阅读说明：本技术 一种高水分苜蓿青贮复合添加剂及其使用方法 (High-moisture alfalfa silage composite additive and use method thereof ) 是由 刘忠宽 刘振宇 谢楠 秦文利 冯伟 智健飞 杨富裕 刘志伟 于 2020-05-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种高水分苜蓿青贮复合添加剂及使用方法。添加剂是由下述重量份数的原料组合制成：40%无水氯化钙粉剂20份,地瓜干粉50份,柠檬冻干粉30份,各组分允许误差为±2%。使用方法,1、在苜蓿初花期,采用具有茎秆压裂功能的青贮联合收获机进行苜蓿原料收获,切碎长度1.5-2.0cm；2、收获后的苜蓿原料倒入青贮窖,进行摊平,摊平厚度10～15cm；按照过磅时苜蓿原料重量,称取重量为苜蓿原料重量8%～10%的上述高水分苜蓿青贮复合添加剂,均匀喷洒在摊平的苜蓿原料上；第三步、进行苜蓿原料压实,压实密度控制在600kg/m<Sup>3</Sup>-650kg/m<Sup>3</Sup>；依此类推,逐层进行苜蓿原料装填和镇压,直至填满青贮窖；第四步、最后青贮窖顶部用青贮黑白膜覆盖密封,并进行镇压。本发明效果显著。(The invention relates to a high-moisture alfalfa ensiling compound additive and a using method thereof. The additive is prepared by combining the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of 40% anhydrous calcium chloride powder, 50 parts of sweet potato dry powder and 30 parts of lemon freeze-dried powder, wherein the allowable error of each component is +/-2%. The using method comprises the following steps of 1, harvesting alfalfa raw materials by adopting an ensiling combined harvester with a stalk fracturing function in the early flowering period of alfalfa, and cutting the alfalfa raw materials into pieces with the length of 1.5-2.0 cm; 2. pouring the harvested alfalfa raw materials into a silage silo, flattening, wherein the flattening thickness is 10-15 cm; weighing the high-moisture alfalfa ensiling compound additive with the weight of 8-10% of the weight of the alfalfa raw materials when weighing, and uniformly spraying the compound additive on the flattened alfalfa raw materials; thirdly, compacting the alfalfa raw materials, wherein the compaction density is controlled to be 600kg/m 3 ‑650kg/m 3 (ii) a Filling and pressing the alfalfa raw materials layer by layer until the silage silo is filled; and fourthly, covering and sealing the top of the ensiling cellar by using an ensiling black and white film, and compacting. The invention has obvious effect.)

1. A high-moisture alfalfa ensiling compound additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

wherein, the tolerance of each component is plus or minus 2 percent, and the content of the each component is 20 parts of 40 percent anhydrous calcium chloride powder, 50 parts of dried sweet potato powder and 30 parts of lemon freeze-dried powder.

2. The method for using the high-moisture alfalfa ensiling compound additive as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:

firstly, harvesting alfalfa raw materials by adopting an ensiling combined harvester with a stalk fracturing function in the early flowering stage of alfalfa, cutting the alfalfa raw materials into pieces with the length of 1.5-2.0cm, and recording the weight of the raw materials at any time;

secondly, pouring the harvested alfalfa raw materials into an ensiling cellar, and flattening by using an ensiling machine, wherein the flattening thickness is 10-15 cm; weighing the high-moisture alfalfa ensiling compound additive with the weight of 8-10% of the weight of the alfalfa raw materials when weighing, and uniformly spraying the compound additive on the flattened alfalfa raw materials by using a spraying machine;

thirdly, compacting the alfalfa raw materials by using a special kiln pressing machine or a suitable alternative machine, wherein the compaction density is controlled to be 600kg/m³-650kg/m³(ii) a Repeating the steps until the alfalfa leaves are obtainedFilling and pressing the materials until the ensilage pit is filled;

and fourthly, covering and sealing the top of the filled ensilage cellar by using an ensilage black and white film, and compacting.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a high-moisture alfalfa ensiling compound additive and a using method thereof.

