阅读说明：本技术 一种缓冲型堆肥膨松剂及其使用方法 (Buffer type compost leavening agent and using method thereof ) 是由 陈平 梁晶 张青青 伍海兵 何小丽 徐冰 于 2020-06-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种缓冲型堆肥膨松剂,通过如下方法制备,包括将生物质废弃物干燥、粉碎后,限氧热解,得到生物炭,将获得的生物炭与微生物菌剂充分混合共发酵,再加入木屑、农林废弃物、发酵废弃物中的任意一种或者两种以上的物质,充分混合,填入塑料容器中,制备成缓冲型膨松剂。使用时,将膨松剂与堆肥混合,重复搅拌,保证膨松剂位于堆肥内部,且不堆积于一处,加入量为堆肥体积的1-30%。本发明利用生物质废弃物制备的生物炭,具有较高的比表面积和孔隙,较多的表面官能团,具有良好的吸水性和保水性,大大降低高含水量堆肥的初始含水量,增加堆肥内部的空气含量,同时调节堆肥中后期后水分蒸发过量的问题,延长堆肥的高温期,加快堆肥腐熟程度。(A buffering-type leavening agent for compost is prepared through drying and pulverizing the waste biomass, limited-oxygen pyrolysis to obtain biochar, mixing it with microbial bacteria, fermenting, adding one or more of wood dust, agricultural and forest waste and fermented waste, mixing, and filling in plastic container. When the compost is used, the leavening agent is mixed with the compost and repeatedly stirred, so that the leavening agent is positioned in the compost and is not piled up at one position, and the adding amount is 1-30% of the volume of the compost. The biochar prepared by utilizing the biomass waste has higher specific surface area and pores, more surface functional groups and good water absorption and water retention, greatly reduces the initial water content of the high-water-content compost, increases the air content in the compost, simultaneously solves the problem of excessive water evaporation in the middle and later stages of the compost, prolongs the high-temperature period of the compost and accelerates the composting degree.)

1. A buffer type compost leavening agent is characterized by being prepared by the following steps:

1) a step of preparing biological waste particles, drying and crushing biological waste to obtain biological waste particles; the biological waste comprises any one or a mixture of more than two of biogas residue waste, first agricultural waste, first forestry waste and fermentation waste in any proportion;

2) a step of preparing biochar, namely carrying out limited-oxygen pyrolysis on the biological waste particles obtained in the step 1) at the temperature of 200-600 ℃ for 1-5 h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain biochar;

3) adding the biochar obtained in the step 2) into a microbial agent, wherein the strain in the microbial agent is any one or mixture of more than two of bacillus subtilis, paenibacillus polymyxa, pseudomonas, actinomycetes, azomonas, klebsiella, trichoderma and aspergillus in any proportion, and the concentration of the microbial agent is 10⁶～10⁸cfu/ml, adding microbial agent, fermenting at 25-38 deg.C for 1-24h, and drying at room temperature;

4) fully mixing the biochar obtained in the step 3) with any one or more than two of sawdust, second agricultural and forestry waste and second fermentation waste in any proportion, wherein the mass percentage of the biochar in the mixed materials is 50-98%;

5) and (3) filling the biochar mixture obtained in the step 4) into a plastic container, wherein through holes are formed in the outer surface of the plastic container, so that the buffer type compost leavening agent is obtained.

2. The buffered compost leavening agent of claim 1, wherein: the plastic container is spherical and has a diameter of 1-30 cm.

3. The buffered compost leavening agent of claim 1, wherein: sieving the crushed waste in the step 1) by a sieve of 10-100 meshes for later use.

4. The buffered compost leavening agent of claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the temperature of the oxygen-limited pyrolysis is 300-600 ℃.

5. The buffered compost leavening agent of claim 1, wherein: and 4) the length of the wood chips, the agricultural and forestry wastes and the fermentation wastes is 2-30 cm.

6. The buffered compost leavening agent of claim 1, wherein: in the step 5), the plastic container is cylindrical.

7. A method of using the buffered compost leavening agent of claim 1, wherein: the leavening agent is mixed with the compost, the addition amount is 1-30% of the compost volume, and the stirring is repeated, so that the leavening agent is positioned in the compost.

The technical field is as follows:

the invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to a compost leavening agent, and specifically relates to a buffer type compost leavening agent and a use method thereof.

Background art:

aerobic composting is one of the main methods for waste disposal, and the initial water content of the compost is more suitable to be 60%, but the general water content of sewage sludge, anaerobic fermentation residue biogas residues, fresh livestock and poultry manure and the like is higher and reaches about 80%, the air permeability is poor, the compost cannot be independently carried out, and the compost is convenient after the water content is reduced by adding materials such as leavening agents.

The leavening agent can adjust the moisture content and the internal space of the compost. If the water content of the compost is too high, the pore structure in the compost is insufficient, the diffusion of oxygen can be hindered, the anaerobic condition is caused, aerobic microorganisms can not reproduce to generate heat, and the quality of the compost is further influenced. The addition of leavening agents can provide suitable internal space for the compost heap, allowing sufficient water and gas exchange between the gas and solid phases to prevent overcompaction of the compost material (Bioresource Technology,2010,101(6): 1913-.

