阅读说明：本技术 一种阳新湖蒿-绿肥轮作方法 (Yangxin lake wormwood-green manure rotation method ) 是由 康薇 高先爱 张舒 徐顺文 明安淮 李一和 于 2020-12-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种阳新湖蒿-绿肥轮作方法。阳新湖蒿采收结束后,迎茬种植绿肥作物黄豆、玉米,阳新湖蒿与绿肥作物的配置模式为：阳新湖蒿与黄豆、玉米轮作,黄豆、玉米采用间作方式种植。该轮作方法具有减少化肥施用量、增加土壤有机质、提高阳新湖蒿产量和增加种植收入的有益效果。(The invention relates to a rotation method of Yangxin lake wormwood-green manure. After harvesting of Yangxin lake wormwood, planting green manure crops such as soybean and corn in the first crop, wherein the configuration mode of Yanxinlake wormwood and green manure crops is as follows: the Yangxin lake wormwood is crop-rotated with soybean and corn, and the soybean and corn are planted in an intercropping manner. The rotation method has the beneficial effects of reducing the application amount of the fertilizer, increasing the organic matters of the soil, improving the yield of the Yangxin lake wormwood and increasing the planting income.)

1. A Yanxinhu artemisia-green manure rotation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is characterized in that the green manure crops of corn and soybean are planted in the vacant season between two Yangxin lake wormwood seasons, and the configuration mode of the Yanxinlake wormwood and the green manure crops is as follows: the Yangxin lake wormwood is crop-rotated with soybean and corn, and the soybean and corn are intercropped.

2. A Yanxinhu artemisia-green manure rotation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the working process is as follows:

(1) base fertilizer application and soil preparation: in the last ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months, after the harvest of Yangxin lake wormwood is finished, applying base fertilizer, preparing soil and opening the box;

(2) sowing green manure: corn and soybean adopt an intercropping mode, and three lines of soybeans are planted between two lines of corn;

(3) green manure ploughing: in the last 6 th to last 7 th month, deeply turning over the soybeans for 1-2 times by using a rotary cultivator in the pod setting period or the corn flowering period, turning over the corns and the soybean green grass into the soil, and then keeping a shallow water layer to naturally ferment the green manure crops in the soil for 10-15 days;

(4) base fertilizer application and soil preparation: in the middle and late ten days of 7 months, before sowing and planting the Yangxin lake wormwood, applying base fertilizer, then deeply ploughing by using a rotary cultivator for 1 time, wherein the depth of a coulter is 7-10cm, and preparing soil; making wide and flat ridges, and installing drip irrigation belts (pipes) between the ridges;

(5) preparing a seed section; selecting strong and healthy Yangxin lake wormwood aged stems without damage of diseases and insects, using garden pruning shears disinfected by alcohol, and shearing stems with tender tips at the top and roots cut off into seeding stem sections with the length of 3-5cm and 2-3 sections;

(6) sowing: in the first and middle ten days of 8 months, the patient presses 35-40 pieces/m²Sowing stem segments, then shallow ploughing for 1 time by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the depth of a coulter is 4-7cm, and then carrying out drip irrigation and watering, wherein the condition that the surface of a furrow is wet and water cannot be found is suitable; after the ridge surface is dried, the herbicide is used for sealing and preventing the pre-emergence weeds; if the rain falls, the stains are timely drained;

(7) seedling lifting and root promoting: 7-10 days after sowing, combining transplanting thinning and artificial weeding, applying a first seedling-extracting fertilizer; then, drip irrigation rooting fertilizer to promote root growth;

(8) cutting in the same place and regenerating with remained roots: in the last and middle ten days of 11 months, selecting sunny days, harvesting and crushing the Yangxin lake wormwood plants in the same ground (close to the ridge surfaces) by using a straw harvesting and crushing machine, uniformly distributing the plants on the ridge surfaces, and keeping the rhizome parts intact;

