阅读说明：本技术 一种高粘稠有机废弃物的热解气化燃烧系统及工艺 (Pyrolysis gasification combustion system and process for high-viscosity organic waste ) 是由 常加富 霍燕 张屹 邹永才 徐鹏举 张兆玲 董磊 于 2020-07-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种高粘稠有机废弃物的热解气化燃烧系统及工艺,包括：混合罐,其中设置有加热装置；热解反应器,其进口设置有喷头,喷头与混合罐之间通过管道连接；其为筒状结构,筒壁上设置有加热结构,喷头设置有载气进口,用于与载气源连接；气化反应器,其进口与热解反应器的出口连通,其顶部设置出口,底部设置有床料层和气化剂进口；灰分燃烧室,其进口与气化反应器的出口连通。通过将高粘稠有机废弃物的热解、气化、燃烧进行分步操作,可以防止其受热而急剧膨胀粘结,避免了大粒径颗粒在流化床底部的沉积,有效控制了系统运行压力的升高,保证系统的安全稳定运行,进而实现中药生产过程中产生的高粘稠有机废弃物的清洁环保处置。(The invention discloses a pyrolysis gasification combustion system and a process for high-viscosity organic waste, which comprises the following steps: a mixing tank in which a heating device is disposed; the inlet of the pyrolysis reactor is provided with a spray head, and the spray head is connected with the mixing tank through a pipeline; the heating structure is arranged on the cylinder wall, and the spray head is provided with a carrier gas inlet which is used for being connected with a carrier gas source; the inlet of the gasification reactor is communicated with the outlet of the pyrolysis reactor, the top of the gasification reactor is provided with an outlet, and the bottom of the gasification reactor is provided with a bed material layer and a gasification agent inlet; an ash combustor having an inlet in communication with the outlet of the gasification reactor. The high-viscosity organic waste is subjected to the stepwise operation of pyrolysis, gasification and combustion, so that the high-viscosity organic waste can be prevented from being heated and rapidly expanded and bonded, the deposition of large-particle-size particles at the bottom of a fluidized bed is avoided, the rise of the operation pressure of a system is effectively controlled, the safe and stable operation of the system is ensured, and the clean and environment-friendly treatment of the high-viscosity organic waste generated in the production process of traditional Chinese medicines is realized.)

1. The utility model provides a pyrolysis gasification combustion system of high viscous organic waste which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

a mixing tank in which a heating device is disposed;

the inlet of the pyrolysis reactor is provided with a spray head, and the spray head is connected with the mixing tank through a pipeline; the heating structure is arranged on the cylinder wall, and the spray head is provided with a carrier gas inlet which is used for being connected with a carrier gas source;

the inlet of the gasification reactor is communicated with the outlet of the pyrolysis reactor, the top of the gasification reactor is provided with an outlet, and the bottom of the gasification reactor is provided with a bed material layer and a gasification agent inlet;

an ash combustor having an inlet in communication with the outlet of the gasification reactor.

2. The pyrolysis gasification combustion system of high viscosity organic waste according to claim 1, wherein: the top of the mixing tank is provided with a pipeline connected with an explosion-proof fan and used for extracting gas volatilized by the materials in the mixing tank and guiding the gas to a gas boiler for combustion;

furthermore, a fire-retardant valve and a stop valve are arranged on a pipeline between the anti-explosion fan and the gas boiler.

3. The pyrolysis gasification combustion system of high viscosity organic waste according to claim 1, wherein: the pyrolysis reactor is of an expanding structure from an inlet to an outlet;

furthermore, a heating jacket is arranged on the outer side of the side wall of the pyrolysis reactor, a baffle plate is arranged in the heating jacket, one end of the heating jacket, which is close to the gasification reactor, is connected with a heating gas source, and one end of the heating jacket, which is close to the mixing tank, is communicated with the spray head.

4. The pyrolysis gasification combustion system of high viscosity organic waste according to claim 1, wherein: the bed material layer of the gasification reactor is a quartz sand bed material layer.

5. The pyrolysis gasification combustion system of high viscosity organic waste according to claim 1, wherein: be provided with the baffling board in the ash content combustion chamber, the vertical setting of baffling board, its top and the top fixed connection of ash content combustion chamber, the import and the export of ash content combustion chamber are located the both sides of baffling board respectively.

6. The pyrolysis gasification combustion system of high viscosity organic waste according to claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a gas boiler, wherein a gas-solid separator is arranged between an inlet of the gas boiler and the ash combustion chamber, and an outlet of the gas boiler is respectively communicated with heating jackets of the gasification reactor and the pyrolysis reactor;

further, the device also comprises a flue gas purification device, wherein the inlet of the purification device is communicated with the outlet of the gas boiler;

further, the flue gas purification device comprises a dust removal device and a desulfurization device which are connected in sequence, and the dust removal device is connected with a flue gas outlet of the gas-fired boiler;

further, the device also comprises a chimney, and the chimney is communicated with an outlet of the flue gas purification device.