Biochar (biochar) is a solid substance obtained by pyrolyzing biomass under the condition of oxygen deficiency or limited oxygen, has the characteristics of good water absorption, high specific surface area, strong electron exchange property, multiple pores, abundant carbonaceous components and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of soil improvement, composting and the like.

Through the search of documents, the current patents related to the biogas residues mainly focus on the application of the biogas residues (CN108440797B and CN105732193B), a characterization method of the decomposition degree of the biogas residues (CN106442381B) and the like, and the patents for accelerating the composting process are fewer.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a preparation method and a use method of a buffer type compost leavening agent, and the preparation method of the buffer type compost leavening agent aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, composts such as sewage sludge, anaerobic fermentation residue biogas residues and fresh livestock and poultry manure have high water content and poor air permeability and can not be composted independently.

The invention provides a buffer type compost leavening agent, which is prepared by the following steps:

1) a step of preparing biological waste particles, drying and crushing biological waste to obtain biological waste particles; the biological waste comprises any one or a mixture of more than two of biogas residue waste, first agricultural waste, first forestry waste and fermentation waste in any proportion;

2) a step of preparing biochar, namely carrying out limited-oxygen pyrolysis on the biological waste particles obtained in the step 1) at the temperature of 200-600 ℃ for 1-5 h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain biochar;

3) adding the biochar obtained in the step 2) into a microbial agent, wherein the strain in the microbial agent is any one or mixture of more than two of bacillus subtilis, paenibacillus polymyxa, pseudomonas, actinomycetes, azomonas, klebsiella, trichoderma and aspergillus in any proportion, and the concentration of the microbial agent is 10⁶～10⁸cfu/ml, adding microbial agent, fermenting at 25-38 deg.C for 1-24h, and drying at room temperature;

4) fully mixing the biochar obtained in the step 3) with any one or more than two of sawdust, second agricultural and forestry waste and second fermentation waste in any proportion, wherein the mass percentage of the biochar in the mixed materials is 50-98%;

5) and (3) filling the biochar mixture obtained in the step 4) into a plastic container, wherein through holes are formed in the outer surface of the plastic container, so that the buffer type compost leavening agent is obtained.

Furthermore, the plastic container is spherical and has the diameter of 1-30 cm.

Preferably, the crushed waste in the step 1) is screened by a sieve with 10-100 meshes for standby.

Preferably, in the step 2), the temperature of the oxygen-limited pyrolysis is 300-600 ℃.

Preferably, the length of the wood chips, the agricultural and forestry wastes and the fermentation wastes in the step 4) is 2-30 cm.

Preferably, in step 5), the plastic container has a cylindrical shape.

When the invention is used, the leavening agent is mixed with the compost and repeatedly stirred, so that the leavening agent is ensured to be positioned in the compost, not exposed and not piled up at one position, and the adding amount is 1-30% of the volume of the compost.

The invention utilizes the low-temperature oxygen-limited pyrolysis technology to recycle the wastes, and the prepared biochar has the characteristics of high water absorption, water retention, high specific surface area, strong electron exchange property, porosity, rich carbonaceous components and the like. The biochar adsorbed with the microbial agent is fully mixed with wood chips, agricultural and forestry wastes, fermentation wastes and other wastes for co-fermentation, and the mixture is injected into a plastic container to prepare the leavening agent. The larger pieces of waste and plastic provide some dimensional strength to prevent the bulking agent from being compacted in the pack, and the waste itself also has some water absorption. The biochar in the leavening agent provides part of needed microorganisms for composting and simultaneously provides a good gap environment for microorganism propagation. The biochar has good water absorption and water retention capacity, can greatly reduce the water content at the initial stage of composting and accelerate the starting speed of the composting. With the rise of the temperature of the compost in the composting process, partial water is evaporated, and the water absorbed by the leavening agent is reversely supplemented into the compost, so that the high-temperature time of the compost is prolonged, and the decomposition of the compost is greatly accelerated. Meanwhile, the leavening agent can be recycled, so that the cost is greatly reduced.

The invention greatly reduces the stacking difficulty of the high-water content compost, reduces the composting time, accelerates the decomposition degree of the compost, reduces the compost odor and has lower cost. The leavening agent can be used for waste compost, is particularly suitable for high-water-content compost such as sludge compost, biogas residue compost and livestock and poultry manure compost, and has the advantages of rich and cheap raw materials, simple and easy preparation process, good effect, low cost and the like.

The biochar prepared by utilizing the biomass wastes has higher specific surface area and pores, more surface functional groups and good water absorption and water retention, can greatly reduce the initial water content of high-water-content compost (sludge compost, biogas residue compost, livestock and poultry manure compost and the like), increases the air content in the compost, and simultaneously solves the problem of excessive water evaporation in the middle and later stages of the compost.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of positive and obvious technical effect. The invention can be widely applied to high-water-content compost, solves the defects of high water content in the initial stage of the high-water-content compost, compact compost, less internal space, easy formation of local anaerobic environment and the like in the prior art, simultaneously adjusts the problem of excessive water evaporation in the later stage of the compost, prolongs the high-temperature period of the compost and accelerates the decomposition degree of the compost.

Drawings

Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method of preparing a buffered compost leavening agent of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph of the temperature change of compost.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the inventive concept. All falling within the scope of the present invention.