(9) promoting buds and extracting seedlings: drip irrigation with aqueous solution of NAA 0.01-0.05mg/kg +6-BA 0.05-0.1mg/kg to promote rhizome germination; applying a second seedling-extracting fertilizer when more than 70-80% of the roots grow to be about 3-5cm long;

(10) covering a shed: in the middle and late ten days of 11 months, covering a shed film when the temperature is lower than 10 ℃ at night or before first frost, controlling the temperature in the shed to be 20-25 ℃ during sunny days, and opening shed doors at two ends for ventilation when the temperature is high at noon;

(11) harvesting: in the middle and late 12 months, when most of tender stems of Yangxin lake wormwood are 15-25cm long, the heart leaves at the top end are not unfolded and the color is light green, the harvesting is started.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the fields of horticulture and vegetable crop cultivation, and relates to a Yangxin lake wormwood-green manure rotation method.

Background

Artemisia selengensis is a characteristic vegetable with homology of medicine and food, and is planted in various parts of China. Yangxin lake artemisia is a good local artemisia selengensis variety produced in Yanxin county of Hubei province, the annual planting area of the local artemisia selengensis exceeds 2 ten thousand mu, and the Yanxinhu artemisia selengensis has been developed into the local special agricultural post industry. The Yanxinhu wormwood is generally sowed in the middle and late days of 7 months each year, harvesting is finished from 3 late months to the first ten days of April in the next year, and an empty growing season of nearly 3 months is reserved in the middle. In addition, in order to pursue yield, chemical fertilizers are commonly applied in the planting process of the Yangxin artemisia lake, so that soil of the artemisia field is hardened and acidified more and more seriously, the content of organic matters is low, and the yield and the quality of the Yangxin artemisia are influenced.

Aiming at the problems, the invention explores a Yangxin lake wormwood-green manure rotation method, and plants green manure by utilizing the vacant growing season between two-season Yangxin lake wormwood production, thereby achieving the purposes of improving soil, improving yield and fully utilizing arable land resources.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a Yangxin lake wormwood-green manure rotation technology which can reduce the application amount of chemical fertilizers, increase the organic matters of soil, improve the yield and increase the planting income of Yangxin lake wormwood.

A Yangxin lake wormwood-green manure crop rotation method is characterized in that green manure crops, namely corn and soybean, are planted in vacant seasons between two Yangxin lake wormwood seasons, and the configuration mode of the Yanxinlake wormwood and the green manure crops is as follows: yangxin lake wormwood is crop rotation with green manure crop, soybean is crop rotation with corn (see figure 1).

A Yangxin lake wormwood-green manure rotation method comprises the following steps:

s1, base fertilizer application and soil preparation. And in the last ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months, applying base fertilizer, preparing soil and opening the box after the Yangxin lake wormwood is harvested.

And S2, sowing seeds. The corn and the soybean adopt an intercropping mode, namely: three-row soybeans are planted between two rows of corns (see the attached figure 1). Before sowing, the weed is sealed and controlled by herbicide.

And S3, ploughing green manure. In the last 7 months of 6 months, in the pod bearing period or the flowering period of the soybeans, deeply turning over 1-2 times by using a rotary cultivator, ploughing the green manure crops, namely the corns and the yellow bean green standing grains into the soil, immediately irrigating the soil to submerge the surface soil, and maintaining a shallow water layer to naturally ferment the green manure crops in the soil for 10-15 days.

S4, base fertilizer application and soil preparation. Before sowing the artemisia selengensis in the middle and last ten days of 7 months, applying base fertilizer, then deeply ploughing for 1 time by using a rotary cultivator, ploughing to the depth of 7-10cm, preparing soil, making wide and flat furrows (for covering a shed in the later period), and installing drip irrigation belts (pipes) between the furrows.

