阅读说明：本技术 一种大型齿轮齿距偏差在机测量仪 (Large gear pitch deviation on-machine measuring instrument ) 是由 赵文辉 王志明 洪宇 段振云 赵文珍 毛力 莱恩刚 于 2020-06-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及大型齿轮的误差测量领域,特别是涉及大型齿轮齿距偏差在机测量仪。包括：齿距偏差测量机构,测量机构往复运动机构,机床连接与调整机构,运动控制及测量信号处理软件。本发明装置可以对大型齿轮的齿距偏差进行在机快速测量,测量过程中使用机床自身的回转工作台,无需对齿轮进行装卸；采用相对法测齿距原理,运用圆周封闭原则,将齿距偏差测量仪固定于齿轮加工机床立柱上,通过齿距偏差测量仪自带的电动模组进行往复运动,对齿轮的齿距偏差进行逐齿测量；最终通过软件将测量结果进行整合计算,得出待测大型齿轮的齿距偏差。(The invention relates to the field of error measurement of large gears, in particular to an on-machine measuring instrument for pitch deviation of the large gears. The method comprises the following steps: the measuring device comprises a tooth pitch deviation measuring mechanism, a measuring mechanism reciprocating mechanism, a machine tool connecting and adjusting mechanism and motion control and measuring signal processing software. The device can carry out on-machine rapid measurement on the tooth pitch deviation of the large gear, and a rotary worktable of a machine tool is used in the measurement process, so that the gear is not required to be assembled and disassembled; the tooth pitch measuring instrument is fixed on an upright post of the gear processing machine tool by adopting a relative method tooth pitch measuring principle and utilizing a circumference sealing principle, and performs reciprocating motion through an electric module of the tooth pitch measuring instrument to perform tooth-by-tooth measurement on the tooth pitch deviation of the gear; and finally, integrating and calculating the measurement result through software to obtain the tooth pitch deviation of the large gear to be measured.)

1. A large gear pitch deviation on-machine measuring instrument comprises a pitch deviation measuring mechanism, a measuring mechanism reciprocating mechanism, a machine tool connecting and adjusting mechanism and motion control and measuring signal processing software; the measuring mechanism is characterized in that the tooth pitch deviation measuring mechanism is arranged on a measuring mechanism reciprocating mechanism, and the measuring mechanism reciprocating mechanism is arranged on a machine tool connecting and adjusting mechanism.

2. The machine measuring instrument for the pitch deviation of the large gear according to claim 1, wherein: the tooth pitch deviation measuring mechanism comprises an elastic measuring rod made of spring steel material, a tooth pitch deviation measuring head, an inductance micrometer, a measuring element fixing plate, a measuring head center distance adjusting guide rail, an inductance micrometer fixing block and a tooth pitch measuring device mounting plate; the tooth pitch deviation measuring head is arranged at the top end of the elastic measuring rod, the elastic measuring rod is arranged on the measuring element fixing plate, the inductance micrometer is arranged on the inductance micrometer fixing block, the inductance micrometer fixing block is arranged on the measuring element fixing plate, the measuring element fixing plate is arranged on the measuring head center distance adjusting guide rail, and the measuring head center distance adjusting guide rail is arranged on the measuring device mounting plate.

3. The machine measuring instrument for the pitch deviation of the large gear according to claim 1, wherein: the measuring mechanism reciprocating mechanism comprises a longitudinal servo electric module, a servo electric module fixing plate, a longitudinal moving platform, a tooth-division trigger proximity switch and a bracket; the vertical servo electric module is arranged on the servo electric module fixing plate, the servo electric module fixing plate is arranged on the vertical motion platform, the tooth-dividing trigger proximity switch is arranged on the support, and the support is arranged on the vertical motion platform.

4. The machine measuring instrument for the pitch deviation of the large gear according to claim 1, wherein: the machine tool connecting and adjusting mechanism is composed of a servo electric module, a servo electric module fixing plate, a machine tool slide rail pressing plate and fastening bolts, the machine tool slide rail pressing plate is arranged on slide rails on the left side and the right side of the machine tool, the servo electric module fixing plate is arranged on the machine tool slide rail pressing plate, and the fastening bolts are arranged on the machine tool slide rail pressing plate.

5. The machine measuring instrument for the pitch deviation of the large gear according to claim 1, wherein: the motion control and measurement signal processing software comprises a motion control card, a servo motor driver, motion control software and measurement software.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of error measurement of large gears, in particular to an on-machine measuring instrument for pitch deviation of the large gears.