7. A pyrolysis gasification combustion method of high-viscosity organic waste is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

high-viscosity organic waste generated in the production process of traditional Chinese medicines is heated and stirred in a mixing tank, so that the viscosity of the organic waste is reduced, and the pumping and atomizing requirements are met;

the material with the reduced viscosity is pumped to a spray head, atomized under the action of carrier gas in a pyrolysis reactor, and unidirectionally moved and pyrolyzed;

the gas-solid mixture after pyrolysis enters a gasification reactor, and under the action of oxygen, carbon particles are subjected to gasification reaction;

the gasification reaction residues enter an ash combustor to be fully combusted under the carrying of the airflow.

8. The pyrolysis gasification combustion method of high viscosity organic waste according to claim 7, wherein: the high-viscosity organic waste is a mixture of sedimentation slag and dry distillation liquid in the production process of traditional Chinese medicines;

further, the mass ratio of the settled slag to the dry distillation liquid is 1: 0.8-1.2;

further, the temperature in the mixing tank is 70-80 ℃.

9. The pyrolysis gasification combustion method of high viscosity organic waste according to claim 7, wherein: the temperature in the pyrolysis reactor is distributed in a gradient manner from an inlet to an outlet;

further, in the pyrolysis reactor, the temperature of the inlet end is 75-85 ℃, and the temperature of the outlet end is 290-320 ℃;

further, the oxygen content of the carrier gas in the pyrolysis reactor is 5-8 vol.%;

further, the retention time of the mist-shaped particles in the pyrolysis reactor is not less than 1 min;

further, the gasification temperature in the gasification reactor is 600-.

10. The pyrolysis gasification combustion method of high viscosity organic waste according to claim 7, wherein: the unburned and sufficient pyrolysis gas and gasification gas enter a gas boiler to be combusted, and part of the combustion gas is respectively introduced into a heating jacket of the pyrolysis reactor and the gasification reactor.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of clean energy treatment of organic wastes, and particularly relates to a pyrolysis gasification combustion system and process of high-viscosity organic wastes.

Background

The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

In the production of traditional Chinese medicines, a plurality of traditional Chinese medicines need to be cooked and effective components are extracted from the serous fluid through water extraction and alcohol precipitation or alcohol extraction and water precipitation processes, and a large amount of solid traditional Chinese medicine residues, semifluid precipitation residues and other wastes with wet bases can be generated; some Chinese medicinal materials need dry distillation and effective components are extracted from dry distillation liquid, but high-viscosity liquid waste is remained after extraction. Because these wastes have the characteristics of antibacterial property, semifluid property, high viscosity and the like, it is difficult to perform harmless treatment by conventional methods such as landfill, fermentation decomposition and the like.

The instant large-scale effective treatment of bulk wet-based traditional Chinese medicine residues is realized by adopting a pyrolysis gasification process mainly based on a circulating fluidized bed. The existing method for treating the wastes such as the high-viscosity precipitation slag and the like generated in the production process of the traditional Chinese medicines is to uniformly mix semi-fluid high-viscosity wastes in a mixing tank to reduce the viscosity, mix the semi-fluid high-viscosity wastes with a gasifying agent through a pipeline pump, and spray the semi-fluid high-viscosity wastes in a granular form into a combustion furnace under the atomization action of a nozzle to perform synergistic pyrolysis, gasification and combustion treatment with the solid wastes such as the traditional Chinese medicine slag and the like.

However, the inventor finds that when waste such as sediment slag is sprayed into the circulating fluidized bed to be cooperatively treated with solid waste such as traditional Chinese medicine slag, the operating pressure above the bottom air chamber of the circulating fluidized bed is easy to rapidly rise. In addition, the wastes such as the sediment and the like contain volatile components such as ethanol and the like, the surfaces of the sediment particles are rapidly expanded to form a film when being heated, components such as water and ethanol on the surfaces are rapidly separated out, macromolecules such as residual sugar and the like are not easily and rapidly decomposed, components with higher viscosity form a new particle matrix, some particles are continuously pyrolyzed, the particle size is gradually reduced and is taken out along with air flow, and other particles are collided and bonded under the action of fluidizing air to form particles with larger particle size, and are gradually deposited above an air chamber at the bottom of a fluidized bed to cause the rise of the operation pressure of a system, so that the safe and stable operation of the system is influenced. Therefore, even though the ash content of the waste such as the sediment slag and the dry distillation liquid is low and the calorific value is high, it is difficult to achieve cost-effective disposal of direct combustion or mixed combustion.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a pyrolysis gasification combustion system and process for high-viscosity organic waste so as to realize low-cost clean conversion treatment and energy utilization of high-viscosity sediment waste generated in the production process of traditional Chinese medicines.

