阅读说明：本技术 一种含饲料桑的精制饲料、肉牛饲料及其应用 (Refined feed containing feed mulberry, beef cattle feed and application of feed ) 是由 何力 黄江丽 圣平 王东升 张国华 张志红 计少石 于 2020-06-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种含饲料桑的精制饲料、肉牛饲料及其应用,属于饲料技术领域。含饲料桑的精制饲料,包括以下重量份的组分：饲料桑2～7份、玉米8.5～11份、小麦麸12～15份、豆粕1～1.5份、小苏打0.05～0.1份、食盐0.03～0.06份和预混料0.5～0.8份。本发明提供了包含所述精制饲料的肉牛饲料。饲料桑的添加替代质量百分含量10～30％的部分精制饲料成分,降低生产成本的同时提高桑树利用度,饲喂肉牛后,可提高瘤胃内微生物活性,促进氨态氮转变为菌体蛋白,可提高瘤胃内总挥发性脂肪酸的产量和饲料消化率,实现改善肉牛生产性能和提高饲料利用率的目的。(The invention provides a refined feed containing feed mulberry, a beef cattle feed and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of feeds. The refined feed containing the feed mulberry comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-7 parts of feed mulberry, 8.5-11 parts of corn, 12-15 parts of wheat bran, 1-1.5 parts of soybean meal, 0.05-0.1 part of baking soda, 0.03-0.06 part of salt and 0.5-0.8 part of premix. The invention provides a beef cattle feed containing the refined feed. The feed mulberry is added to replace part of refined feed ingredients with the mass percentage content of 10-30%, the production cost is reduced, the utilization rate of mulberry is improved, after the feed is fed to beef cattle, the activity of microorganisms in rumens can be improved, the ammonia nitrogen is promoted to be converted into mycoprotein, the yield of total volatile fatty acid in rumens and the feed digestibility can be improved, and the purposes of improving the production performance of the beef cattle and improving the feed utilization rate are achieved.)

1. The refined feed containing the feed mulberry is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:

2-7 parts of feed mulberry, 8.5-11 parts of corn, 12-15 parts of wheat bran, 1-1.5 parts of soybean meal, 0.05-0.1 part of baking soda, 0.03-0.06 part of salt and 0.5-0.8 part of premix.

2. The refined feed of claim 1, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 2.7 parts of feed mulberry, 10.6 parts of corn, 14.52 parts of wheat bran, 1.31 parts of soybean meal, 0.09 part of baking soda, 0.05 part of salt and 0.73 part of premix.

3. The refined feed of claim 1, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 6.92 parts of feed mulberry, 8.96 parts of corn, 12.28 parts of wheat bran, 1.11 parts of soybean meal, 0.08 part of baking soda, 0.04 part of salt and 0.61 part of premix.

4. The refined feed of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the feed mulberry is a heavy metal-resistant feed mulberry; the concentration of chromium in the heavy metal resistant feed mulberry is lower than 4.32mg/kg, and the content of cadmium is lower than 0.40 mg/kg.

5. The refined feed of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each kilogram of the premix contains 50 million U of vitamin A and D of vitamin D₃8 million U, vitamin E2000IU, 80g of nicotinic acid, Cu 2g, Fe 10g, Mn 8g, Zn 6g, Se0.02g, I0.1g and Co 0.02 g.

6. A feed mulberry-containing beef cattle feed comprising a refined feed and a roughage, characterized in that the refined feed is the refined feed of any one of claims 1 to 5;

based on the mass of the beef cattle feed as 100%, the mass percentage of the refined feed is 20% -30%, and the mass percentage of the coarse feed is 70% -80%.

7. The beef cattle feed of claim 6, wherein the refined feed comprises 30% by mass and the coarse feed comprises 70% by mass, based on 100% by mass of the beef cattle feed.

8. The beef cattle feed of claim 6 or 7, wherein the roughage comprises peanut vine.

9. Use of the refined feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the feed according to any one of claims 6 to 8 for feeding beef cattle.

10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the production evaluation index of beef cattle raising comprises improvement of intratumoral microbial activity, promotion of conversion of ammonia nitrogen into mycoprotein, improvement of total volatile fatty acid yield and improvement of feed digestibility.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a refined feed containing feed mulberry, a beef cattle feed and application thereof.

