阅读说明：本技术 电源转换装置 (Power supply conversion device ) 是由 蔡宪逸 阙百淞 于 2019-03-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：电源转换装置用以接收并转换一交流电源为一直流电,该电源转换装置包括一检测电路及一位准判断电路。检测电路包括一对隔离组件、及一分压电路,该对隔离组件的光发射元件反向并联后并联于该交流电源,该对光发射元件分别在交流电源的正负半周时导通。该对隔离组件的光接收元件同向并联后串联于一电源及该分压电路之间,该对光接收元件在对应的该光发射元件导通时导通并使得该分压电路输出一第一电压,该位准判断电路比较第一电压与一参考位准,以选择性输出一异常信号。(The power conversion device is used for receiving and converting an alternating current power supply into a direct current power supply and comprises a detection circuit and a level judgment circuit. The detection circuit comprises a pair of isolation components and a voltage division circuit, wherein light emitting elements of the isolation components are reversely connected in parallel and then connected in parallel with the alternating current power supply, and the light emitting elements are conducted respectively at positive and negative half cycles of the alternating current power supply. The light receiving elements of the isolation components are connected in parallel in the same direction and then connected in series between a power supply and the voltage division circuit, the light receiving elements are conducted when the corresponding light emitting elements are conducted, the voltage division circuit outputs a first voltage, and the level judgment circuit compares the first voltage with a reference level to selectively output an abnormal signal.)

1. A power conversion apparatus, comprising:

a primary side circuit having a first input terminal and a second input terminal, the primary side circuit being adapted to receive and convert an ac power source into a primary side output;

a transformer circuit for receiving the primary side output;

a detection circuit, comprising:

a first isolation assembly, including a first light emitting device and a first light receiving device, wherein when the first light emitting device is conducted, the first light receiving device is conducted, and when the first light emitting device is not conducted, the first light receiving device is not conducted;

a second isolation assembly, including a second light emitting device and a second light receiving device, when the second light emitting device is conducted, the second light receiving device is conducted, when the second light emitting device is not conducted, the second light receiving device is not conducted, the first light emitting device and the second light emitting device are reversely parallel connected and have a first anti-parallel point and a second anti-parallel point, the first anti-parallel point is electrically connected with the first input end, the first light receiving device and the second light receiving device are parallel connected in the same direction and have a first parallel point and a second parallel point, the first parallel point is electrically connected to a direct current power supply;

a current limiting circuit having two terminals electrically connected to the second anti-parallel point and the second input terminal respectively;

a voltage dividing circuit having a first terminal, a voltage dividing point and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is electrically connected to the second common point; and

a capacitor electrically connected to the first terminal and the second terminal, the capacitor storing a capacitor voltage when the first light receiving element or the second light receiving element is turned on, the capacitor releasing the capacitor voltage and generating a first voltage between the voltage dividing point and the second terminal when the first light receiving element and the second light receiving element are turned off; and

a level judging circuit having a first contact, a reference level and an output end, wherein the first contact receives the first voltage, and the level judging circuit compares the first voltage with the reference level to selectively output an abnormal signal from the output end.

2. The power conversion device of claim 1, wherein the current limiting circuit comprises:

at least one resistor and at least one capacitor connected in series in sequence, wherein one end of the resistor is electrically connected with the second anti-parallel point, and one end of the capacitor is electrically connected with the second input end.

3. The power conversion device of claim 1, wherein the voltage divider circuit comprises:

the first resistor and the second resistor are connected in series in sequence, and the first resistor and the second resistor which are connected in series are connected in parallel with the capacitor.

4. The power conversion device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the level determination circuit comprises:

a pre-resistor; and

one end of the pre-resistor is connected with the DC power supply, the other end of the pre-resistor is connected with the comparison element, the comparison element enables the level judgment circuit to output the abnormal signal when the first voltage is smaller than the reference level, and the comparison element enables the level judgment circuit not to output the abnormal signal when the first voltage is not smaller than the reference level.