Background

Alfalfa is the pasture variety with the largest cultivation area in the world at present, and the cultivation area in China is more than 7000 million acres at present. The main products of alfalfa processing in China are dry grass bales and low-moisture alfalfa ensilage (semi-dry alfalfa ensilage). In the rain and heat synchronization of alfalfa main producing areas in China, the air humidity in rainy seasons is high, the harvesting and the processing of high-quality alfalfa hay are very difficult, and the loss of more than 30 percent can be caused by rain, fallen leaves and the like in the airing process. The low-moisture alfalfa ensiling still has the link of wilting and airing raw materials (generally requiring 0.5-1 day), so the risk of the alfalfa raw materials suffering from rain and the loss of nutrient substances caused by the airing process still exist; meanwhile, the low-moisture alfalfa ensiling raw material is very easy to bring exogenous ash such as soil and atmospheric sediment in the processes of ridge collection, tedding and picking up, so that the exogenous ash content of the low-moisture alfalfa ensiling raw material is too high, and harmful microorganisms such as clostridium and the like are increased and butyric acid fermentation is caused; the mechanical operation links of the low-moisture alfalfa ensiling are more, which causes low ensiling operation efficiency and high processing cost, and the links become key factors for restricting the low-moisture alfalfa ensiling. The method does not need airing, and directly cuts and cuts the alfalfa, transports the alfalfa, stores the alfalfa in a cellar (stretching a film to wrap the alfalfa, bagging the alfalfa and the like) by using a combined silage harvesting machine, and can better solve the problems that the alfalfa is high in moisture content (the moisture content of the alfalfa raw material is more than 70%). However, the high-moisture ensiling of the alfalfa has the problems of high water content of the ensiling raw material of the alfalfa, low content of soluble sugar, small quantity of lactobacillus attached to the surface of leaves, serious butyric acid fermentation and protein hydrolysis in the ensiling process and the like. In recent years, high-moisture alfalfa silage additives applied at home and abroad mainly comprise single organic acids, compound organic acids, ammonium compounds and the like, although the high-moisture alfalfa silage additives have certain improvement effect, the quality of alfalfa silage is still not ideal, the additives have certain corrosivity, potential safety hazards exist for people, livestock and the environment, and the additives are imported from foreign countries at the same time, so that the cost is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-moisture alfalfa ensiling compound additive and a using method thereof. The method can economically and effectively realize effective regulation and control of the water content, the soluble sugar content and the lactic acid bacteria quantity of the high-moisture alfalfa ensiling raw material, inhibit butyric acid fermentation and protein hydrolysis in the alfalfa direct storage process, reduce the loss of dry matters and nutrients in the ensiling process and obviously improve the quality of the ensiling feed of the high-moisture alfalfa ensiling.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the invention relates to a high-moisture alfalfa ensiling compound additive which is prepared by combining the following raw materials in parts by weight:

wherein, the tolerance of each component is plus or minus 2 percent, and the content of the each component is 20 parts of 40 percent anhydrous calcium chloride powder, 50 parts of dried sweet potato powder and 30 parts of lemon freeze-dried powder.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-moisture alfalfa ensiling compound additive, which comprises the following steps:

firstly, preparing lemon freeze-dried powder: selecting fresh lemon with good maturity, and performing pretreatment such as cleaning, cutting, removing kernels, blanching (90 ℃, 1-2 min) and the like; then, carrying out vacuum freezing vacuum sublimation drying treatment on the pretreated lemons by using a freeze dryer, (wherein the pre-freezing time is 5-5.5h, the temperature of a pre-freezing plate is-40 to-45 ℃, and the vacuum degree is maintained at about 5 Pa), crushing by using an ultrafine crusher to obtain ultrafine lemon freeze-dried powder, and carrying out sealed moisture-proof packaging;

