阅读说明：本技术 水体补水时获得提高沉水植物存活率的补水条件的方法及提高沉水植物存活率的方法 (Method for obtaining water supplementing condition for improving survival rate of submerged plants during water supplementing of water body and method for improving survival rate of submerged plants ) 是由 王洪杰 常利朋 王豆豆 于 2019-03-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种水体补水过程中获得提高沉水植物存活率的补水条件的方法和水体补水过程中提高沉水植物存活率的方法,本发明方法采集待生态补水的水体中的沉水植物和底泥；并将底泥装填在容器内后制作采集的植沉水植物；然后以不同的下降速率降低种植了沉水植物的容器,并测定容器内沉水植物的生长情况,获得生态补水过程中提高沉水植物存活率的补水条件。本发明方法可在水位上升后,随水位变化调节容器的位置,使植物缓慢适应水位上升后的环境,不至于因为水位的上升对当地的沉水植物造成影响,破坏当地生态系统,在一定程度上改善湖泊环境。同时,该方法使用的装置便于移动、成本低、抗风浪。(The invention discloses a method for obtaining water replenishing conditions for improving the survival rate of submerged plants in a water body water replenishing process and a method for improving the survival rate of the submerged plants in the water body water replenishing process, wherein the method collects the submerged plants and bottom mud in a water body to be ecologically replenished with water; filling the bottom mud in a container to prepare collected plant submerged plants; and then reducing the container in which the submerged plant is planted at different descending rates, and determining the growth condition of the submerged plant in the container to obtain a water replenishing condition for improving the survival rate of the submerged plant in the ecological water replenishing process. The method can adjust the position of the container along with the water level change after the water level rises, so that the plants slowly adapt to the environment after the water level rises, the influence on local submerged plants due to the rise of the water level is avoided, the local ecosystem is not damaged, and the lake environment is improved to a certain extent. Meanwhile, the device used by the method is convenient to move, low in cost and resistant to wind and waves.)

1. A method for obtaining water supplementing conditions for improving the survival rate of submerged plants in a water supplementing process is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) collecting submerged plants and bottom mud in a water body to be ecologically supplemented with water;

2) filling the collected bottom mud in a container, and planting the collected plant submerged plants in the container;

3) placing the container with the submerged plants under water, simulating the rising rate of the water replenishing level at the descending rate of the container, and reducing the depth of the container in the water at the descending rate of 1-10cm/d until the water level depth of the ecological water replenishing water body for final water replenishing;

4) in the ecological water replenishing process, timing is started from the beginning of reducing the depth of the container in the water, the growth condition of the submerged plant is determined every 5d, and the water replenishing condition for improving the survival rate of the submerged plant in the ecological water replenishing process is obtained according to the determined growth condition of the submerged plant.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the body of water is selected from a reservoir or lake.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said submerged plants are selected from curly pondweed (Potamogenoncrispus L.) or tape grass (Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara), preferably tape grass.

4. The method as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein the container in which the submerged plant is planted in step 3) is placed under water by 80 to 100cm, and then the depth of the container in the water is lowered.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the height, root length, fresh weight and leaf number of the submerged plant are measured in step 4).

6. A method for improving the survival rate of submerged plants in a water body water replenishing process is characterized in that the water level rising rate of a water body to be ecologically replenished with water is controlled.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the submerged plant is selected from the submerged plant tape grass.

8. The method as claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein the body of water to be ecologically replenished is selected from a reservoir or lake.

9. The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the body of water to be ecologically replenished is selected from a white lake.

10. A method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the water level is raised at a rate of 1-10cm/d, preferably 2-6cm/d, more preferably 2-4 cm/d.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic plant planting, relates to a planting method of plants, and particularly relates to a planting method of submerged plants, namely tape grass.

Background

The lake is known as the 'kidney of North China', is the largest fresh water lake in the plain of North China, and the quality of water is directly related to the overall environmental quality of a new area of male security. Under the influence of natural factors and human factors, the white lake faces the problems of insufficient water source, eutrophication of water body, weak ecological environment and the like for a long time. After the new male security area is established, how to treat the white lake becomes an important issue in the era. According to the requirements of 'the planning compendium of the Hebei Xiongan New district' of Hebei province, a multi-water-source water supplementing mechanism is to be established in the future, and through comprehensively introducing yellow into the Hebei lake, an upstream reservoir and local unconventional water resources, the ecological hydrological process of lake is reasonably regulated and controlled, so that the normal water level of the white ocean lake is kept at 6.5-7.0 m. The desilting and the water replenishing become necessary means in the treatment of the pollution of the white lake and the ecological restoration.

The water level change is an important factor for controlling the lake ecosystem, the whole plant body of the submerged plant is completely immersed in water and is stressed most obviously by water environment factors such as illumination intensity, water transparency, temperature and the like, when the living environment changes suddenly, such as the lake water level is quickly improved due to water supplement, the submerged plant is often subjected to insufficient illumination, the photosynthesis is gradually weakened or even can not be carried out, the physiological activity is inhibited, and finally the submerged vegetation community dies gradually due to sudden change of the living environment caused by inadaptation of quick water supplement. At present, the influence of water level rise on the growth condition of submerged plants in a lake (reservoir) and the problem of recovery and reconstruction of the submerged plants which die and decline in a region behind the water level rise are generally not considered when rapid water replenishing is carried out on the lake (reservoir), even if the recovery of the submerged plants in the lake (reservoir) after the water level rise is considered, the submerged plants are only bound on a net curtain in a piece and then sink in water, because the epidermis of the bound base part of the submerged plants is easy to damage, the bound submerged plants are easy to rot and finally fall off from the net bed, and the effect of improving or keeping ecology cannot be achieved.