5. A power conversion apparatus, comprising:

a primary side circuit having two input terminals, the primary side circuit being adapted to receive an ac power from the two input terminals and to rectify the ac power to output a primary side output;

a voltage transformation circuit for receiving the primary side output;

an isolation circuit, which is connected with the two input ends in parallel to detect a power state of the alternating current power supply, transmits a conducting signal when the power state is power supply, and does not transmit the conducting signal when the power state is power off;

a coupling circuit, when the isolation circuit transmits the conducting signal, the isolation circuit optically couples the coupling circuit to enable the coupling circuit to generate a capacitance voltage, and when the isolation circuit does not transmit the conducting signal, the isolation circuit electrically isolates the coupling circuit to enable the coupling circuit to generate a first voltage by dividing the capacitance voltage; and

a level judging circuit having a reference level, the level judging circuit being adapted to compare the first voltage with the reference level to selectively output an abnormal signal from the output terminal.

6. The power conversion device of claim 5, wherein the isolation circuit comprises:

a first light emitting element; and

a second light emitting element connected in reverse parallel to the first light emitting element.

7. The power conversion device of claim 6, wherein the coupling circuit comprises:

a first light receiving element optically coupled to the first light emitting element, wherein the first light emitting element and the first light receiving element are integrated into a first isolation assembly;

a second light receiving element connected in parallel with the first light receiving element in the same phase, the second light receiving element optically coupling the second light emitting element, and the second light emitting element and the second light receiving element being integrated into a second isolation assembly;

a capacitor connected in series with the second light receiving element for storing the capacitor voltage; and

a voltage divider circuit for dividing the capacitor voltage to generate the first voltage.

8. The power conversion device according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the level determination circuit comprises:

a pre-resistor; and

one end of the pre-resistor is connected with the DC power supply, the other end of the pre-resistor is connected with the comparison element, the comparison element enables the level judgment circuit to output the abnormal signal when the first voltage is smaller than the reference level, and the comparison element enables the level judgment circuit not to output the abnormal signal when the first voltage is not smaller than the reference level.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a power conversion device, and more particularly, to a power conversion device with a detection circuit.

Background

Currently, detecting the power state of the input voltage of the power supply is to configure an optocoupler and a control circuit coupled to the optocoupler at the primary side of the power supply. The optical coupler is used for detecting the power state of the input voltage, and the control circuit judges whether the power supply supplies power to the load or not according to the power state. If so, the power supply can supply power to the load; if not, the power supply can inform the load, so that the load can carry out the prepositive operation before shutdown.

However, if the power state of the input voltage is power-off, the optocoupler does not detect the power state of the input voltage, and the control circuit misjudges that the power supply supplies power to the load device. For example, when the power state is power, the input voltage is an ac voltage having a positive half cycle amplitude and a negative half cycle amplitude. The optocoupler is turned on at positive half cycle amplitude and is turned off at negative half cycle amplitude or when the ac voltage is off. If the alternating voltage is cut off when the amplitude is positive half cycle, the optical coupler can detect the cut-off in time because the optical coupler is not conducted; if the AC voltage is cut off at the negative half-cycle amplitude, the control circuit cannot know whether the optical coupler is not conducted because the AC voltage is at the negative half-cycle amplitude or because the AC voltage is cut off, and therefore the control circuit cannot detect the cut-off in time, and the control circuit delays to inform the load to carry out the prepositive operation before shutdown. Therefore, when the ac voltage is at negative half cycle amplitude, the control circuit cannot timely notify the load to perform the pre-operation before shutdown.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a power conversion device for detecting the power state of an ac power source in time and sending an abnormal signal to an external control circuit when the power state is power off, so as to facilitate the external control circuit to perform a pre-operation before the external control circuit shuts down a load or an external electronic device.

