阅读说明：本技术 一种利用植被改良盐碱土壤的方法 (Method for improving saline-alkali soil by utilizing vegetation ) 是由 张忠辉 何怀江 王梓默 张大伟 包广道 陈思羽 罗也 林士杰 刘婷 于 2020-05-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种利用植被改良盐碱土壤的方法,包括如下步骤：(1)翻耕：于播种前15-20d对盐碱地进行翻耕,翻耕深度30-50cm；(2)施入有机改良剂：将有机改良剂以400-800kg/亩施入盐碱地；再次翻耕,翻耕深度20-30cm；(3)滴灌木醋液：铺设滴灌带,于播种前7-10d使用滴灌带灌水,灌水后滴灌木醋液,随后再次灌水；(4)播种：播种苜蓿种子,播种后土表覆盖一层有机改良剂,并随水滴灌复合菌剂；(5)田间管理：每次刈割后土表覆盖一层有机改良剂,并随水滴灌复合菌剂。通过本发明方法可有效改善盐碱土壤含盐量及pH。(The invention discloses a method for improving saline-alkali soil by utilizing vegetation, which comprises the following steps: (1) ploughing: ploughing the saline-alkali soil 15-20 days before sowing, wherein the ploughing depth is 30-50 cm; (2) applying an organic modifier: applying the organic modifier into the saline-alkali soil at 400-800 kg/mu; ploughing again with the depth of 20-30 cm; (3) drip irrigation of wood vinegar: laying a drip irrigation tape, irrigating by using the drip irrigation tape 7-10 days before sowing, irrigating wood vinegar by drip irrigation after irrigation, and then irrigating again; (4) sowing: sowing alfalfa seeds, covering a layer of organic modifying agent on the soil surface after sowing, and carrying out drip irrigation on the compound microbial inoculum along with water; (5) field management: covering a layer of organic modifying agent on the soil surface after each cutting, and carrying out drip irrigation on the compound microbial inoculum along with water. The method can effectively improve the salt content and pH of the saline-alkali soil.)

1. A method for improving saline-alkali soil by using vegetation is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) plowing

Ploughing the saline-alkali soil 15-20 days before sowing, wherein the ploughing depth is 30-50 cm;

(2) applying organic modifying agent

Applying the organic modifier into the saline-alkali soil at 400-800 kg/mu; ploughing again with the depth of 20-30 cm;

(3) drip irrigation wood vinegar

Laying a drip irrigation tape, irrigating by using the drip irrigation tape 7-10 days before sowing, irrigating wood vinegar by drip irrigation after irrigation, and then irrigating again;

(4) seeding

Sowing alfalfa seeds, covering a layer of organic modifying agent on the soil surface after sowing, and carrying out drip irrigation on the compound microbial inoculum along with water;

(5) management of field

Covering a layer of organic modifying agent on the soil surface after each cutting, and carrying out drip irrigation on the compound microbial inoculum along with water.

2. The method for improving saline-alkali soil by utilizing vegetation according to claim 1,

the organic modifier is prepared by mixing cow dung, sheep dung, alfalfa straw, vinegar residue, humus soil and edible fungus chaff, adjusting the water content to be 50-60% and composting for 10-20 d.

3. The method for improving saline-alkali soil by utilizing vegetation according to claim 2,

the using amount ratio of the cow dung, the sheep dung, the alfalfa straws, the vinegar residue, the humus soil and the edible fungus chaff is (1-2): (5-8): (2-4): (1-2): (2-4): by weight.

4. The method for improving saline-alkali soil by utilizing vegetation according to claim 1,

in the step (3)

The irrigation amount before the drip irrigation of the wood vinegar is 2-5m³Per mu;

the dosage of the wood vinegar is 4-6 kg/mu, and the wood vinegar is diluted by 200 times of water for drip irrigation;

the irrigation amount after the wood vinegar is dripped is 5-8m³Per mu.

5. The method for improving saline-alkali soil by utilizing vegetation according to claim 1,

in the step (4)

The dosage of the organic modifier after sowing is 200-300 kg/mu.