S5, preparing a seed section. Selecting strong-growing, disease and insect damage-free aged stems of Artemisia anomala as propagation materials, using alcohol-sterilized garden pruning shears, removing tender tips and roots at the top ends of the stems, and shearing the stems into seeding stem segments with the length of 3-5cm and 2-3 knots;

and S6, sowing the stem segments. In the first and middle ten days of 8 months, stem sections are sown in sunny days; the seeding rate of the stem segments is 35-40/m²(ii) a After sowing, shallow ploughing for 1 time by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the depth of a coulter is 4-7cm, and then irrigating once by drip irrigation, wherein the condition that the surface of a furrow is wet and water does not exist is preferably adopted; after the ridge surface is dried, the herbicide is used for sealing and preventing the pre-emergence weeds; if the rain falls, the stains are timely drained;

s7, seedling raising and root promoting. 7-10 days after sowing, combining transplanting thinning and artificial weeding, applying a first seedling-extracting fertilizer; then, drip irrigation rooting fertilizer to promote root growth;

s8: cutting in the same place and regenerating with remained root. In the last and middle ten days of 11 months, selecting sunny days, harvesting and crushing Yangxin artemisia plants growing in the field in the same ground (close to the ridge surfaces) by using a straw harvesting crusher, uniformly distributing the plants on the ridge surfaces, and keeping the rhizome parts intact;

s9: promoting bud and extracting seedling. Drip irrigation with aqueous solution of NAA 0.01-0.05mg/kg +6-BA 0.05-0.1mg/kg to promote rhizome germination; and applying a second seedling-lifting fertilizer when more than 70-80% of the rootstock shoots have the new buds of about 3-5 cm.

And S10, covering the shed. In the middle and late ten days of 11 months, the greenhouse film is covered when the temperature is lower than 10 ℃ at night or before first frost, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 20-25 ℃ in sunny days, and the greenhouse doors at two ends are opened for ventilation when the temperature is high in noon.

S11: and (6) harvesting. In the middle and late 12 months, when most of tender stems of Yangxin lake wormwood are 15-25cm long, the heart leaves at the top end are not unfolded and the color is light green, the harvesting is started.

According to the scheme, in S1: the base fertilizer is applied by 30kg of compound fertilizer (preferably N, P) per mu₂O₅、K₂O contains 12 percent of each component) is applied with enough base fertilizer at one time; the land preparation is to deeply plough the land for 2 times by a rotary cultivator; the width of the compartment is 1.8 m.

According to the scheme, in S2: the row spacing of the corn is 130cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, the row spacing of the soybean is 30cm, and the plant spacing is 6 cm; corn and soybean are sowed in holes, 2-3 grains in each hole.

According to the scheme, in S3: the depth of the coulter is 7-10 cm.

According to the scheme, 25-45kg of compound fertilizer is applied per mu as base fertilizer in S4.

According to the scheme, in S7: applying 10-20 kg/mu of urea for the first time of applying the seedling-lifting fertilizer; the drop application of the rooting fertilizer comprises the following steps: after 10-15kg of water-soluble rootlets are mixed with 1500kg of water uniformly, the mixture is dripped along with a drip irrigation tape.

According to the scheme, in S9: the second time of applying the fertilizer for seedling raising is that 10-20 kg/mu of urea is applied.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. and the soil fertility is increased. When the method is adopted for planting the artemisia anomala, the organic matter of soil is increased by 5.7 percent.

2. Reducing the application amount of the fertilizer. By adopting the method for planting artemisia selengensis, the urea consumption per mu is reduced by 20kg, and the cost is saved by 40 yuan; the dosage of the mu ping compound fertilizer is reduced by 15kg, and the cost is saved by 37.5 yuan. Total saving of fertilizer cost is 77.5 yuan/mu.

3. The yield is increased. By adopting the method for planting the artemisia selengensis, the yield of the artemisia selengensis is increased by 250kg per mu, and the income is increased by 2077.5 yuan per mu.

4. Saving cost and improving efficiency. By adopting the method for planting artemisia selengensis, the fertilizer cost can be saved by 77.5 yuan/mu, the income of artemisia selengensis can be increased by 2000 yuan per mu, and the cost is saved and the income is increased by 2077.5/mu in total.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a mode of intercropping of green manure crop corn and soybean.