According to some embodiments, the power conversion apparatus includes a primary side circuit, a transformer circuit, a detection circuit and a level determination circuit. The primary side circuit is suitable for receiving and converting an alternating current power supply into a primary side output and is provided with a first input end and a second input end. The transformer circuit is used for receiving the primary side output. The detection circuit comprises a first isolation component, a second isolation component, a current limiting circuit, a voltage dividing circuit and a capacitor. The first isolation assembly comprises a first light emitting element and a first light receiving element, wherein when the first light emitting element is conducted, the first light receiving element is conducted, and when the first light emitting element is not conducted, the first light receiving element is not conducted. The second isolation component comprises a second light emitting element and a second light receiving element, when the second light emitting element is conducted, the second light receiving element is conducted, when the second light emitting element is not conducted, the second light receiving element is not conducted, the first light emitting element and the second light emitting element are reversely connected in parallel and are provided with a first anti-parallel point and a second anti-parallel point, the first anti-parallel point is electrically connected with the first input end, the first light receiving element and the second light receiving element are connected in parallel in the same direction and are provided with a first parallel point and a second parallel point, and the first parallel point is electrically connected to a direct current power supply. The current limiting circuit has two terminals electrically connected to the second anti-parallel point and the second input terminal respectively. The voltage division circuit is provided with a first end point, a voltage division point and a second end point, wherein the first end point is electrically connected to the second coincidence point. The capacitor is electrically connected with the first end point and the second end point, stores a capacitor voltage when the first light receiving element or the second light receiving element is conducted, releases the capacitor voltage when the first light receiving element and the second light receiving element are not conducted, and generates a first voltage between the voltage dividing point and the second end point. The level judging circuit has a first contact, a reference level and an output end, the first contact receives the first voltage, the level judging circuit compares the first voltage with the reference level to selectively output an abnormal signal from the output end.

According to some embodiments, the current limiting circuit includes at least one resistor and at least one capacitor connected in series in sequence, one end of the resistor is electrically connected to the second anti-parallel point, and one end of the capacitor is electrically connected to the second input terminal.

According to some embodiments, the voltage divider circuit comprises a first resistor and a second resistor connected in series in sequence, and the first resistor and the second resistor connected in series are connected in parallel with the capacitor.

According to some embodiments, the level determining circuit includes a pre-resistor and a comparing element, one end of the pre-resistor is connected to the dc power source, the other end of the pre-resistor is connected to the comparing element, the comparing element enables the level determining circuit to output the abnormal signal when the first voltage is smaller than the reference level, and the comparing element enables the level determining circuit not to output the abnormal signal when the first voltage is not smaller than the reference level.

The invention further provides a power conversion device, which includes a primary side circuit, a transformer circuit, an isolation circuit, a coupling circuit and a level judgment circuit. The primary side circuit is provided with two input ends, and the primary side circuit is suitable for receiving an alternating current power supply from the two input ends and rectifying the alternating current power supply to output a primary side output. The transformer circuit is used for receiving the primary side output. The isolation circuit is connected in parallel with the two input ends to detect a power state of the alternating current power supply, and transmits a conducting signal when the power state is power supply. The isolation circuit does not transmit the conducting signal when the power state is power-off. When the isolation circuit transmits the conducting signal, the isolation circuit optically couples the coupling circuit to enable the coupling circuit to generate a capacitor voltage, and when the isolation circuit does not transmit the conducting signal, the isolation circuit electrically isolates the coupling circuit and enables the coupling circuit to generate a first voltage by dividing the capacitor voltage. The level judging circuit is provided with a reference level, and the level judging circuit is suitable for comparing the first voltage with the reference level and selectively outputting an abnormal signal from the output end.

According to some embodiments, the isolation circuit comprises a first light emitting element and a second light emitting element. The light second emitting element is connected in reverse parallel with the first emitting element.

According to some embodiments, the coupling circuit comprises a first light receiving element, a second light receiving element, a capacitor, and a first resistor and a second resistor connected in series in sequence. The first light receiving element is optically coupled with the first light emitting element, and the first light emitting element and the first light receiving element are integrated into a first isolation component. The second receiving element is connected in parallel with the first receiving element in the same phase, the second receiving element is optically coupled with the second light emitting element, and the second light emitting element and the second receiving element are integrated into a second isolation component. The capacitor is connected in series with the second light receiving element to store the capacitor voltage. One end of the first resistor is electrically connected with one end of the capacitor, one end of the second resistor is electrically connected with the other end of the capacitor, and when the capacitor releases the capacitor voltage, the capacitor voltage is divided by the first resistor and the second resistor so that the second resistor generates the first voltage.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit block diagram of a power conversion device according to some embodiments.

Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit block diagram of a power conversion device according to some embodiments.

