阅读说明：本技术 一种漂浮式太阳能海水淡化-制盐双效装置 (Floating type solar double-effect device for seawater desalination and salt production ) 是由 孙杰 龚震 郑澳辉 贺煊 马泽华 夏一航 李东辉 于 2020-05-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种漂浮式太阳能海水淡化-制盐双效装置,该装置主要包括：菲涅尔透镜、淡水收集器、盐分收集器、毛细输水层和吃水深度标尺,其中：淡水收集器由冷凝面、淡水收集口、淡水排出口及密封塞构成。淡水收集器与盐分收集器均为环形腔体结构；菲涅尔透镜位于淡水收集器正上方并与之紧密结合；光热转化层位于盐分收集器正上方并与之紧密结合。利用本发明,可以在自漂浮状态下通过聚光太阳能的光热转化同时进行海水淡化与盐分提取并分别收集,实现了太阳能以及海水资源的高效综合利用。(The invention provides a floating solar energy sea water desalination-salt making double-effect device, which mainly comprises: fresnel lens, fresh water collector, salinity collector, capillary water-transfer layer and draft scale, wherein: the fresh water collector consists of a condensing surface, a fresh water collecting port, a fresh water discharging port and a sealing plug. The fresh water collector and the salinity collector are both of annular cavity structures; the Fresnel lens is positioned right above the fresh water collector and is tightly combined with the fresh water collector; the light-heat conversion layer is positioned right above the salt collector and is tightly combined with the salt collector. By utilizing the invention, the seawater desalination and the salt extraction can be simultaneously carried out and respectively collected by the photo-thermal conversion of the concentrated solar energy in the self-floating state, thereby realizing the high-efficiency comprehensive utilization of the solar energy and the seawater resources.)

1. The floating type solar double-effect device for sea water desalination and salt production is characterized by comprising a device body, wherein the device body comprises a fresh water collector (2) and a salt collector (3), the salt collector (3) is arranged inside the fresh water collector (2), a Fresnel lens (1) is arranged right above the fresh water collector (2), the Fresnel lens (1) is tightly combined with the fresh water collector (2), and a photo-thermal conversion layer (4) tightly combined with the salt collector (3) is arranged right above the salt collector (3);

the light-heat conversion layer (4) is overlapped above the salt collector (3) to form a closed space together with the salt collector.

2. The floating solar double-effect device for seawater desalination and salt production according to claim 1, wherein the device body is cylindrical, and the Fresnel lens (1), the fresh water collector (2), the salt collector (3), the photothermal conversion layer (4) and the capillary water transfer layer (5) are all of a revolving body structure and are coaxially mounted in relative positions.

3. The floating solar double effect device for sea water desalination and salt production as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fresh water collector (2) and the salt collector (3) are of an integral structure.

4. The floating solar double-effect device for seawater desalination and salt production according to claim 1, wherein the photothermal conversion layer (4) is made of porous photothermal conversion material for efficient photothermal conversion, the photothermal conversion layer (4) is located above and in close contact with the capillary water-transporting layer (5), the capillary water-transporting layer (5) is located inside the salt collector (3), and the capillary water-transporting layer (5) is made of hydrophilic porous material for efficient seawater transportation.

5. The floating solar double-effect device for seawater desalination and salt production as claimed in claim 4, wherein the capillary water-transporting layer (5) is filled in the cylindrical space at the bottom of the photothermal conversion layer (4), and the contact area between the capillary water-transporting layer (5) at the bottom and the photothermal conversion layer (4) only occupies a small part of the lower surface of the photothermal conversion layer (4).

6. The floating solar double-effect device for sea water desalination-salt production according to claim 1, wherein the fresh water collector (2) and the salt collector (3) are both in an annular cavity structure.

7. The floating solar double effect device for sea water desalination and salt production as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the fresh water collector (2) is a condensation surface (7), the condensation surface (7) is shaped like the side surface of a reversed truncated cone structure, and the fresh water collector (2) is used for condensing and collecting steam.

8. The floating solar double effect device for sea water desalination and salt production as claimed in claim 7, wherein the bottom of the condensation surface (7) is provided with a fresh water collection port (8), and the fresh water collection port (8) is used for collecting the condensed fresh water into the fresh water collector (2); the bottom surface of the fresh water collector (2) is provided with a fresh water outlet (9) and a sealing plug (10), and the fresh water outlet (9) is used for taking out the collected fresh water.