Background

The geochemical survey projects of multiple target areas in the country have found that the soil in local areas is seriously polluted. Mercury-lead anomalies are prevalent in cities and their surroundings. Researches prove that heavy metal elements such as cadmium, mercury and the like have close relation with human pollution. The heavy metal elements are obviously enriched on the surface layer of the soil and have close correlation with densely populated areas and mining areas. Therefore, it is urgent to control new pollution and effectively treat heavy metals that have historically accumulated in the soil. At present, hyper-enriched plants have become a research hotspot in various technologies for relieving or repairing heavy metal pollution. According to the research of the scientific research institute of silkworm and mulberry in Hunan province, the mulberry is a heavy metal high-adsorption plant and an important selection variety for the improvement of heavy metal pollution farmland farming. Cadmium in mulberry plant tissues is mainly deposited on roots and stems, while the deposition amount of branches and leaves is very low, and the content of the cadmium meets the national feed sanitation standard (GB 13078-2001). The distribution characteristics show that the rhizome is industrially utilized, secondary pollution is not formed, and the method plays an important role in repairing polluted land; the mulberry leaves as the livestock and poultry feed are safe in feeding quality. Therefore, the mulberry seeds are used for treating the dirt and are used for feeding the livestock, and the safety of the mulberry seeds and the livestock is reliable.

The feed mulberry has high yield, rich nutrition and high feeding value, and has a great potential of developing functional feed resources. Research shows that the mulberry leaves have dry matter content of about 25%, crude protein content in the dry matter of 19-23%, similar protein content to that of most leguminous pasture, high amino acid content and rich varieties, so that the mulberry leaves are called a good protein feed. The feed mulberry is used for animal husbandry production, which is beneficial to the animals to grow faster and healthier, so that more and safer animal products can be provided for human beings. At present, mulberry as a feed is introduced and cultivated all over the country, and has good growth vigor. Farmhouses and small-sized breeding farms can use methods such as fermentation ensiling, salt leaching, water storage, drying and crushing to prepare the mulberry feed for feeding livestock; in the region with concentrated feed mulberry resources, mulberry leaf protein feed enterprises can be established to carry out industrialized production of mulberry leaf protein. The leaf protein has higher nutritive value than cereal protein, lower cost than animal protein, good water retention, emulsifying property and gel forming property, and high solubility, and can be widely used as protein feed for livestock and poultry. In conclusion, mulberry, whether fresh or after further processing, can be used as a substitute for commercial feed for animals. The feed mulberry has wide application prospect in modern animal husbandry after dehydration, drying and further processing. Intensive cultivation, mechanized harvesting and further processing (such as milling, granulating, briquetting, baling, etc.) of mulberry fodder have also been started to varying degrees in foreign countries such as costa rica, mexico and italy for marketing outside farms and for additive application in commercial compound feeds. The high yield and good quality of mulberry feed is enough to prove that the method is a feasible way.

However, the application of the mulberry feed in the feed is characterized in that the usage amount of the mulberry feed in the feed is critical, and in practical application, a proper feeding proportion is determined according to different types of livestock and poultry, so that negative effects are avoided. In general, in the daily ration of the domestic fowls, the addition proportion of the mulberry leaf powder is preferably not more than 5%; in the aquaculture, the adding amount of the powder is within 10 percent; for the omnivorous livestock such as pigs, the adding proportion is controlled within 20 percent, and the feed can be added in powder, fed by fresh leaves and used after ensiling and fermentation; for herbivorous animals such as cattle and sheep, the addition proportion can reach 10-25% without adverse effect on production performance, and the herbivorous animals can be fed fresh and ensiled. However, the nutritional requirements of cattle in different growth stages or different uses are different, and no research on the dosage and nutritional ratio of feed mulberry in beef cattle feed exists at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a refined feed containing mulberry, a beef cattle feed and an application thereof, which can satisfy the nutrition required by the growth of beef cattle and reduce the production cost.

The invention provides a refined feed containing feed mulberry, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:

2-7 parts of feed mulberry, 8.5-11 parts of corn, 12-15 parts of wheat bran, 1-1.5 parts of soybean meal, 0.05-0.1 part of baking soda, 0.03-0.06 part of salt and 0.5-0.8 part of premix.

Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2.7 parts of feed mulberry, 10.6 parts of corn, 14.52 parts of wheat bran, 1.31 parts of soybean meal, 0.09 part of baking soda, 0.05 part of salt and 0.73 part of premix.

Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6.92 parts of feed mulberry, 8.96 parts of corn, 12.28 parts of wheat bran, 1.11 parts of soybean meal, 0.08 part of baking soda, 0.04 part of salt and 0.61 part of premix.

Preferably, the feed mulberry is a heavy metal resistant feed mulberry; the concentration of chromium in the heavy metal resistant feed mulberry is lower than 4.32mg/kg, and the content of cadmium is lower than 0.40 mg/kg.

Preferably, each kilogram of the premix contains 50 million U of vitamin A and D of vitamin D₃8 million U, 2000IU of vitamin E, 80g of nicotinic acid, 2g of Cu, 10g of Fe, 8g of Mn, 6g of Zn, 0.02g of Se, 0.1g of I and 0.02g of Co.

The invention provides a beef cattle feed containing mulberry, which comprises a refined feed and a coarse feed, wherein the refined feed is the refined feed;

based on the mass of the beef cattle feed as 100%, the mass percentage of the refined feed is 20% -30%, and the mass percentage of the coarse feed is 70% -80%.

Preferably, the mass percentage of the refined feed is 30% and the mass percentage of the coarse feed is 70% based on 100% of the mass of the beef cattle feed.

Preferably, the roughage comprises peanut vine.

The invention provides the application of the refined feed or the beef cattle feed in beef cattle feeding.

Preferably, the production evaluation indexes of beef cattle raising comprise the improvement of intratumoral microbial activity, the promotion of ammonia nitrogen conversion into mycoprotein, the improvement of total volatile fatty acid yield and the improvement of feed digestibility.

The invention provides a refined feed containing feed mulberry, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-7 parts of feed mulberry, 8.5-11 parts of corn, 12-15 parts of wheat bran, 1-1.5 parts of soybean meal, 0.05-0.1 part of baking soda, 0.03-0.06 part of salt and 0.5-0.8 part of premix. The feed mulberry is used for replacing the refined feed ingredients according to the mass percentage of 10-30%, compared with the feed mulberry used for replacing the coarse feed in the prior art, the production cost of the feed is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the refined feed containing the feed mulberry and the coarse feed are matched for feeding the beef cattle, so that the nutrient ingredients required by the growth of the beef cattle can be effectively met.

Furthermore, the invention limits the feed mulberry to be heavy metal resistant feed mulberry, and the content of heavy metal is lower than the national feed sanitary standard (GB13078-2001), thereby not generating secondary pollution and realizing the maximum utilization degree of the mulberry.

The invention provides a beef cattle feed containing mulberry, which comprises a refined feed and a coarse feed, wherein the refined feed is the refined feed; based on the mass of the beef cattle feed as 100%, the mass percentage of the refined feed is 25% -35%, and the mass percentage of the coarse feed is 65% -75%. Digestion tests prove that after the beef cattle are pre-fed for 14 days, the rumen mycoprotein of the beef cattle in the feed mulberry group is obviously higher than that of a control group, and the ammonia nitrogen is obviously lower than that of the control group, which shows that the feed mulberry can obviously improve the activity of microorganisms in the rumen and promote the ammonia nitrogen to be converted into mycoprotein, and when the feed mulberry is added in an amount of 10%, the yield of 5.4% of total volatile fatty acid in the rumen can be improved, and the feed digestibility is improved by 3.7%.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a refined feed containing feed mulberry, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-7 parts of feed mulberry, 8.5-11 parts of corn, 12-15 parts of wheat bran, 1-1.5 parts of soybean meal, 0.05-0.1 part of baking soda, 0.03-0.06 part of salt and 0.5-0.8 part of premix.

According to the invention, the feed mulberry replaces 10-30% of components in conventional refined feed, so that the production cost can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, the feed mulberry is added, so that the activity of microorganisms in rumens is improved, the conversion of ammonia nitrogen into mycoprotein is promoted, the yield of total volatile fatty acids in rumens is increased, and the feed digestibility is improved.