Background

The measurement of large gears has been a difficult problem in the production and processing of gears. At present, a gear pitch deviation on-machine measurement scheme of a large gear mainly comprises contact measurement and non-contact measurement, the contact measurement is mostly based on measuring the gear pitch by a relative method, a measurement mode of a double-measuring-head (one is used as a measurement measuring head, and the other is used as a trigger measuring head) is adopted, so that the measuring head reciprocates between teeth, the gear pitch deviation is measured tooth by tooth or across teeth, and finally, data are integrated and calculated to obtain a gear pitch deviation parameter.

For on-machine measuring devices installed on a gear hobbing machine, if contact measurement is adopted, the requirements on the dynamic response and the repeated positioning precision of the system are high. In 2015, the pitch deviation of a large gear, which is applied by zhang, university of Nanjing industry, and the like (application No. CN201410055490.5, publication No. CN 103769692A), the invention uses a radial numerical control sliding table of a hobbing machine to drive an upright post of the hobbing machine to reciprocate, and uses a dial gauge in front of the upright post to intermittently measure the pitch deviation of the gear tooth by tooth in a manner that a working table drives the gear to rotate in a tooth-dividing manner. However, the method is only suitable for the numerical control gear hobbing machine firstly, and then the dial indicator is used for measuring the tooth pitch deviation to convert the linear error of the tooth pitch deviation into the angle error, so that the measurement precision is difficult to guarantee.

The invention discloses a large-scale gear hobbing machine overhead type tooth pitch measuring instrument (application number CN201810114271.8, publication number CN 103769692A) invented by Li Xianhu et al in 2018, which adopts a hinge and a measuring probe, and substantially converts a linear error of tooth pitch deviation into an angle error.

If a laser distance measuring instrument is adopted for measurement, firstly, the equipment cost of the high-precision laser distance measuring instrument is high, secondly, the refractive index of laser in air is difficult to calculate, and the laser is easy to be interfered by the outside, and the refractive index of a transmission medium needs to be compensated. In 2019, a patent (application number CN201910032503.X, publication number CN 109781018A) applied by Zhangbai, Koidechao and Populi billows, which is a method for measuring the tooth pitch of an extra-large straight gear by using a laser tracker, arranges a target mirror of the laser tracker in a tooth socket, obtains the tooth pitch deviation of the gear by measuring contour points of adjacent tooth sockets and fitting, and has higher cost of system equipment and higher requirement on measuring environment.

In summary, in the existing gear pitch deviation on-machine measuring equipment, the contact measurement uses a mode of measuring the offset angle of the swing rod to measure the gear pitch deviation, so that the actual gear pitch deviation of the gear is small in lever ratio with the measuring result of a measuring head, the amplification of the error is obvious, the measurement precision is difficult to guarantee, the requirement on a machining tool is high, and the numerical control equipment is required to perform precise gear division and reciprocating motion. The non-contact measuring equipment is sensitive to environmental influence due to high price, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are required to be invested.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims at the defects in the prior art and provides a large gear pitch deviation on-machine measuring instrument which can realize the rapid measurement of the pitch deviation with higher efficiency, a gear continuously rotates on a gear hobbing machine, a tooth separation trigger proximity switch is arranged on the measuring instrument and can automatically measure the pitch deviation along with the rotation speed of the gear, and the measuring time of the single pitch deviation can reach 2 seconds. Meanwhile, a special pitch deviation measuring mechanism is adopted, the system measurement precision is improved by a large lever ratio, and the pitch deviation condition of the gear is automatically detected.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the device comprises a tooth pitch deviation measuring mechanism, a measuring mechanism reciprocating mechanism, a machine tool connecting and adjusting mechanism and motion control and measuring signal processing software; the measuring mechanism is characterized in that the tooth pitch deviation measuring mechanism is arranged on a measuring mechanism reciprocating mechanism, and the measuring mechanism reciprocating mechanism is arranged on a machine tool connecting and adjusting mechanism.

Furthermore, the tooth pitch deviation measuring mechanism comprises an elastic measuring rod made of spring steel material, a tooth pitch deviation measuring head, an inductance micrometer, a measuring element fixing plate, a measuring head center distance adjusting guide rail, an inductance micrometer fixing block and a tooth pitch measuring device mounting plate; the tooth pitch deviation measuring head is arranged at the top end of the elastic measuring rod, the elastic measuring rod is arranged on the measuring element fixing plate, the inductance micrometer is arranged on the inductance micrometer fixing block, the inductance micrometer fixing block is arranged on the measuring element fixing plate, the measuring element fixing plate is arranged on the measuring head center distance adjusting guide rail, and the measuring head center distance adjusting guide rail is arranged on the measuring device mounting plate.