Detailed Description

For a better understanding of the present invention, the contents of the present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples, but the contents of the present invention are not limited to the following examples.

Example 1:

a Yangxin lake wormwood-green manure crop rotation method is characterized in that green-fed silage corn variety Huayu No. 2 and soybean fine variety Hubei No. 6 are used as green manure crops, Yanxinlake wormwood and 'corn + soybean' crop rotation are carried out, after harvesting of Yanxinlake wormwood is finished, corn and soybean are planted in the crop-first mode, and the corn and the soybean adopt an intercropping mode; in late 3 months, after the Yangxin lake wormwood is harvested, 30 kg/mu compound fertilizer (N, P)₂O₅、K₂12% each of O); deeply ploughing the land mass for 2 times by using a rotary cultivator, opening the land mass according to 1.8 meters, spraying closed pre-emergence weeds with 150ml of acetochlor per mu mixed with 45kg of water; sowing three lines of soybeans between two lines of corns, wherein the line spacing of the corns is 130cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, the line spacing of the soybeans is 30cm, the plant spacing is 6cm, and 2 soybeans are planted in each hole; the seeding area is 15 mu; in the last 6 th to last 7 th month, in the pod bearing period or the flowering period of the soybeans, deeply turning over the soybeans for 1 time (the depth of a coulter is 7cm) by using a rotary cultivator, turning over the corns and the yellow bean green standing grains into the soil, and then keeping a shallow water layer to naturally ferment the green manure crops in the soil for 10 days. In 7 middle ten days of the month (before sowing Yangxin lake wormwood), compound fertilizer is applied per mu ((N, P)₂O₅、K₂O12% each) 25 kg; after applying the base fertilizer, deeply ploughing for 1 time by using a rotary cultivator; making flat furrows with the width of 10 meters, and installing drip irrigation belts between the furrows; in 8 middle ten days of the month, preparing 3cm long stem sections with 2 nodes by using aged stems of artemisia anomala; sowing stem segments in the sunny day, wherein the sowing quantity of the stem segments is 35/m²(ii) a After sowing, shallow ploughing for 1 time by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the depth of a coulter is 4cm, and then carrying out drip irrigation and watering once, wherein the condition that the surface of a furrow is wet and does not see water is preferred; after the ridge surface is dried, 60ml of 72 percent Douer per mu is added with 50kg of water to seal and prevent the pre-emergence weeds; half a month after sowing, 10kg of urea is applied per mu to lift the seedlings (for the first time); in the last 11 th month, harvesting and crushing Yangxin artemisia plants growing in the field in the same land (close to the surface of the furrows) by using a straw harvesting crusher to uniformly distribute the plants on the surface of the furrows and keep the rhizome parts of the plants complete; when more than 70% of the rootstock parts emit new buds with the length of about 3cm, applying 10kg of urea per mu for seedling lifting (the second time); covering a shed film in the middle ten days of the month 11; 12 in the middle of the month, great majority of Dahao Xin Cheng HaoCollecting tender stem when the tender stem is 15-25cm long, top heart leaf is not unfolded, and color is light green, measuring yield, measuring soil organic matter content, and comparing different compound fertilizer and urea usage amount (see Table 1 for details)

Example 2:

a Yangxin lake wormwood-green manure crop rotation method is characterized in that green-fed silage corn variety Huayu No. 2 and soybean fine variety Hubei No. 6 are used as green manure crops, Yanxinlake wormwood and 'corn + soybean' crop rotation are carried out, after harvesting of Yanxinlake wormwood is finished, corn and soybean are planted in the crop-first mode, and the corn and the soybean adopt an intercropping mode; in last ten days of 4 months, 30kg of compound fertilizer (N, P kg) is broadcast to each mu after the Yangxin lake wormwood is harvested₂O₅、K₂12% each of O); deep ploughing with a rotary cultivator for 2 times, cutting according to 1.8 m, spraying closed pre-emergence grass with 150ml of acetochlor per mu mixed with 45kg of water; sowing three lines of soybeans between two lines of corns, wherein the line spacing of the corns is 130cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, the line spacing of the soybeans is 30cm, the plant spacing is 6cm, and 3 soybeans are planted in each hole; the seeding area is 15 mu; in the last 6 th to last 7 th month, in the pod bearing period of soybean or the flowering period of corn, deeply ploughing the soybean and the soybean green grass for 2 times (the depth of a coulter is 7-10cm), ploughing the corn and the soybean green grass into the soil, and then keeping a shallow water layer to naturally ferment the green manure crops in the soil for 15 days. In late 7 th month (before sowing Yangxin lake wormwood), compound fertilizer is applied per mu (N, P)₂O₅、K₂O each 12%) 35 kg; after applying the base fertilizer, deeply ploughing for 1 time by using a rotary cultivator; making flat furrows with the width of 10 meters (for covering a shed in the later period), and installing drip irrigation pipes between the furrows; preparing a 5cm long stem section with 3 nodes from the aged stems of the artemisia anomala in 8 th last ten days; sowing stem segments in the sunny day, wherein the sowing quantity of the stem segments is 40/m²(ii) a After sowing, shallow ploughing for 1 time by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the depth of a coulter is 7cm, and then irrigating once by drip irrigation, wherein the condition that the surface of a furrow is wet and water does not exist is preferably adopted; after the ridge surface is dried, 60ml of 72 percent Douer per mu is added with 50kg of water to seal and prevent the pre-emergence weeds; sowing half a month, applying 15kg of urea per mu, and lifting seedlings (for the first time); in the middle of 11 months, harvesting and crushing Yangxin lake wormwood plants growing in the field in the same land (close to the ridge surface) by using a straw harvesting and crushing machine, so that the Yangxin lake wormwood plants are uniformly distributed on the ridge surface, and the rhizome parts are kept complete; when more than 80% of the roots grow to be about 5cm long, 15kg of urea is applied per mu to lift the seedlings (the second time); covering a shed film in the last ten days of 11 months; 12 late ten days of the month, as Yangxin lakeCollecting tender stems of Artemisia princeps when most tender stems are 15-25cm long, top heart leaves are not developed, and color is light green, measuring yield, measuring soil organic matter content, and comparing usage amount of different compound fertilizers and urea (see Table 1 for details)

Example 3:

a Yangxin lake wormwood-green manure crop rotation method is characterized in that green-fed silage corn variety Huayu No. 2 and soybean fine variety Hubei No. 6 are used as green manure crops, Yanxinlake wormwood and 'corn + soybean' crop rotation are carried out, after harvesting of Yanxinlake wormwood is finished, corn and soybean are planted in the crop-first mode, and the corn and the soybean adopt an intercropping mode; in last ten days of 4 months, 30 kg/mu compound fertilizer (N, P kg) is broadcast after the Yangxin lake wormwood is harvested₂O₅、K₂12% each of O); deep ploughing with a rotary cultivator for 2 times, cutting according to 1.8 m, spraying closed pre-emergence grass with 150ml of acetochlor per mu mixed with 45kg of water; sowing three lines of soybeans between two lines of corns, wherein the line spacing of the corns is 130cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, the line spacing of the soybeans is 30cm, the plant spacing is 6cm, and 3 soybeans are planted in each hole; the seeding area is 15 mu; in the last 6 th to last 7 th month, in the pod bearing period of soybean or the flowering period of corn, deeply turning over 1 time (depth of coulter is 7-10cm) by using a rotary cultivator, ploughing the corn and the yellow bean green standing grain into the soil, and then keeping a shallow water layer to naturally ferment the green manure crops in the soil for 15 days. In late 7 th month (before sowing Yangxin lake wormwood), compound fertilizer is applied per mu ((N, P)₂O₅、K₂O12% each) to 45 kg; after applying the base fertilizer, deeply ploughing for 1 time by using a rotary cultivator; making flat furrows with the width of 10 meters, and installing drip irrigation belts between the furrows; in 8 middle ten days of the month, preparing 5cm long stem sections with 3 nodes from aged stems of artemisia anomala; sowing stem segments in the sunny day, wherein the sowing quantity of the stem segments is 35/m²(ii) a After sowing, shallow ploughing for 1 time by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the depth of a coulter is 7cm, and then irrigating once by drip irrigation, wherein the condition that the surface of a furrow is wet and water does not exist is preferably adopted; after the ridge surface is dried, 60ml of 72 percent Douer per mu is added with 50kg of water to seal and prevent the pre-emergence weeds; sowing and applying 20kg of urea per mu in half a month for seedling lifting (for the first time); in the last 11 th month, harvesting and crushing Yangxin artemisia plants growing in the field in the same land (close to the surface of the furrows) by using a straw harvesting crusher to uniformly distribute the plants on the surface of the furrows and keep the rhizome parts of the plants complete; when more than 80% of the sprouts generated at the roots grow to about 5cm, 20kg of urea is applied per mu to lift the seedlings (the second time); covering a shed film in the last 12 th month ten days; in 1 last ten days of the year, as Yangxin lakeWhen most tender stems of the artemisia are 15-25cm long, heart leaves at the top end are not unfolded and the color is light green, the tender stems are collected, the yield is measured, the organic matter content of the soil is measured, and the difference of the use amount of different compound fertilizers and urea is compared (see table 1 for details).