9. The floating solar double-effect device for sea water desalination and salt production as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top of the salt collector (3) is free of structure and forms a closed cavity together with the lower surface of the photothermal conversion layer (4), the salt collector (3) is used for collecting salt separated from the lower surface of the photothermal conversion layer (4), and the collected salt can be taken out after the salt collector (3) is separated from the photothermal conversion layer (4).

10. The floating solar double-effect device for sea water desalination and salt production as claimed in claim 1, wherein the side of the fresh water collector (2) is provided with a draft scale (6).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of solar heat utilization, in particular to a floating type solar double-effect device for seawater desalination and salt production.

Background

Fresh water resources are an indispensable resource in human life and production, more than 97% of water resources on the earth are saline water resources, and less than 3% of the fresh water resources can be directly utilized. In the face of increasingly scarce water resources, the seawater desalination technology is more and more favored by many coastal countries with water resources shortage as an incremental technology of fresh water resources. At present, over 20 kinds of global seawater desalination technologies are available, and the technologies are mainly divided into two main categories, namely distillation methods and membrane methods. The two methods have advantages and disadvantages respectively: the distillation method has low requirements on the pretreatment of seawater, has high quality of desalted water, but has high energy consumption; the membrane method has the characteristics of low investment and low energy consumption, but has slightly high requirements on the pretreatment of seawater and needs to be periodically replaced.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the floating type solar double-effect device for seawater desalination-salt production, which can realize seawater desalination by using solar energy, is clean and green, can also realize the collection of salt in seawater, and improves the comprehensive utilization level of seawater.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a floating type solar double-effect device for sea water desalination and salt production comprises a device body, wherein the device body comprises a fresh water collector 2 and a salt collector 3, the salt collector 3 is arranged inside the fresh water collector 2, a Fresnel lens 1 is arranged right above the fresh water collector 2, the Fresnel lens 1 is tightly combined with the fresh water collector 2, and a photo-thermal conversion layer 4 tightly combined with the salt collector 3 is arranged right above the salt collector 3;

the light-heat conversion layer 4 is overlapped above the salt collector 3 to form a closed space together with the salt collector.

The device body is integrally cylindrical, and the Fresnel lens 1, the fresh water collector 2, the salinity collector 3 and the photo-thermal conversion layer 4 are all of a revolving body structure and are coaxially arranged at opposite positions.

The fresh water collector 2 and the salt collector 3 are of an integrated quartz structure.

The Fresnel lens 1 focuses sunlight on the upper surface of the photothermal conversion layer 4 to provide energy for seawater vaporization.

The photothermal conversion layer 4 is made of a porous photothermal conversion material and is used for realizing efficient photothermal conversion, the photothermal conversion layer 4 is located above the capillary water transport layer 5 and is in close contact with the capillary water transport layer, the capillary water transport layer 5 is located inside the salinity collector 3, and the capillary water transport layer 5 is made of a hydrophilic porous material and is used for realizing efficient seawater transportation.

The capillary water-transporting layer 5 is filled in the cylindrical space at the bottom of the photothermal conversion layer 4, and the contact area of the capillary water-transporting layer 5 at the bottom and the photothermal conversion layer 4 only occupies a small part of the lower surface of the photothermal conversion layer 4.

The fresh water collector 2 and the salinity collector 3 are both of annular cavity structures.

The upper surface of the fresh water collector 2 is a condensation surface 7, the shape of the condensation surface 7 is similar to that of the side surface of an inverted circular truncated cone-shaped structure, and the fresh water collector 2 is used for condensing and gathering steam; a fresh water collecting port 8 is arranged at the bottom of the condensing surface 7, and the fresh water collecting port 8 is used for collecting condensed fresh water into the fresh water collector 2; the bottom surface of the fresh water collector 2 is provided with a fresh water outlet 9 and a sealing plug 10, and the fresh water outlet 9 is used for taking out the collected fresh water.