Furthermore, the reciprocating motion mechanism of the measuring mechanism comprises a longitudinal servo electric module, a servo electric module fixing plate, a longitudinal motion platform, a tooth-dividing trigger proximity switch and a bracket; the vertical servo electric module is arranged on the servo electric module fixing plate, the servo electric module fixing plate is arranged on the vertical motion platform, the tooth-dividing trigger proximity switch is arranged on the support, and the support is arranged on the vertical motion platform.

Further, the machine tool connecting and adjusting mechanism is composed of a servo electric module, a servo electric module fixing plate, a machine tool slide rail pressing plate and fastening bolts, the machine tool slide rail pressing plate is arranged on slide rails on the left side and the right side of the machine tool, the servo electric module fixing plate is arranged on the machine tool slide rail pressing plate, and the fastening bolts are arranged on the machine tool slide rail pressing plate.

Furthermore, the motion control and measurement signal processing software comprises a motion control card, a servo motor driver, motion control software and measurement software.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects.

1. By adopting a special elastic measuring rod structure, the position of a measuring signal acquisition point is closer to the actual tooth pitch deviation measuring position, the lever ratio is greater than 0.5, and the measuring accuracy of the tooth pitch measuring mechanism is structurally guaranteed.

2. Because the pitch deviation is a linear error, the inductance micrometer is also a linear measuring device, and error amplification caused by conversion of linear measurement into angle measurement is avoided. Meanwhile, a high-precision inductance micrometer is used, and the measurement of 0.1 mu m level can be realized at most.

3. The invention realizes the on-machine measurement of the pitch deviation of the large gear and meets the requirements of actual working conditions; because the linear speed is higher in the rotating process of the large gear, the reciprocating motion of the measuring mechanism is completed by using the high-speed servo electric module, and the requirement on the response speed in actual measurement can be met.

4. The reciprocating mechanism is controlled through motion control and measurement signal processing software, full-automatic measurement of tooth pitch deviation is achieved, measurement beat self-adaptation is carried out according to the rotating speed of the gear, the control form of installing a machine tool is not required, the device can be used for a numerical control machine tool and a common machine tool, and meanwhile, measurement results are directly output after measurement is completed to guide production.

5. By adopting the universal base, the tooth pitch deviation and tooth profile deviation measuring mechanism can be quickly replaced, and the detection of each parameter index of the gear is met.

Drawings

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description. The scope of the invention is not limited to the following expressions.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of on-machine measurement of a pitch deviation of a large gear on a machine measuring instrument.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a large gear pitch deviation on-machine measuring instrument.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the pitch deviation measuring apparatus.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pitch deviation measuring apparatus.

In the figure, 1 big gear wheel, 2 rotary working tables, 3 upright post radial motion sliding tables, 4 motion control and signal processing software, 5 hobbing machine upright posts, 6 hobbing cutter frames, 7 large gear pitch deviation on-machine measuring instruments, 8 pitch deviation measuring devices, 9 longitudinal servo electric modules, 10 brackets, 11, tooth-dividing trigger proximity switches, 12 longitudinal motion platforms, 13 servo electric module fixing plates, 14 servo electric modules, 15 fastening bolts, 16 machine tool slide rail pressing plates I, 17 servo electric module fixing plates, 18 machine tool slide rail pressing plates II, 19 inductance micrometer I, 20 inductance micrometer fixing blocks I, 21, pitch deviation measuring heads I, 22 elastic measuring rods I, 23 pitch deviation measuring heads II, 24 inductance micrometer fixing blocks II, 25 inductance micrometer measuring heads II, 26 elastic measuring rods II, 27 fixing bolts II, 28 measuring element fixing plates II and 29 pitch measuring device mounting plates, 30 measuring element fixing plates I, 31 measuring head center distance adjusting guide rails, 32 fixing bolts I and 33 measuring head center distance adjusting guide rails.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1-4, the present invention comprises a pitch deviation measuring mechanism, a measuring mechanism reciprocating mechanism, a machine tool connecting and adjusting mechanism, and a motion control and measurement signal processing software; the measuring mechanism is characterized in that the tooth pitch deviation measuring mechanism is arranged on a measuring mechanism reciprocating mechanism, and the measuring mechanism reciprocating mechanism is arranged on a machine tool connecting and adjusting mechanism.

