阅读说明：本技术 利用淡水螺类养殖净化水体的装置、网箱制备方法及水体净化方法 (Device for purifying water body by utilizing freshwater snail culture, net cage preparation method and water body purification method ) 是由 金武 闻海波 马学艳 吕国华 徐跑 顾若波 于 2021-08-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及利用淡水螺类养殖净化水体的装置、网箱制备方法及水体净化方法,装置包括网箱、浮球和水平延绳；网箱为柔性网箱,网箱的材料为PVC网片；网箱的顶部安装浮球,网箱和浮球为多组,根据水体的具体情况调整数量；网箱间隔放置于水域中,浮球采用水平延绳进行固定,水平延绳两端固定于锚定桩上；水平延绳为柔性绳。本发明的装置结构简单,制备及操作方法操作简便、成本较低、效益显著,螺类捕捞收获的劳动强度极大降低,装置的使用不受水体大小限制,适应范围更广,能够显著降低淡水螺类生态养殖成本,且能显著改善养殖区域水质。(The invention relates to a device for purifying a water body by utilizing freshwater snail breeding, a net cage preparation method and a water body purification method, wherein the device comprises a net cage, a floating ball and a horizontal extension rope; the net cage is a flexible net cage, and the net cage is made of a PVC net sheet; floating balls are arranged at the top of the net cages, the net cages and the floating balls are in multiple groups, and the number of the net cages and the floating balls is adjusted according to the specific condition of a water body; the net cages are placed in the water area at intervals, the floating balls are fixed by horizontal extension ropes, and two ends of each horizontal extension rope are fixed on the anchoring piles; the horizontal extension rope is a flexible rope. The device provided by the invention has the advantages that the structure is simple, the preparation and operation methods are simple and convenient to operate, the cost is lower, the benefit is obvious, the labor intensity for harvesting the snails is greatly reduced, the use of the device is not limited by the size of water bodies, the application range is wider, the cost for ecologically breeding the freshwater snails can be obviously reduced, and the water quality of a breeding area can be obviously improved.)

1. The utility model provides an utilize fresh water snail to breed device of purifying water which characterized in that: comprises a net cage (1), a floating ball (2) and a horizontal extension rope (3); the net cage (1) is a flexible net cage, and the net cage (1) is made of a flexible net sheet made of a non-toxic plastic material; floating balls (2) are arranged at the top of the net cage (1), the net cage (1) and the floating balls (2) are in multiple groups, and the number of the floating balls is adjusted according to the specific condition of a water body; the net cages (1) are placed in a water area at intervals, the floating balls (2) are fixed by horizontal extension ropes (3), and two ends of each horizontal extension rope (3) are fixed on anchoring piles; the horizontal extension rope (3) is a flexible rope.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the net cage (1) is made of one of PVC, PP and PE.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the net cage (1) is in a four-corner pyramid shape.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the horizontal distance between the net cages (1) is 100-150 cm, and the hanging and maintaining depth is 20-50 cm.

5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the height of the net cage (1) is 80-100 cm, the width of the upper bottom and the lower bottom is 40-50 cm, and the diameter of a mesh is 3-8 mm.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the fresh water snails comprise periwinkle snails and river snails.

7. The method for manufacturing a net cage according to claim 3, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) rolling the matrix flexible mesh into a cylinder shape and sewing the seam by using a rolling belt to form a flexible mesh cylinder;

(2) the first end of the cylinder of flexible mesh is sewn with a tape and the second end is sewn with a tape in a direction perpendicular to the direction of sewing of the first end, the first end seam being in perpendicular relation to the second end seam.

8. A method of effecting water purification using the apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) putting young snails into each net cage, and putting the young snails into a water body to be purified;

(2) artificial baits are not fed in the culture process, and the artificial baits grow by taking the natural baits in the water body;

(3) growing for 45-60 days, and increasing the weight of the freshwater snails;

(4) the depth of the floating ball is observed regularly, and the rotation of the catching are carried out.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein: in the step (4), slightly flapping the net cage during fishing to enable freshwater snails adsorbed on the side wall of the net cage to fall into the bottom of the net cage; opening a rolling belt from the bottom of the net cage, pouring the freshwater snails in the net cage onto a screen, screening the freshwater snails with proper specification for sale or processing, and putting the freshwater snails with insufficient specification into the net cage again; the vacant net cages are moved to another horizontal extension rope again, and fresh water snails in the same period are ensured in each net cage on each extension rope.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein: in the step (1), the aquaculture water body comprises a pond, a river channel and a lake.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a device for purifying a water body by utilizing freshwater snail culture, a net cage preparation method and a water body purification method.