Comparative example 1:

in late 3 months, after harvesting Yangxin lake wormwood, planting green manure and leaving the wormwood field idle. Deep ploughing the land mass with a rotary cultivator 1 time in the middle of 7 months, applying compound fertilizer in the late 7 months (before sowing Yangxin lake wormwood) (N, P)₂O₅、K₂O each 12%))

50 kg/mu; after applying base fertilizer, deep ploughing for 1 time by using a rotary cultivator; making flat furrows with the width of 10 meters, and installing drip irrigation belts between the furrows; preparing a stem section with the length of 5cm and 3 nodes by using an aged stem of the plant of the artemisia anomala in the middle ten days of 8 months; sowing stem segments in the sunny day, wherein the sowing quantity of the stem segments is 40/m²(ii) a After sowing, shallow ploughing for 1 time by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the depth of a coulter is 7cm, and then irrigating once by drip irrigation, wherein the condition that the surface of a furrow is wet and water does not exist is preferably adopted; after the ridge surface is dried, 60ml of 72 percent Douer per mu is added with 50kg of water to seal and prevent the pre-emergence weeds; sowing and applying 25kg of urea per mu in half a month for seedling lifting (for the first time); in the last 11 th month, harvesting and crushing Yangxin lake wormwood growing in the field in the same land (close to the surface of the ridge) by using a straw harvesting and crushing machine, uniformly scattering the Yangxin lake wormwood on the surface of the ridge, and keeping the root and stem parts of the plants complete; when more than 80% of the roots grow to be about 5cm long, 25kg of urea is applied per mu to lift the seedlings (the second time); covering a shed film in the last 12 th month ten days; in the last ten days of the next 1 month, when most tender stems of Yangxin lake wormwood are 15-25cm long, the heart leaves at the top end are not unfolded and the color is light green, tender stems are collected, the yield is measured, the organic matter content of the soil is measured, and the difference of the use amount of different compound fertilizers and urea is compared (see table 1 for details).

TABLE 1 beneficial effects of Yangxin lake wormwood-green manure crop rotation test

Note: 2.5 yuan/kg of compound fertilizer, 2 yuan/kg of urea and 8 yuan/kg of artemisia selengensis.

As can be seen from Table 1, compared with comparative example 1, the effects of example 1 and comparative example 1 are equivalent, the application amount of the compound fertilizer in examples 1-3 is reduced by 15kg per mu, the application amount of urea is reduced by 20kg per mu, the organic matter content of the soil is increased by 5.7%, the yield of the artemisia anomala is increased by 250kg per mu, and the cost per mu is saved and increased by 2077.5 yuan.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.