Salt collector 3 tops do not have the structure, form the closed cavity jointly with 4 lower surfaces of light and heat conversion layer, and salt collector 3 is used for collecting the salt that 4 lower surfaces of light and heat conversion layer were appeared, can take out the salt of collection after salt collector 3 separates with 4 of light and heat conversion layer.

And a draft depth scale 6 is arranged on the side surface of the fresh water collector 2.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. by utilizing the invention, the energy required in the seawater desalination and salt extraction processes is completely from solar energy, the energy consumption is zero, the ecological concept of environmental protection is met, and the high-efficiency comprehensive utilization of solar energy and seawater resources is realized.

2. The device has higher integration level, can float on the sea surface by means of self buoyancy during working, does not need an additional supporting device, has simple structure, lower cost, convenient installation and arrangement and good stability. In addition, the device can be suitable for different fresh water output requirements only by adjusting the number of the devices, and is very friendly to large-scale use or small-scale use.

3. By utilizing the device and the method, the local fluid on the surface of the photothermal conversion layer is directly heated by focusing sunlight, and the device is more efficient and faster compared with an overall heating mode in the traditional solar seawater desalination device, so that the utilization efficiency of solar energy is improved.

4. The invention has more advantages for the use in island areas with sufficient sunlight irradiation and areas or environments such as naval vessels and ships. Such areas have good lighting conditions, but fresh water resources, fossil fuels, or electrical power resources are relatively precious. The invention can relatively reduce the contradiction of the demands and produce fresh water under the condition of not occupying fossil fuel and electric power resources. In addition, the invention has the obvious characteristic of compact structure, so the invention is very convenient to carry and install and meets the use requirements of the regional environment.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar double-effect device for seawater desalination and salt production.

FIG. 2 is an assembly schematic view of the solar energy sea water desalination-salt making double-effect device provided by the invention.

The parts in the figure are correspondingly marked as: 1-a Fresnel lens; 2-a fresh water collector; 3-a salt collector; 4-a light-heat conversion layer; 5-capillary water transport layer; 6-draft depth scale; 7-condensation surface; 8-fresh water collection port; 9-fresh water outlet; 10-sealing plug.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar double-effect device for seawater desalination and salt production, which mainly comprises: fresnel lens 1, fresh water collector 2, salinity collector 3, light and heat conversion layer 4, capillary water transport layer 5 and draft scale 6, wherein: the Fresnel fresh water collector 2 is composed of a condensing surface 7, a fresh water collecting port 8, a fresh water discharging port 9 and a sealing plug 10.

The fresh water collector 2 and the salinity collector 3 are both of annular cavity structures; the Fresnel lens 1 is positioned right above the fresh water collector 2 and is tightly combined with the fresh water collector; the photothermal conversion layer 4 is located right above and closely combined with the salt collector 3.

The fresnel lens 1 is used to collect the illumination radiation and focus it on the photothermal conversion surface to provide energy for the vaporization of seawater. In addition, to prevent steam from escaping from the upper surface 1 of the device, the connection between the fresnel lens 1 and the condensation surface 7 of the upper surface of the fresh water collector 2 should not allow for gaps.

The fresh water collector 2 and the salinity collector 3 are of an integrated glass structure. The condensation surface 7 on the steam collector 2 is a side surface with an inverted truncated cone structure and is used as a place for steam condensation. An annular fresh water collecting port 8 is carved at the bottom of the condensing surface 7, and the fresh water condensed on the wall surface flows into the fresh water collector 2 through the fresh water collecting port 8. The bottom of the fresh water collector 2 is provided with a fresh water outlet 9 which is sealed by a sealing plug 10 during normal operation.

The top of the salinity collector 3 is free of structure, and forms a closed cavity together with the lower surface of the photothermal conversion layer 4, so as to collect the salinity separated out from the lower surface of the photothermal conversion layer 4. The salt collector 3 may be separated from the photothermal conversion layer 4 and then the collected salt may be taken out. Meanwhile, the structure can effectively isolate the heat transfer between the photothermal conversion layer 4 and the bottom seawater plane, reduce energy loss and improve the utilization level of irradiation energy and the output rate of steam.