Background

The common economic species of the freshwater snails comprise species of the genus periwinkle (square periwinkle snails, pear-shaped periwinkle snails, patina periwinkle snails, painted periwinkle snails and the like) and species of the genus periwinkle (northeast river snails, Chinese river snails, round river snails and the like), which are generally called snails, stone snails and the like. The species of the cyclospira and the viviparidae are widely distributed nationwide, the yield is high, the purposes are multiple, the feed is one of important baits of aquatic economic animals and part of waterfowls such as black carp, whitmania pigra, eriocheir sinensis, turtle and the like, and is one of the aquatic products very popular with the residents, so the feed is increasingly and widely concerned. As an important part of the ecosystem of a fresh water body, the freshwater snails are consumers and decomposers, filter and eat water plankton, lick organic debris in the environment and play an important role in controlling the deposition of organic matters in the water body environment, maintaining the function of the wetland and the like.

With the gradual deepening of the environmental and ecological protection concept, the direct fishing of freshwater snails from the wild environment has been completely forbidden. Meanwhile, the demands of river crab culture, snail powder processing, whitmania pigra culture and other special industries on snails are still high, and the supply and demand gaps are extremely large.

Chinese patent (CN112174334A) discloses a modular three-dimensional movable type freshwater mussel water quality purification device, which comprises a frame, a cage, floating balls, sliding rails and flexible ropes, wherein the frame is made of hard materials for transverse support and vertical support to form a plurality of layers of cage frame structures which are connected up and down; in the box cage frame structure of each layer, a sliding rail is arranged on a transverse support in the box cage frame structure and is used for placing a box cage in the frame; a floating ball is arranged at the end part of the transverse support at the uppermost layer of the frame; the bottom of the box cage is made of a hard plate, four surfaces and the top surface of the periphery of the box cage are made of water-permeable gridding surfaces, and sliding rails are arranged on two side surfaces of the box cage; the frame with the cage is placed in the water and fixed by flexible ropes. According to the technical scheme, the net cage is easy to collapse and needs to be supported by means of external force, the attachment base needs to be arranged, the manual strength for harvesting the snails in the net cage is high, the snails have a floating habit to cause the phenomenon that the cultured snails escape from the gap of the net cage, and the yield is low.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a device for purifying water by cultivating freshwater snails, a net cage preparation method and a water purification method, and the device is simple and convenient to operate, low in cost and remarkable in benefit.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a device for purifying water body by freshwater snail breeding comprises a net cage, a floating ball and a horizontal extension rope; the net cage is a flexible net cage, and the material of the net cage is a flexible net sheet made of non-toxic plastic materials; floating balls are arranged at the top of the net cages, the net cages and the floating balls are in multiple groups, and the number of the net cages and the floating balls is adjusted according to the specific condition of a water body; the net cages are placed in the water area at intervals, the floating balls are fixed by horizontal extension ropes, and two ends of each horizontal extension rope are fixed on the anchoring piles; the horizontal extension rope is a flexible rope.

Furthermore, the material of the net cage is one of PVC, PP and PE, and different materials can realize the hardness adjustment of the net sheet by adjusting the thickness of the net sheet.

Furthermore, the shape of the net cage is a four-corner pyramid.

Furthermore, the horizontal distance between the net cages is 100-150 cm, and the hanging and maintaining depth is 20-50 cm.

Furthermore, the height of the net cage is 80-100 cm, and the perimeter of the upper bottom and the lower bottom is 80-100 cm.

Furthermore, the mesh diameter of the net cage is 3-8 mm.

Further, the freshwater snails include periwinkle snails and viviparidae.

Further, the freshwater snails are one or more of square ring-shaped snails, pear-shaped ring-shaped snails, rusted ring-shaped snails, painted ring-shaped snails, northeast river snails, Chinese river snails and ball river snails.