Wherein the reference numerals are:

10 power supply conversion device 11 primary side circuit

110 rectifier circuit 112 main capacitor

114. 116 input terminal 12 transformation circuit

13 switching circuit 15 control circuit

17 secondary side circuit 20 AC power supply device

30 load 40 detection circuit

410 isolating circuits 411, 412 first and second anti-parallel points

415 Current limiting Circuit 42 first isolation Assembly

42a, 44a light emitting elements 42b, 44b light receiving elements

44 second isolation component 430 coupling circuit

431. 432 first and second cascode 435 voltage divider circuits

436 partial pressure point 437 capacitor

439 parallel capacitor 60 level judging circuit

452 comparison element 452a Anode

452c cathode/output 452r reference input

454 dc power supply with pre-resistor 46

50 external control circuit R1 first resistor

R2 second resistor Vref reference level

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a power conversion apparatus 10 according to some embodiments of the invention. Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a power conversion apparatus 10 according to some embodiments. The Power conversion device 10 is used for converting an ac Power output by an ac Power supply (Alternating Power supply) 20 into a dc Power and outputting the dc Power to a load 30. In addition, the power conversion apparatus 10 can also detect the power state when receiving the ac power. When the power state is power off, the power conversion apparatus 10 outputs an abnormal signal to the external control circuit 50.

The aforementioned ac power supply device 20 may be, but is not limited to, a utility grid. The aforementioned load 30 may be, but is not limited to, any load, such as: an electronic device, a mobile phone, a tablet, a computer, a desktop computer, or a notebook computer, etc.

Referring to fig. 1, the power conversion apparatus 10 includes a primary side circuit 11, a transformer circuit 12, a detection circuit 40, and a level determination circuit 60. The transformer circuit 12 may be, but is not limited to, a Flyback transformer, a Forward transformer, a Boost transformer, or other transformers. In some embodiments, the transforming circuit 12 is a flyback transformer, and as shown in fig. 1, the transforming circuit 12 includes a converting circuit 13, a control circuit 15, and a secondary circuit 17.

The primary side circuit 11 has two input terminals 114, 116, and the primary side circuit 11 is adapted to receive the ac power from the two input terminals 114, 116 and rectify the ac power to output a primary side output. The transformer circuit 12 is used for receiving and converting the primary side output to output a secondary side output. In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the conversion circuit 13 is configured to receive the primary side output. The switching circuit 13 is a winding as shown in fig. 1. The control circuit 15 is used for controlling the conversion circuit 13 to generate a conversion output in response to the primary side output. The secondary side circuit 17 is used to convert the converted output into the secondary side output to provide the power required by the load 30. The secondary side circuit 17 is, for example, but not limited to, a half-wave rectification filter circuit (see fig. 2).

In some embodiments, the primary side circuit 11 includes a rectifying circuit 110 and a bulk capacitor 112(bulk capacitor), as shown in fig. 2.

The detection circuit 40 detects a power state of the ac power source from the two input terminals 114, 116, and the detection circuit 40 outputs a first voltage according to the power state, for example, power-on or power-off. In some embodiments, the detection circuit 40 outputs the first voltage according to the power state, and a voltage value of the first voltage varies according to the power state, which will be described in detail later. The level decision circuit 60 selectively outputs or does not output an abnormal signal according to the first voltage. Specifically, the level determination circuit outputs the abnormal signal to the external control circuit 50 when the ac power is turned off. In some embodiments, the detection circuit 40 and the level determination circuit 60 are appropriately adjusted such that the level determination circuit 60 notifies the external control circuit 50 (described later) in a time period before the secondary side output is reduced to the lower power limit required by the load 30 (i.e. the minimum power required to maintain the normal operation of the load 30), so that the external control circuit 50 can issue a warning to the load (e.g. an external electronic device) in time, or perform a pre-operation to the load 30 before shutdown, such as saving a digital file that is not stored currently. Here, the detection circuit 40 and the level determination circuit 60 of the power conversion apparatus 10 are used to detect the power states of the positive half-cycle amplitude and the negative half-cycle amplitude of the ac power, and transmit the abnormal signal to the external control circuit 50 when the power state is power-off, that is, the power conversion apparatus 10 can avoid transmitting the abnormal signal to the external control circuit 50 after delaying half a cycle when the ac power is power-off (details will be described later). In some embodiments, the control circuit 15 controls a switch to be turned on or off by a circuit with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technology to control the conversion output outputted by the conversion circuit 13.