In the present invention, the refined feed containing feed mulberry preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2.7 parts of feed mulberry, 10.6 parts of corn, 14.52 parts of wheat bran, 1.31 parts of soybean meal, 0.09 part of baking soda, 0.05 part of salt and 0.73 part of premix, and in another embodiment, the feed preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6.92 parts of feed mulberry, 8.96 parts of corn, 12.28 parts of wheat bran, 1.11 parts of soybean meal, 0.08 part of baking soda, 0.04 part of salt and 0.61 part of premix.

In the invention, the feed mulberry is preferably heavy metal resistant feed mulberry; the concentration of chromium in the heavy metal resistant feed mulberry is lower than 4.32mg/kg, the cadmium content is lower than 0.40mg/kg, the chromium concentration and the cadmium content are both lower than the Cr5.00mg/kg and Cd 1.00mg/kg of the national feed sanitation standard (GB13078-2001), and secondary pollution cannot be generated.

In the invention, each kilogram of the premix contains 50 million U of vitamin A and D of vitamin D₃8 million U, vitamin E2000IU, 80g of nicotinic acid, Cu 2g, Fe 10g, Mn 8g, Zn 6g, Se0.02g, I0.1g and Co 0.02 g. The premix has the function of supplementing trace mineral elements and various vitamins.

The sources of the feed mulberry, corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, baking soda, salt and premix are not particularly limited, and those well known in the art can be used.

In the present invention, the method for preparing the refined feed containing mulberry preferably comprises the following steps:

mixing the feed mulberry, corn, wheat bran and soybean meal, and uniformly mixing the obtained mixture with baking soda, salt and premix to obtain the refined feed.

Based on the excellent characteristics of the refined feed containing the feed mulberry, the invention also provides the beef cattle feed containing the feed mulberry, which comprises the refined feed and coarse feed, wherein the refined feed is the refined feed; based on the mass of the beef cattle feed as 100%, the mass percentage of the refined feed is 20% -30%, and the mass percentage of the coarse feed is 60% -70%.

In the present invention, the mass percentage of the refined feed is preferably 30% and the mass percentage of the roughage is preferably 70% based on 100% of the mass of the beef cattle feed.

In the invention, when the total mass of the beef cattle feed is 100, the mass percentage of each component is as follows: 2.7% of feed mulberry, 70% of peanut vine, 10.6% of corn, 14.52% of wheat bran, 1.31% of soybean meal, 0.09% of baking soda, 0.05% of salt and 0.73% of premix. The nutrition level of the formula is counted as follows: 89.27% of dry matter, 4.98MJ/kg of comprehensive net energy, 11.77% of crude protein, 1.75% of calcium and 0.20% of phosphorus.

When the total mass of the beef cattle feed is 100, the mass percentage of each component is as follows: 70% of peanut vine, 8.96% of corn, 12.28% of wheat bran, 1.11% of soybean meal, 0.08% of baking soda, 0.04% of salt and 0.61% of premix. The nutritional level is as follows: 89.1% of dry matter, 5.01MJ/kg of comprehensive net energy, 11.63% of crude protein, 1.70% of calcium and 0.21% of phosphorus. The nutrition level of the formula is counted as follows: 89.55% of dry matter, 4.95MJ/kg of comprehensive net energy, 11.99% of crude protein, 1.86% of calcium and 0.17% of phosphorus.

The kind of the roughage is not particularly limited in the present invention, and any kind of roughage known in the art may be used, for example, rice straw, wheat straw, corn leaf, peanut vine, etc., in the present embodiment, the feeding result of beef cattle feed is illustrated by peanut vine.

The invention provides the application of the refined feed or the beef cattle feed in beef cattle feeding.

In the present invention, the feeding amount and feeding method of the refined feed or the beef cattle feed are not particularly limited, and a feeding method of beef cattle feed well known in the art may be used.

In the present invention, the production evaluation index of beef cattle raising preferably includes improvement of intratumoral microbial activity, promotion of conversion of ammonia nitrogen into mycoprotein, improvement of total volatile fatty acid yield and improvement of feed digestibility.

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.