The photothermal conversion layer 4 is made of a porous photothermal conversion material and is used for realizing high-efficiency photothermal conversion, and the capillary water transfer layer 5 is made of a hydrophilic porous material and is used for realizing high-efficiency seawater transportation. The light-heat conversion layer 4 is located above the capillary water-transporting layer 5 and is in close contact with the capillary water-transporting layer 5, seawater is transported to the light-heat conversion layer 4 through the capillary action of the capillary water-transporting layer 5, and a vaporization process is carried out under a light-gathering condition, so that steam flows out through the upper surface of the light-heat conversion layer 4 due to the difference between the local temperature of the upper surface and the local salt saturation rate of the light-heat conversion layer 4 and salt is separated out through the lower surface of the light-heat conversion layer 4.

The device utilizes solar energy to desalt the seawater and has the obvious advantages of low energy consumption, low operation cost, environmental friendliness and the like. In addition, because the energy source of the solar seawater desalination technology is mainly illumination radiation, the limitation on various conditions of the seawater desalination system is obviously reduced, namely the seawater desalination system is not limited by power resources and geographical position factors, and the solar seawater desalination technology has obvious advantages and extremely high application value for areas such as frontier islands where the power resources are precious and the illumination is sufficient.

The solar seawater desalination device is generally called a solar distiller because the seawater desalination is mainly realized by a distillation method, namely, the seawater is heated by solar energy to realize saturated gasification of water and then condensed and collected. The research on the solar distiller mainly focuses on the selection of materials, the improvement of various thermal properties and the matching of the solar distiller with various solar heat collectors. Compared with the traditional power source and heat source, the solar energy has the advantages of safety, environmental protection and the like, and the combination of two systems of solar energy collection and desalination process is a sustainable development seawater desalination technology.

The device adopts an integrated floating structure design, only needs to be placed on the sea surface with illumination conditions during working, avoids a supporting device, has simple structure, convenient carrying and non-severe working conditions, and has better maneuvering capability and expansion capability. In addition, the device is different from a heating mode that the heat transfer in the traditional device is dependent on heating all seawater from the side wall of the container to the inside of the seawater, but sunlight is converged on the photothermal conversion surface to generate local high temperature, so that part of the seawater subjected to illumination is quickly evaporated out, and the generated salt is collected at the same time, and the utilization efficiency of solar energy is improved.

As shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is an assembly schematic view of the solar energy double-effect device for sea water desalination-salt production provided by the invention. The whole body of the device is cylindrical, and all the components are of a rotary body structure and are coaxially arranged according to the relative positions shown in the figure when the device is arranged. The Fresnel lens 1 is positioned right above the device and is in seamless joint with the condensation surface 7, the fresh water collector 2 and the salt collector 3 are of an integrated quartz structure, the light-heat conversion layer 4 is overlapped above the salt collector 3 as shown in the figure to form a closed space together with the salt collector, and the capillary water transfer layer 5 is filled in the cylindrical space at the bottom.

Since the contact area of the bottom capillary water transport layer 5 and the light-heat conversion layer 4 occupies only a small portion of the lower surface of the light-heat conversion layer 4, a difference in humidity is formed in which the light-heat conversion layer 4 has a high degree of wetting at the center and gradually decreases in the radial direction, and at the same time, the upper portion of the light-heat conversion layer 4 is at a higher temperature and is saturated with steam. This causes the seawater to be saturated on the outer lower surface and to separate out salt, which will naturally fall off after accumulating to some extent and then be collected in the bottom salt collector 3.

In the actual working process, when the solar double-effect device for seawater desalination and salt production is in an initial state, the fresh water collector 2 and the salt collector 3 are both empty, and buoyancy can be provided to enable the device to float on the sea surface integrally; when the device normally works, the device simultaneously obtains fresh water and salt by utilizing the concentrated solar energy, and respectively collects the fresh water and the salt in the fresh water collector 2 and the salt collector 3, and the draught of the device is continuously increased in the process and is displayed by the draught scale 6; when the draught reaches a certain preset value, the fresh water and the salt in the fresh water collector 2 and the salt collector 3 are fully collected, at the moment, the device is taken back from the sea surface, the sealing plug 10 at the bottom of the fresh water collector 2 is taken down, the fresh water flows out from the fresh water discharge port 9, and the collected salt is taken out by taking down the photo-thermal conversion layer 4 at the top of the salt collector 3.

The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.