To solve the above technical problem, one or more of the following embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

in a first aspect, the present invention provides a pyrolysis gasification combustion system for highly viscous organic waste, comprising:

a mixing tank in which a heating device is disposed;

the inlet of the pyrolysis reactor is provided with a spray head, and the spray head is connected with the mixing tank through a pipeline; the heating structure is arranged on the cylinder wall, and the spray head is provided with a carrier gas inlet which is used for being connected with a carrier gas source;

the inlet of the gasification reactor is communicated with the outlet of the pyrolysis reactor, the top of the gasification reactor is provided with an outlet, and the bottom of the gasification reactor is provided with a bed material layer and a gasification agent inlet;

an ash combustor having an inlet in communication with the outlet of the gasification reactor.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a pyrolysis gasification combustion method for high viscosity organic waste, comprising the following steps:

high-viscosity organic waste generated in the production process of traditional Chinese medicines is heated and stirred in a mixing tank, so that the viscosity of the organic waste is reduced, and the pumping and atomizing requirements are met;

the material with the reduced viscosity is pumped to a spray head, atomized under the action of carrier gas in a pyrolysis reactor, and unidirectionally moved and pyrolyzed;

the gas-solid mixture after pyrolysis enters a gasification reactor, and under the action of oxygen, carbon particles are subjected to gasification reaction;

the gasification reaction residues enter an ash combustor to be fully combusted under the carrying of the airflow.

Compared with the prior art, one or more technical schemes of the invention have the following beneficial effects:

1) through carrying out step-by-step operation on pyrolysis, gasification and combustion of high-viscosity organic waste, the high-viscosity organic waste can be effectively prevented from being heated and rapidly expanded and bonded, the deposition of large-particle-size particles at the bottom of a fluidized bed is effectively prevented, the rise of the operating pressure of the system is effectively controlled, and the safe and stable operation of the system is ensured.

2) The reduction treatment of the part of organic waste is realized by pyrolyzing, gasifying and burning the high-viscosity organic waste, and the generated ash can be directly sent out for landfill or used as building materials, thereby simplifying the treatment steps.

3) The material moves in one direction integrally in the pyrolysis reactor, and has no local interference airflow, so that the material can be effectively prevented from being bonded in the pyrolysis process, and the pyrolysis effect of the material is improved.

4) The operation method is simple, and compared with the centralized treatment of transporting the precipitated mud and the dry distillation liquid out of a factory as hazardous wastes, the operation method has the advantages of low treatment cost, universality and easy popularization and application.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the pyrolysis gasification combustion system for highly viscous organic waste according to the present invention.

Wherein, 1-mixing tank; 2-a pyrolysis reactor; 3-a gasification reactor; 4-an ash combustor; 5-high temperature cyclone dust collector; 6-a gas boiler; 7-a flue gas purification device; 8-chimney.

Detailed Description

It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

In a first aspect, the present invention provides a pyrolysis gasification combustion system for highly viscous organic waste, comprising:

a mixing tank in which a heating device is disposed;

the inlet of the pyrolysis reactor is provided with a spray head, and the spray head is connected with the mixing tank through a pipeline; the heating structure is arranged on the cylinder wall, and the spray head is provided with a carrier gas inlet which is used for being connected with a carrier gas source;

the inlet of the gasification reactor is communicated with the outlet of the pyrolysis reactor, the top of the gasification reactor is provided with an outlet, and the bottom of the gasification reactor is provided with a bed material layer and a gasification agent inlet;

an ash combustor having an inlet in communication with the outlet of the gasification reactor.

In some embodiments, the top of the mixing tank is provided with a pipeline connected with an explosion-proof fan, and the pipeline is used for extracting gas volatilized by materials in the mixing tank and guiding the gas to a gas boiler for combustion, so that a negative-pressure operation state is ensured to be in the mixing tank.

Furthermore, a fire-retardant valve and a stop valve are arranged on a pipeline between the anti-explosion fan and the gas boiler, so that the operation safety of the system is guaranteed.

In some embodiments, the pyrolysis reactor is an expanded diameter structure from an inlet to an outlet.

Because the material is sprayed out in the form of a cone when atomized, part of the gas-solid mixture moves towards the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor, and the pyrolysis reactor is arranged to be of an expanding structure, so that the collision between the material and the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor can be effectively reduced, and the adhesion between solid particles is further reduced.