6. The method for improving saline-alkali soil by utilizing vegetation according to claim 1,

in the step (4)

After the organic modifying agent is applied, firstly, the drip irrigation belt is used for irrigating water for 4-6m³Per mu, then adding the compound microbial inoculum into water to prepare compound bacterial liquid, and carrying out drip irrigation for 1-2m³Per mu, the effective viable bacteria in the compound bacterial liquid is 1 × 10⁶-1×10⁷CFU/mL。

7. The method for improving saline-alkali soil by utilizing vegetation according to claim 6,

the composite microbial agent is prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus natto and alfalfa rhizobium.

8. The method for improving saline-alkali soil by utilizing vegetation according to claim 7,

the ratio of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus natto and the alfalfa rhizobium to the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 1: 2.

9. The method for improving saline-alkali soil by utilizing vegetation according to claim 1,

in the step (5)

The dosage of the organic modifier after each cutting is 400-500 kg/mu.

10. The method for improving saline-alkali soil by vegetation according to claim 9,

in the step (5)

After the organic modifying agent is applied, a drip irrigation belt is used for irrigating for 4-6m³Per mu, then adding the compound microbial inoculum into water to prepare compound bacterial liquid, and carrying out drip irrigation for 1-2m³Per mu, the effective viable bacteria in the compound bacterial liquid is 1 × 10⁶-1×10⁷CFU/mL。

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a method for improving saline-alkali soil by utilizing vegetation.

Background

Along with the urbanization development, land reduction and resource shortage, people pay more and more attention to the development and utilization of saline-alkali soil, and therefore, the focus is on finding active and effective measures to improve the saline-alkali soil.

The method for improving the saline-alkali soil at the present stage mainly comprises the following steps:

hydraulic engineering restoration method

The method for using water and managing water is improved through hydraulic engineering facilities so as to facilitate leaching and diluting salinity and regulate and control underground water level, thereby achieving the purpose of improving saline-alkali soil. The method has large engineering quantity and needs to consume a large amount of water resources.

Second, chemical repair method

The application of the chemical modifier can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, but is easy to cause secondary pollution.

Third, bioremediation method

The soil is repaired by using animals, plants and microorganisms, which is more economical, practical, natural and environment-friendly compared with other methods, but the method has slow effect and usually needs to be treated for many years to improve the soil.

Therefore, how to improve the efficiency of bioremediation of saline-alkali soil is a problem that needs to be solved urgently by the technicians in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil by using vegetation, which can rapidly and effectively improve the salt content and pH of the saline-alkali soil.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for improving saline-alkali soil by using vegetation comprises the following steps:

(1) plowing

Ploughing the saline-alkali soil 15-20 days before sowing, wherein the ploughing depth is 30-50 cm;

(2) applying organic modifying agent

Applying the organic modifier into the saline-alkali soil at 400-800 kg/mu; ploughing again with the depth of 20-30 cm;

(3) drip irrigation wood vinegar

Laying a drip irrigation tape, irrigating by using the drip irrigation tape 7-10 days before sowing, irrigating wood vinegar by drip irrigation after irrigation, and then irrigating again;

(4) seeding

Sowing alfalfa seeds, covering a layer of organic modifying agent on the soil surface after sowing, and carrying out drip irrigation on the compound microbial inoculum along with water;

(5) management of field

Covering a layer of organic modifying agent on the soil surface after each cutting, and carrying out drip irrigation on the compound microbial inoculum along with water.

Saline-alkali soil to be treated is ploughed earlier in this application, loosens soil, and then does benefit to subsequent restoration processing.

The organic conditioner is used for soil improvement and restoration, and the rich organic matters are decomposed to generate a large amount of organic acid, so that the alkalinity of the soil is neutralized, and the absorption and utilization of nutrients by subsequent vegetation are promoted; after the secondary plowing, the organic modifier is mixed into the soil to change the chemical composition and physical structure in the soil, so that the saline-alkali soil is more suitable for vegetation growth.