Therefore, after ecological water supplement is carried out on the white ocean lake, how to adapt the submerged plant population to environmental changes and quickly restore and rebuild the area where part of the submerged plants die due to inadaptation to the environment is a crucial problem. While the use of tape grass as an indigenous plant to the white lake makes healthy growth more important.

The invention provides a proper water discharging speed range during ecological water replenishing, and through adjusting the water discharging speed, the submerged plants of the white ocean sediments can have sufficient time to adapt to the water level change, thereby reducing the decline of a large number of plant communities caused by the rapid change of the water level. Meanwhile, after the ecological water replenishing level of the white lake rises, the aquatic plants in partial areas are eliminated because the water level rises and the aquatic plants are not suitable for a new living environment.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for obtaining water replenishing conditions for improving the survival rate of submerged plants and a method for improving the survival rate of the submerged plants in the water replenishing process of a water body, aiming at the technical problems in the existing water body ecological water replenishing process.

In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, on one hand, the invention provides a method for obtaining water replenishing conditions for improving the survival rate of submerged plants in a water body water replenishing process, which comprises the following steps:

1) collecting submerged plants and bottom mud in a water body to be ecologically supplemented with water;

2) filling the collected bottom mud in a container, and planting the collected plant submerged plants in the container;

3) placing the container with the submerged plants under water, simulating the rising rate of the water replenishing level at the descending rate of the container, and reducing the depth of the container in the water at the descending rate of 1-10cm/d until the water level depth of the ecological water replenishing water body for final water replenishing;

4) in the ecological water replenishing process, timing is started from the beginning of reducing the depth of the container in the water, the growth condition of the submerged plant is measured every 5d, and the condition for improving the survival rate of the submerged plant in the ecological water replenishing process is obtained according to the measured parameter of the growth condition of the plant.

Wherein, the water body is selected from a reservoir or a lake.

In particular, the water body is selected from the white lake of Hebei province.

Wherein the submerged plant is selected from Potamogeton crispus L or tape grass (Vallisneratanatans (Lour.) Hara), preferably tape grass.

In particular, the submerged plant tape grass is tape grass of a Baiyan lake river basin; the sediment is selected from surface sediment of the Baiyanghu river basin.

Particularly, the height of the tape grass is 40-50 cm.

Wherein, the container planted with the submerged plant is placed under water by 80-100cm in the step 3), and then the depth of the container in the water is reduced.

Specifically, the container with the submerged plants planted in the step 3) is placed under water for 100cm, and then the depth of the container in the water is reduced.

Wherein, the step 4) of determining the growth condition of the submerged plant comprises determining one or more of the plant height, the root length, the fresh weight or the leaf number of the submerged plant.

Particularly, the step 4) of determining the growth of the submerged plant comprises determining the fresh weight or the leaf number of the submerged plant.

In particular, the plant height, root length and leaf number of the submerged plants were measured every 5 days; and after 30d, determining the fresh weight of the submerged plant.

Wherein, in the step 4), the container with the submerged plants is placed at a position of 80-100cm under the water, which is the starting position of the container for lowering, and then the growth condition of the submerged plants is measured every 5 days.

Particularly, the method also comprises the step of comparing the growth condition of the submerged plant at a position of 80-100cm underwater with the growth condition of the submerged plant after the submerged plant is descended, and determining the water replenishing condition for improving the survival rate of the submerged plant in the ecological water replenishing process when the growth of the submerged plant after the submerged plant is descended does not show negative increase (namely the plant height, the root length, the leaf number or the fresh weight of the submerged plant after the water level is ascended does not show negative increase).

The invention also provides a method for improving the survival rate of submerged plants in the water replenishing process of the water body, which is characterized by controlling the water level rising rate of the water body to be ecologically replenished with water.

Wherein the submerged plant is selected from Potamogeton crispus L or tape grass (Vallisneratanatans (Lour.) Hara), preferably tape grass.

Particularly, the water body to be ecologically supplemented with water is selected from a reservoir or a lake.

In particular, the water body is selected from the white lake of Hebei province.

Wherein the water level rising rate is 1-10cm/d, preferably 2-6cm/d, and more preferably 2-4 cm/d.

Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages and benefits:

1. the method for improving the survival rate of the submerged plants in the water replenishing process not only keeps the growth of the aquatic plants, but also improves the adaptation of the submerged plant population to the environmental change and guides the ecological water replenishing in the ecological water replenishing process of the water bodies such as lakes, reservoirs and the like.

2. According to the method, the growth condition of the tape grass after the water level is lifted at different rates is researched, and a comprehensive treatment project based on submerged plants and based on ecological restoration is constructed. The method takes the submerged plant tape grass as a tool species to form submerged vegetation, constructs a high-productivity primary producer, provides baits and breeding places for aquatic animals, and exerts the service function of an aquatic ecosystem.

3. According to the method, the water depth range suitable for the growth of the tape grass is determined by researching the growth conditions of the tape grass under the conditions of different water level rising rates, and the control of the suitable water level rising rate in the ecological water replenishing process provides a basis for the restoration and reconstruction of the aquatic plants under a specific water depth and the rapid restoration of the vegetation after ecological desilting.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for determining water replenishing conditions for improving the survival rate of submerged plants in a water body water replenishing process according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a flowerpot and a bracket for planting submerged plants in a water body in the embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, and the advantages and features of the invention will become apparent as the description proceeds. These examples are illustrative only and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.