Referring to fig. 2, in some embodiments, the detection circuit 40 includes a first isolation element 42 and a second isolation element 44.

The first isolation member 42 has a first light emitting element 42a and a first light receiving element 42 b. The second isolation assembly 44 has a second light emitting element 44a and a second light receiving element 44 b. The first isolation element 42 and the second isolation element 44 are, for example, but not limited to, optical coupling elements. When the first isolation assembly 42 is operated, the first light emitting device 42a is turned on, the first light receiving device 42b is turned on, and when the first light emitting device 42a is turned off, the first light receiving device 42b is turned off. When the second isolation assembly 44 is operated, the second light emitting device 44a is turned on, the second light receiving device 44b is turned on, and when the second light emitting device 44a is turned off, the second light receiving device 44b is turned off.

Specifically, the first light emitting element 42a is used for detecting the positive half-cycle amplitude of the ac power source, and photo-electrically couples the first light receiving element 42b when the positive half-cycle amplitude is detected. In addition, the first light emitting element 42a electrically isolates the first light receiving element 42b when it does not detect a positive half cycle amplitude. The second light emitting device 44a is used for detecting the negative half-cycle amplitude of the ac power, and photoelectrically couples the second light receiving device 44b when the negative half-cycle amplitude is detected. In addition, when the second light emitting element 44a does not detect the negative half-cycle amplitude, the second light receiving element 44b is electrically isolated. Therefore, the detection circuit 40 can detect the power state of the ac power supply at the positive half-cycle amplitude or the negative half-cycle amplitude, and transmit the power-off state (abnormal signal) to the external control circuit 50 when the power state is power-off.

The detection circuit 40 includes an isolation circuit 410 and a coupling circuit 430. The first and second light emitting elements 42a and 44a are located in the isolation circuit 410, and the first and second light receiving elements 42b and 44b are located in the coupling circuit 430. The isolation circuit 410 is connected in parallel with the two input terminals 114, 116 to detect the power status of the ac power source. When the power state is power supply, a conducting signal is transmitted, and when the power state is power off, the conducting signal is not transmitted. When the isolation circuit 410 transmits the conducting signal, the isolation circuit 410 optically couples the coupling circuit 430, so that the coupling circuit 430 generates a capacitance voltage (the capacitance voltage is stored in a capacitor 437 of the coupling circuit 430); when the isolation circuit 410 does not transmit the conducting signal, the isolation circuit 410 electrically isolates the coupling circuit 430, so that the coupling circuit 430 generates a first voltage at a voltage dividing point 436 by dividing the capacitor voltage. It should be noted that when the isolation circuit 410 transmits the conducting signal, the coupling circuit 430 generates the capacitor voltage, and the voltage dividing point 436 of the voltage dividing circuit 435 has the first voltage according to the capacitor voltage.

The level determination circuit 60 has a reference level. The level judging circuit 60 compares the first voltage with the reference level to selectively output an abnormal signal to the external control circuit 50. In some embodiments, the level determining circuit 60 outputs an abnormal signal to the external control circuit 50 when the first voltage is less than the reference level. The level determination circuit 60 does not output the abnormal signal to the external control circuit 50 when the first voltage is not less than the reference level.

The isolation circuit 410 includes the first light emitting device 42a and the second light emitting device 44a connected in parallel in opposite directions, and a current limiting circuit 415. The second light emitting device 44a has a first anti-parallel point 411 and a second anti-parallel point 412 at opposite ends, and the first anti-parallel point 411 is electrically connected to one of the two input terminals (the first input terminal 114). One end of the current limiting circuit 415 is electrically connected to the second anti-parallel point 412, the other end of the current limiting circuit 415 is electrically connected to the other of the two input ends (the second input end 116), and the current limiting circuit 415 comprises at least one resistor and at least one capacitor connected in series in sequence, one end of the resistor is electrically connected to the second anti-parallel point 412, and one end of the capacitor is electrically connected to the second input end 116.