step two, preparing sweet potato dry powder: selecting fresh sweet potatoes without deterioration, carrying out pretreatment such as cleaning and slicing (thickness of 0.2-0.3 cm), drying by using an oven, drying for 10-30 minutes at 105 ℃, drying for 8-10 hours to constant weight at 80 ℃, crushing by using a vacuum crusher to obtain dry sweet potato powder, and carrying out sealed moisture-proof packaging;

step three, preparing the high-moisture alfalfa ensiling compound additive: respectively weighing 20 parts of 40% anhydrous calcium chloride powder, 50 parts of sweet potato dry powder and 30 parts of lemon freeze-dried powder, wherein the allowable error of each component is +/-2%, and then uniformly mixing to obtain the high-moisture alfalfa silage composite additive for later use.

The invention discloses a using method of the high-moisture alfalfa ensiling compound additive, which comprises the following steps:

firstly, harvesting alfalfa raw materials by adopting an ensiling combined harvester with a stalk fracturing function in the early flowering stage of alfalfa, cutting the alfalfa raw materials into pieces with the length of 1.5-2.0cm, and recording the weight of the raw materials at any time;

secondly, pouring the harvested alfalfa raw materials into an ensiling cellar, and flattening by using an ensiling machine, wherein the flattening thickness is 10-15 cm; weighing the high-moisture alfalfa ensiling compound additive with the weight of 8-10% of the weight of the alfalfa raw materials when weighing, and uniformly spraying the compound additive on the flattened alfalfa raw materials by using a spraying machine;

thirdly, compacting the alfalfa raw materials by using a special kiln pressing machine or a suitable alternative machine, wherein the compaction density is controlled to be 600kg/m³-650kg/m³(ii) a And repeating the steps until the ensiling cellar is filled up.

And fourthly, covering and sealing the top of the filled ensilage cellar by using an ensilage black and white film, and compacting.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a high-moisture alfalfa ensiling compound additive and a using method thereof, which effectively realize the effective regulation of the water content and the soluble sugar content of a high-moisture alfalfa ensiling raw material and the light and simplified addition of the ensiling additive through the application of the high-moisture alfalfa ensiling compound additive, inhibit butyric acid fermentation and protein degradation in the high-moisture alfalfa ensiling process, reduce the loss of dry matters and nutrients in the ensiling process, and obviously improve the quality of the ensiling feed of the high-moisture alfalfa ensiling.

The alfalfa silage prepared by the method has good color, smell and state, excellent fermentation quality, basically no butyric acid detected, less loss of dry matters and nutrient substances, improved palatability and digestibility, good feeding effect and safe, high-quality and high-efficiency realization of high-moisture alfalfa silage and feeding utilization. Therefore, the method effectively solves the problems of high water content and low soluble sugar content of the high-moisture alfalfa silage raw material, inconvenience in adding silage additives in subsequent processing, serious butyric acid fermentation and protein degradation in the silage process, low silage quality and the like, and has great significance for guiding the production of alfalfa silage.

The method is economical and effective, is easy to operate, can be applied to all alfalfa production areas in China, and has important application value for solving the problems of difficult harvesting and processing, large loss, poor quality, high cost and the like of alfalfa hay and low-moisture alfalfa silage in China in rainy season and realizing quality improvement and efficiency improvement of high-moisture alfalfa silage.

The independently researched and developed high-moisture alfalfa ensiling compound additive with the functions of reducing water, increasing sugar, proliferating lactic acid bacteria, inhibiting butyric acid fermentation, degrading protein and the like and the use method thereof are the key for realizing the quality improvement and the efficiency improvement of the high-moisture alfalfa ensiling.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The method is a conventional method unless otherwise specified. The starting materials are commercially available from the open literature unless otherwise specified. The technical scheme of the invention is illustrated by taking high-moisture alfalfa silage as an example.