Furthermore, in order to increase the culture yield of snails, 3-5 vertical surfaces can be added in the net cage to serve as attachment bases. The adhering base material can be PP, PVC and other safe and non-toxic materials. The size specification of the adhesion base is 50cm multiplied by 80 cm.

Further, the preparation method of the net cage comprises the following steps:

(1) rolling the matrix flexible mesh into a cylinder shape and sewing the seam by using a rolling belt to form a flexible mesh cylinder;

(2) the first end of the cylinder of flexible mesh is sewn with a tape and the second end is sewn with a tape in a direction perpendicular to the direction of sewing of the first end, the first end seam being in perpendicular relation to the second end seam.

Further, the method for purifying the water body by using the device comprises the following steps:

(1) manufacturing flexible net cages, sealing the lower ends of the flexible net cages, reserving a part of the upper ends of the flexible net cages, putting young snails into each net cage, sealing the net cages after the young snails are put into the net cages, putting the net cages into a water body to be purified, and putting 500 young snails of about 0.1g into each net cage;

(2) artificial baits are not fed in the culture process, and the artificial baits grow by taking the natural baits in the water body;

(3) after the growth of 45-60 days, the weight of the freshwater snails is increased to 500 g;

(4) the depth of the floating ball is observed regularly, and the rotation of the catching are carried out.

Further, in the step (4), slightly flapping the net cage during fishing to enable the freshwater snails adsorbed on the side wall of the net cage to fall into the bottom of the net cage; opening a rolling belt from the bottom of the net cage, pouring the freshwater snails in the net cage onto a screen, screening the freshwater snails with proper specification for sale or processing, and putting the freshwater snails with insufficient specification into the net cage again to be integrated into 50 g; the vacant net cages are moved to another horizontal extension rope again, and fresh water snails in the same period are ensured in each net cage on each extension rope.

Further, in the step (4), reasonable catching time of the freshwater snails is judged according to the sinking depth of the floating ball in the water, the freshwater snails can be caught after being completely sunk into the water, grading is carried out according to the size during catching, the freshwater snails which reach certain specifications are sold or processed on the market, and the freshwater snails which do not reach the specification requirements are re-distributed into the flexible net cage according to the same weight of the young snails.

Further, in the step (1), the aquaculture water body comprises a pond, a river channel and a lake.

According to the invention, the flexible net cage is selected as a culture container, the inner wall of the net cage is used as an attachment base for freshwater snails to inhabit life, and meanwhile, the flexibility of the net cage is utilized, so that the freshwater snails can fall to the bottom of the net cage only by slightly beating the wall of the net cage when being harvested, and part of a rolling belt at the bottom of the net cage is drawn out, so that the freshwater snails in a net line can be completely discharged, the labor intensity for harvesting the snails is greatly reduced, and the yield is remarkably improved.

According to the invention, the PVC net is selected to replace soft nets such as plastics or nylon in the prior art, so that the nets have a self-supporting effect and better rigidity, the net cage is ensured not to collapse, an activity space can be provided for snails resting at the bottom, overstock and death of the freshwater snails are avoided, meanwhile, the box body is in a four-corner pyramid shape, the problem that the cylindrical plastic or nylon net cage is easy to collapse is solved, and the problem that the snails have a floating habit to cause escape of cultured snails from gaps of the net cage is solved.

The invention can periodically check the growth and survival rate of the snails according to the depth of the floating ball, and is easy to observe and operate.

The device disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, the preparation and operation methods are simple and convenient to operate, the cost is lower, the benefit is obvious, the labor intensity for harvesting the snails is greatly reduced, the use of the device is not limited by the size of water bodies, the application range is wider, the ecological breeding cost of the freshwater snails can be obviously reduced, the water quality of a breeding area can be obviously improved, meanwhile, fishermen can be transferred and arranged to regularly carry out freshwater snail fishing, the re-employment of the fishermen in the re-production process is facilitated, and the economic benefit, the ecological benefit and the social benefit are obvious.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the device for purifying water by freshwater snail culture according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the net cage of the present invention.

In the drawings:

1. net cage 2, floating ball 3 and horizontal extension rope

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Example 1:

in a pond with the area of 5 mu (3335 square meters), 30 horizontal extension ropes of 100 meters are arranged, floating balls with the diameter of 10cm are fixed every 1 meter, and 3000 flexible net cages are hung below each floating ball. The net cages are made of flexible net sheets made of pvc materials, the net cages are in a four-corner pyramid shape, the horizontal distance between every two net cages is 100cm, the hanging depth is 20cm, the height of each net cage is 100cm, the circumference of the upper bottom and the lower bottom of each net cage is 100cm, and the diameter of each net mesh is 3 mm.