The isolation circuit 410 receives the ac power from the ac power supply device 20, and when the ac power is outputted from the ac power supply device 20 in the positive half cycle, the first light emitting element 42a emits light, and thus the first light receiving element 42b is turned on. When the ac power supply device 20 outputs the negative half cycle of the ac power, the second light emitting element 44a emits light, and thus, the second light receiving element 44b is turned on. When the first and second light emitting elements 42a and 44a emit light, the capacitor of the current limiting circuit 415 stores electric energy, and the stored electric energy is discharged when the voltage of the capacitor is higher than the voltage of the ac power outputted by the ac power supply device 20. When the ac power supply apparatus 20 is suddenly powered off, the capacitor of the current limiting circuit 415 discharges for a time related to the characteristics of the capacitor and the resistor of the current limiting circuit 415, and the larger the product of the capacitance value of the capacitor and the impedance value of the resistor, the longer the discharge time. When the capacitor is discharged and its voltage is sufficient to turn on the first or second light emitting element 42a, 44a, the first or second light emitting element 42a, 44a emits light, and its corresponding first or second light receiving element 42b, 44b is turned on. In some embodiments, selecting the smaller product of the capacitance of the capacitor and the impedance of the resistor, the detection circuit 40 can detect that the ac power supply device 20 has been powered off (stops supplying power) in a shorter time. In some embodiments, the product of the capacitance of the capacitor and the impedance of the resistor is selected to be larger, and the detection circuit 40 detects that the ac power supply device 20 has been powered off (stops supplying power) for a longer time.

The coupling circuit 430 includes the first light receiving element 42b and the second light receiving element 44b connected in parallel in the same direction, a voltage divider circuit 435, and a capacitor 437. The second light receiving element 44b has a first common node 431 and a second common node 432 at two ends, the first common node 431 is electrically connected to a power source 46 (dc power source), the second common node 432 is electrically connected to one end of the voltage dividing circuit 435, and the other end of the voltage dividing circuit 435 is grounded. The voltage divider circuit 435 further has a voltage dividing point 436. One end of the capacitor 437 is electrically connected to the second parallel point 432, and the other end of the capacitor 437 is grounded, that is, the capacitor 437 is connected in parallel with the voltage divider circuit 435, so that when the first light receiving element 42b or the second light receiving element 44b is turned on, the capacitor 437 stores a capacitor voltage, and when the first light receiving element 42b and the second light receiving element 44b are not turned on, the capacitor 437 releases the capacitor voltage to the voltage divider circuit, and the voltage divider point 436 generates the first voltage.

The voltage divider circuit 435 includes a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2 connected in series in sequence, one end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to one end of the capacitor 437 (the second parallel point 432), one end of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to the other end of the capacitor 437 (ground), and when the capacitor 437 releases the capacitor voltage, the capacitor voltage is divided by the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, so that the voltage dividing point 436 has the first voltage. In some embodiments, the voltage divider circuit 435 further includes a parallel capacitor 439 connected in parallel with the second resistor R2.

Therefore, when the ac power supply apparatus 20 is normally supplying ac power, the first and second light receiving elements 42b and 44b are turned on alternately, and the capacitor 437 is maintained at a voltage level close to the dc power 46, so that the voltage (first voltage) at the voltage dividing point 436 is approximately the dc power multiplied by R2 divided by (R1+ R2). When the ac power supply device 20 is powered off and the intensity of the light emitted by the first or second light emitting elements 42a and 44a (driven by the capacitor of the current limiting circuit 415 discharging) cannot turn on the corresponding first or second light receiving elements 42b and 44b, the capacitor 437 discharges from the first and second resistors R1 and R2, so that the voltage (first voltage) at the voltage dividing point 436 decreases. Therefore, the voltage value of the first voltage varies according to the power state of the alternating current power supply.

The level determination circuit 60 is electrically connected to the power source 46 (DC power source) and has a reference input terminal 452r, a reference level Vref, and an output terminal 452 c. The level determination circuit 60 selectively outputs the abnormal signal at the output terminal 452c by comparing the first voltage (the voltage of the voltage dividing point 436) with the reference level Vref.