Then, a drip irrigation belt is used for irrigation, so that automatic infiltration of organic components can be promoted, and the remediation of deeper soil is further promoted; after irrigation, the wood vinegar is dripped, so that the pH of soil can be improved, the absorption and utilization of subsequent vegetation on nutrients are promoted, and a certain inhibition effect on pathogenic bacteria is achieved; the wood vinegar is irrigated again after being drip-irrigated, and the dispersion of the wood vinegar is further promoted.

After sowing, covering an organic modifying agent on the soil surface, and further improving the organic matter content of the plough layer; the drip irrigation complex microbial inoculum with water promotes the dispersion and decomposition of organic modifying agents on one hand, and facilitates the improvement of soil through the action of microorganisms and the absorption and utilization of nutrients by subsequent vegetation.

Covering a layer of organic modifying agent on the soil surface after each cutting, and carrying out drip irrigation on the compound microbial inoculum along with water, so as to improve the soil modifying efficiency by matching with the growth period of the alfalfa.

Preferably, the organic modifier is prepared by mixing cow dung, sheep dung, alfalfa straw, vinegar residue, humus and edible fungus chaff, adjusting the water content to be 50-60% and composting for 10-20 d.

The organic modifying agent can better improve the soil state including the soil loosening degree, the soil water retention capacity, the nutrient content in the soil and the repairing effect on the pH value and the salinity of the soil by selecting the raw materials.

More preferably, the edible fungus chaff can be fungus chaff of edible fungi such as oyster mushroom, needle mushroom, edible fungus, etc.

Preferably, the using amount ratio of the cow dung, the sheep dung, the alfalfa straw, the vinegar residue, the humus soil and the edible fungus chaff is (1-2): (5-8): (2-4): (1-2): (2-4): by weight.

Preferably, in step (3)

The irrigation amount before the drip irrigation of the wood vinegar is 2-5m³Per mu;

the dosage of the wood vinegar is 4-6 kg/mu, and the wood vinegar is diluted by 200 times of water for drip irrigation;

the irrigation amount after the wood vinegar is dripped is 5-8m³Per mu.

The dosage of the wood vinegar and the irrigation amount can be adjusted according to the pH value of the soil.

Preferably, in step (4)

The dosage of the organic modifier after sowing is 200-300 kg/mu.

Preferably, in step (4)

After the organic modifying agent is applied, firstly, the drip irrigation belt is used for irrigating water for 4-6m³Per mu, then adding the compound microbial inoculum into water to prepare compound bacterial liquid, and carrying out drip irrigation for 1-2m³The effective viable bacteria in the compound bacterial liquid is 1 × 10⁶-1×10⁷CFU/mL。

The compound microbial inoculum is applied in the late stage of irrigation, which is beneficial to the enrichment of microorganisms in a plough layer, thereby further exerting the group effect, promoting the growth of alfalfa and improving the soil improvement efficiency. The application amount of the complex microbial inoculum can be adjusted according to the salinization degree of soil.

Preferably, the composite microbial agent is prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus natto and alfalfa rhizobium.

Further preferably, the ratio of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus natto and the alfalfa rhizobium bacteria is 1: 2.

Preferably, in step (5)

The dosage of the organic modifier after each cutting is 400-500 kg/mu. The dosage of the organic modifier can be adjusted according to the salinization degree of the soil.

Further preferably, in the step (5)

After the organic modifying agent is applied, a drip irrigation belt is used for irrigating for 4-6m³Per mu, then adding the compound microbial inoculum into water to prepare compound bacterial liquid, and carrying out drip irrigation for 1-2m³The effective viable bacteria in the compound bacterial liquid is 1 × 10⁶-1×10⁷CFU/mL。

Preferably, the alfalfa seeds are soaked for 4-8h by using the compound bacterial liquid before sowing.

According to the technical scheme, the saline-alkali soil pH value can be quickly and effectively improved through the matching of operations such as plowing, application of an organic modifying agent, drip irrigation of wood vinegar, water and a compound microbial inoculum and the like.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.