Preferably, the tooth pitch deviation measuring mechanism comprises an elastic measuring rod made of a spring steel material, a tooth pitch deviation measuring head, an inductance micrometer, a measuring element fixing plate, a measuring head center distance adjusting guide rail, an inductance micrometer fixing block and a tooth pitch measuring device mounting plate; the tooth pitch deviation measuring head is arranged at the top end of the elastic measuring rod, the elastic measuring rod is arranged on the measuring element fixing plate, the inductance micrometer is arranged on the inductance micrometer fixing block, the inductance micrometer fixing block is arranged on the measuring element fixing plate, the measuring element fixing plate is arranged on the measuring head center distance adjusting guide rail, and the measuring head center distance adjusting guide rail is arranged on the measuring device mounting plate.

Preferably, the measuring mechanism reciprocating mechanism comprises a longitudinal servo electric module, a servo electric module fixing plate, a longitudinal moving platform, a tooth-dividing trigger proximity switch and a bracket; the vertical servo electric module is arranged on the servo electric module fixing plate, the servo electric module fixing plate is arranged on the vertical motion platform, the tooth-dividing trigger proximity switch is arranged on the support, and the support is arranged on the vertical motion platform.

Preferably, the machine tool connecting and adjusting mechanism is composed of a servo electric module, a servo electric module fixing plate, a machine tool slide rail pressing plate and fastening bolts, the machine tool slide rail pressing plate is arranged on slide rails on the left side and the right side of the machine tool, the servo electric module fixing plate is arranged on the machine tool slide rail pressing plate, and the fastening bolts are arranged on the machine tool slide rail pressing plate.

Preferably, the motion control and measurement signal processing software comprises a motion control card, a servo motor driver, motion control software and measurement software.

The working principle and the working process of the patent are as follows: the device adopts a relative method to measure the tooth pitch principle, applies a circumference sealing principle, adopts an asynchronous driving synchronous measurement mode to carry out on-machine measurement of the tooth pitch deviation, drives the gear to continuously rotate by using a machine tool rotary worktable, two measuring heads stretch out and draw back in the tooth socket in a reciprocating manner and carry out tooth-by-tooth measurement on the tooth pitch deviation during the rotation of the gear, and obtains the tooth pitch deviation of the whole gear through data processing after all the tooth pitch deviations are measured.

Before the measurement is started, the hobbing machine hob head 6 is lifted, and the gear pitch deviation of the large gear is fixed on a hobbing machine slide rail through the machine measuring instrument 7; controlling the servo electric module 14 to move to enable the pitch deviation measuring device 8 to stay at a proper height, controlling the longitudinal servo electric module 9 to move to enable the pitch deviation measuring head I21 and the pitch deviation measuring head II 23 to stay near a gear reference circle and set the pitch deviation measuring head I and the pitch deviation measuring head II as measuring positions, moving the measuring element fixing plate I30 and the measuring element fixing plate II 28 to enable the pitch deviation measuring head I21 and the pitch deviation measuring head II 23 to respectively press tooth surfaces, screwing the fixing bolt I32 and the fixing bolt II 27 to enable the measuring element fixing plate I30 and the measuring element fixing plate II 28 to be fixed, and recording the measuring positions and sensor readings in the motion control and signal processing software 4; the longitudinal servo motor module 9 is then controlled to exit the measuring position and the gear rotation starts to take the measurement.

In the rotation process of the gear, after the tooth top approaches to the tooth division trigger proximity switch 11, the tooth division trigger proximity switch 11 transmits signals to the motion control and signal processing software 4 and controls the longitudinal servo electric module 9 to move forwards to move the tooth pitch deviation measuring device 8 to a measuring position, meanwhile, the tooth pitch deviation measuring head I21 and the tooth pitch deviation measuring head II 23 respectively extend into two adjacent tooth grooves, the tooth pitch deviation measuring head I21 is firstly contacted with the rotating tooth surface of the gear and deflects the gear, the tooth pitch deviation measuring head I21 drives the elastic measuring rod I22 to deflect, and the electric micrometer I19 displays readings; and then the tooth surface contacts the second pitch deviation measuring head 23 and drives the second elastic measuring rod 26 to deflect, the second inductance micrometer 25 starts to display the reading, when the second inductance micrometer 25 reaches the designated position, the motion control and signal processing software 4 sends an instruction to record the reading of the first inductance micrometer 19, and the longitudinal servo electric module 9 exits from the measuring position to finish one-time measurement.

And after the measurement of all the tooth pitches of the gear is completed once, the motion control and signal processing software 4 calculates and processes all the tooth pitch data to obtain a tooth pitch deviation measurement result.

It should be understood that the detailed description of the present invention is only for illustrating the present invention and is not limited by the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can be modified or substituted equally to achieve the same technical effects; as long as the use requirements are met, the method is within the protection scope of the invention.