Furthermore, a heating jacket is arranged on the outer side of the side wall of the pyrolysis reactor, a baffle plate is arranged in the heating jacket, one end of the heating jacket, which is close to the gasification reactor, is connected with a heating gas source, and one end of the heating jacket, which is close to the mixing tank, is communicated with the spray head.

The heating gas and the pyrolysis mixture flow reversely, so that the gradual temperature rise of the materials is controlled, and the pyrolysis reaction rate of the materials is inhibited. And (3) the gas after the material is heated and cooled enters the spray head to atomize the material and simultaneously is used as carrier gas to carry solid particles. Because the part of gas still has higher temperature, the method is favorable for the atomization of the materials, has better preheating effect on the materials and is favorable for the pyrolysis after the atomization.

In some embodiments, the bed material of the gasification reactor is a bed material of quartz sand.

In some embodiments, a baffle plate is arranged in the ash combustion chamber, the baffle plate is vertically arranged, the top of the baffle plate is fixedly connected with the top of the ash combustion chamber, and an inlet and an outlet of the ash combustion chamber are respectively positioned on two sides of the baffle plate.

The carbon particles which are not fully gasified are fully burnt at the inlet side of the ash combustion chamber under the combustion action of gasified gas and pyrolysis gas at high temperature, so that the thorough treatment of high-viscosity organic waste in the production process of traditional Chinese medicines is realized.

In some embodiments, the system further comprises a gas boiler, a gas-solid separator is arranged between an inlet of the gas boiler and the ash combustion chamber, and an outlet of the gas boiler is respectively communicated with the heating jackets of the gasification reactor and the pyrolysis reactor.

High-temperature flue gas generated by the gas-fired boiler is introduced into the gasification reactor, and part of fresh air is supplemented into the gasification reactor, so that the gasification of carbon particles is facilitated. The high-temperature flue gas is introduced into the heating jacket of the pyrolysis reactor, so that heat utilization can be realized, and the cooled flue gas is atomized as carrier gas, so that the pyrolysis of the material in a low-oxygen environment is facilitated due to the fact that the oxygen content in the flue gas is very low, the reaction rate is controlled, and the severe expansion of the material in a short time due to heating is avoided.

Further, the device also comprises a flue gas purification device, and an inlet of the purification device is communicated with an outlet of the gas boiler.

Furthermore, the flue gas purification device comprises a dust removal device and a desulfurization device which are connected in sequence, such as a bag type dust collector, a desulfurization tower and the like, and the dust removal device is connected with a flue gas outlet of the gas boiler.

Further, the device also comprises a chimney, and the chimney is communicated with an outlet of the flue gas purification device.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a pyrolysis gasification combustion method for high viscosity organic waste, comprising the following steps:

high-viscosity organic waste generated in the production process of traditional Chinese medicines is heated and stirred in a mixing tank, so that the viscosity of the organic waste is reduced, and the pumping and atomizing requirements are met;

the material with the reduced viscosity is pumped to a spray head, atomized under the action of carrier gas in a pyrolysis reactor, and unidirectionally moved and pyrolyzed;

the gas-solid mixture after pyrolysis enters a gasification reactor, and under the action of oxygen, carbon particles are subjected to gasification reaction;

the gasification reaction residues enter an ash combustor to be fully combusted under the carrying of the airflow.

In some embodiments, the high viscosity organic waste is a mixture of settled slag and dry distillation liquid in a traditional Chinese medicine production process.

Furthermore, the mass ratio of the settled slag to the dry distillation liquid is 1: 0.8-1.2.

Further, the temperature in the mixing tank is 70-80 ℃. By heating at this temperature, the viscosity of the mixture can be reduced to 3000 mPas or less, and fluidity can be imparted.

In some embodiments, the temperature within the pyrolysis reactor is stepped from the inlet to the outlet.

Furthermore, in the pyrolysis reactor, the temperature of the inlet end is 75-85 ℃, and the temperature of the outlet end is 290-320 ℃.

Further, the oxygen content of the carrier gas in the pyrolysis reactor is 5-8 vol.%.

Further, the residence time of the atomized particles in the pyrolysis reactor is not less than 1 min.

The slow temperature rise and the low-oxygen pyrolysis of the vaporific particles are realized, the violent expansion and the quick carbonization which are caused by the sharp heating of the surfaces of the particle materials are inhibited, and the substances in the particles are ensured to be volatilized and separated out firstly and then carbonized.

In some embodiments, the gasification temperature within the gasification reactor is 600-.

In some embodiments, sufficient pyrolysis gas and gasification gas that are not combusted enter a gas boiler for combustion, and a portion of the combustion flue gas is introduced into a heating jacket of the pyrolysis reactor and a gasification reactor, respectively.