The preparation method of the net cage comprises the following steps: (1) rolling the matrix flexible mesh into a cylinder shape and sewing the seam by using a rolling belt to form a flexible mesh cylinder; (2) the first end of the cylinder of flexible mesh is sewn with a tape and the second end is sewn with a tape in a direction perpendicular to the direction of sewing of the first end, the first end seam being in perpendicular relation to the second end seam. Wherein, the net cage can be sewed by a rolling belt or a serger except for the sealing.

50g of pear-shaped young periploca gigas are placed into one corner of the upper edge of the net cage, the weight of each young periploca gigas is 0.1g, the total weight is 500, one corner of the upper edge is sealed by a rolled belt, and the rolled belt is not sealed into a dead buckle. Add 3 ~ 5 slice adherance pyriform ring arris spiral shells attachment area in the box with a net, the adherance is the facade of making with pp sediment pipe chute.

After 60 days, the weight of the young pigs was increased to 500g by screwing. The floating ball can be recaptured after being completely immersed in the water. The staff taps the net cage, the snail enters the bottom of the net cage, the rolling strip at one corner of the lower edge of the net cage is drawn off, and all the snails are poured out. And arranging a screen on a boat operated by personnel for grading, harvesting the snails reaching a certain specification to be listed, re-matching to 50g if the snails do not reach the listed specification, putting the snails into another empty net cage, and keeping the snails in the net cages on each extension rope in the same batch.

Through water quality tracking detection, the transparency of the water body is improved from 15cm to 50cm, the ammonia nitrogen is from 0.3mg/L to 0.4mg/L, the nitrite is from 0.3mg/L or even 0.5mg/L, and the pH value of the water body is increased from 7.5 to 7.55 in a 2-month culture period. Shows that the initial large-scale development of the freshwater snail culture has obvious effect on improving the water transparency.

Example 2:

the area is 5 mu (3335 m)²) In the pond, 30 horizontal extension ropes of 100 meters are arranged, PVC floating balls with the diameter of 15cm are fixed every 1 meter, and 3000 flexible net cages are hung below each floating ball. The net cages are made of flexible net sheets made of pvc materials, the net cages are in a four-corner pyramid shape, the horizontal distance between every two net cages is 100cm, the hanging depth is 20cm, the height of each net cage is 100cm, the circumference of the upper bottom and the lower bottom of each net cage is 100cm, and the diameter of meshes is 5 mm.

50g of young hemifusus termatamus (0.5g of 100) are placed in one corner of the upper edge of the net cage, one corner of the upper edge is sealed by a rolling belt, and the rolling belt is not sealed into a dead buckle. Except for sealing, the net cage can be sewed by a rolling belt or a serger. 3-5 attaching bases are additionally arranged in the net cage to increase the attaching area of the hemifusus termatamus, and the attaching bases are vertical surfaces made of PP (polypropylene) precipitation inclined tubes.

After 60 days, the weight of the young pigs was increased to 800g by screwing. The float can be recaptured when it is fully immersed in water. Two workers cooperate to tap the net cage, the snails enter the bottom of the net cage, and the rolled strip at one corner of the lower edge of the net cage is pulled out, so that all the snails can be poured out. And arranging a screen on a boat operated by personnel for grading, harvesting the snails reaching a certain specification to be listed, re-matching to 50g if the snails do not reach the listed specification, and putting the snails into another empty net cage. Keeping the snails in the net cages on each extension rope in the same batch as much as possible.

According to the specific situation, the stocking amount of snails in each net cage can still be increased, but is not recommended to exceed 3000 g. According to water quality tracking detection, in a 2-month culture period, the transparency of a water body is improved from 15cm to 50cm, ammonia nitrogen is 0.3mg/L to 0.5mg/L, nitrite is 0.3mg/L or even 0.6mg/L, and pH is increased from 7.5 to 7.55, so that the obvious effect on improving the transparency of the water body is shown in the aspect of carrying out freshwater snail culture in the first large scale.