Referring to fig. 2, the level decision circuit 60 includes a pre-resistor 454 and a comparator 452. The pre-resistor 454 is connected in series with the comparing element 452, and the series-connected pre-resistor 454 and comparing element 452 are connected in parallel between the dc power supply 46 and ground. The comparison element 452 compares the first voltage with the reference level Vref and outputs a comparison result at the connection point of the pre-resistor 454 and the comparison element 452 (i.e., the aforementioned output terminal 452 c). In some embodiments, the comparison element 452 is a voltage regulator having a reference level Vref. One end of the pre-resistor 454 is electrically connected to the cathode 452c of the comparing element 452, the other end of the pre-resistor 454 is electrically connected to the dc power supply 46, the anode 452a of the comparing element 452 is grounded, and the reference input 452r of the comparing element 452 is electrically connected to the voltage dividing point 436. When the voltage of the comparing element 452 at the voltage-dividing point 436 is higher than the reference level Vref, the anode 452a and the cathode 452c are turned on, so that the potential of the cathode 452c is substantially equal to the potential of the anode 452a, in this embodiment, the potential of the cathode 452c is substantially grounded. In the above description, the comparator 452 is operated in the saturation region and the cut-off region.

Continuing with the operation of the isolation circuit 410 and the coupling circuit 430, when the ac power supply apparatus 20 is normally supplying ac power, the first and second light-receiving elements 42b and 44b are turned on alternately, and the voltage at the voltage-dividing point 436 (i.e., the reference input terminal 452R) is about the dc power multiplied by R2 and divided by (R1+ R2). In some embodiments, the reference level Vref of the comparing element 452 is lower than the dc power multiplied by R2 divided by (R1+ R2), so that when the ac power supply apparatus 20 normally supplies ac power, the voltage (first voltage) at the voltage dividing point 436 is higher than the reference level Vref, so that the comparing element 452 is turned on, the potential of the cathode 452c is substantially equal to the potential of the anode 452a, i.e. the potential of the cathode 452c is substantially grounded, and therefore, the external control circuit 50 can know that the ac power supply apparatus 20 is normally powered by determining that the output 452c is grounded. In other words, when the potential of the output end 452c is substantially grounded, the aforementioned "no abnormal signal is output".

When the ac power supply apparatus 20 is powered off, the reference input terminal 452r receives the voltage (i.e. the first voltage) from the voltage dividing point 436, which decreases with time, and when the voltage of the reference input terminal 452r is lower than the reference level Vref, the comparing element 452 is turned from on to off, and at this time, the level of the output terminal (the cathode) 452c is substantially close to the voltage value of the dc power supply, so the external control circuit 50 can determine that the ac power supply apparatus 20 is powered off by determining the level of the output terminal 452 c. The voltage signal outputted from the output terminal (cathode) is the comparison result outputted from the level determination circuit 60, and when the voltage signal is substantially grounded, that is, it indicates that the power supply of the ac power supply device 20 is normal, the comparison result is "no abnormal signal is outputted". When the voltage signal is substantially the voltage value of the dc power, i.e. the ac power supply device 20 is not supplying power normally (e.g. stopping supplying power or cutting off power), the comparison result is "output abnormal signal".

In some embodiments, in order to adjust the time when the detection circuit 40 sends the abnormal signal when the ac power supply device 20 is powered off to the level determination circuit 60, the capacitance of the capacitor 437, the impedance of the first resistor R1, the impedance of the second resistor R2, and/or the capacitance of the parallel capacitor 439 may be adjusted.

The anti-parallel connection means that the anode of the first light emitting element 42a is electrically connected to the cathode of the second light emitting element 44a, and the cathode of the first light emitting element 42a is electrically connected to the anode of the second light emitting element 44 a. The term "parallel-coupled" as used herein means that the emitter of the first light receiving element 42b is electrically connected to the emitter of the second light receiving element 44b, and the collector of the first light receiving element 42b is electrically connected to the collector of the second light receiving element 44 b.

In summary, the power conversion apparatus 10 according to one or more embodiments of the present invention can detect the power state of the ac power source, and send an abnormal signal to the external control circuit 50 when the power state is power off, so as to facilitate the external control circuit 50 to perform the pre-operation before the shutdown of the load or the external electronic device.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.