阅读说明：本技术 一种基于区块链的视频发布方法、装置、设备及介质 (Video publishing method, device, equipment and medium based on block chain ) 是由 李金辉 肖雪 王伟兵 李照川 罗森 于 2020-04-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请公开了一种基于区块链的视频发布方法、装置、设备及介质,包括：接收制作者上传的视频,并记录所述制作者的信息、上传所述视频的时间以及所述视频的存储地址；根据所述视频的信息,生成所述视频的标识,其中,所述视频的信息包括视频的参数信息以及视频关键帧信息；将所述视频的信息与已上传的视频的信息进行对比,若所述视频的信息与已存储于区块链的视频的信息相似度小于预设值,则将所述制作者的信息、上传所述视频的时间、所述视频的标识以及所述视频的存储地址作为一条信息写入区块链。(The application discloses a video publishing method, device, equipment and medium based on a block chain, comprising the following steps: receiving a video uploaded by a producer, and recording information of the producer, the time of uploading the video and a storage address of the video; generating an identifier of the video according to the information of the video, wherein the information of the video comprises parameter information of the video and video key frame information; and comparing the information of the video with the information of the uploaded video, and writing the information of the producer, the time for uploading the video, the identification of the video and the storage address of the video into a block chain as one piece of information if the similarity between the information of the video and the information of the video stored in the block chain is smaller than a preset value.)

1. A video distribution method based on a block chain is characterized by comprising the following steps:

receiving a video uploaded by a producer, and recording information of the producer, the time of uploading the video and a storage address of the video;

generating an identifier of the video according to the information of the video, wherein the information of the video comprises parameter information of the video and video key frame information;

and comparing the information of the video with the information of the uploaded video, and writing the information of the producer, the time for uploading the video, the identification of the video and the storage address of the video into a block chain as one piece of information if the similarity between the information of the video and the information of the video stored in the block chain is smaller than a preset value.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the parameter information of the video includes one or more of a color parameter, a contrast parameter, and a brightness parameter.

3. The method for publishing video based on blockchain according to claim 1, wherein before receiving the video uploaded by the producer, the method further comprises:

receiving project information related to the video sent by the producer so that an investor invests in the producer through the video platform, wherein the project information comprises information of the producer and related information of the video.

4. The blockchain-based video distribution method according to claim 3, wherein after the investor invests in the producer through the video platform, the method further comprises:

the project information, the producer information, and the investor information are written as one piece of information into the blockchain.

5. The method for publishing video based on blockchain according to claim 1, wherein before receiving the video uploaded by the producer, the method further comprises:

generating a virtual token, wherein the virtual token is for exchange with other virtual tokens.

6. The method for distributing video based on blockchain according to claim 5, wherein after writing the information of the producer, the time of uploading the video, and the storage address of the video as one piece of information into a blockchain, the method further comprises:

recording virtual tokens awarded to the video by a user viewing the video, and writing an identification of a user awarding a virtual token, a number of awarded virtual tokens, information of the producer, an identification of the video as a piece of information to a blockchain.

7. The blockchain-based video distribution method according to claim 1, wherein after writing the producer's information, the time of uploading the video, the identification of the video, and the storage address of the video as one piece of information into a blockchain, the method further comprises:

opening the forwarding right of the video according to the requirements of the producer so as to allow other users to forward the video and set the cost required by forwarding;

and writing the information of the producer, the information of the forwarder and the cost required by forwarding into a block chain as one piece of information.

8. An apparatus for video distribution based on blockchain, the apparatus comprising:

the receiving unit is used for receiving the video uploaded by a producer and recording information of the producer, the time for uploading the video and a storage address of the video;

the generating unit is used for generating an identifier of the video according to the information of the video, wherein the information of the video comprises parameter information of the video and video key frame information;

and the comparison unit is used for comparing the information of the video with the information of the uploaded video, and if the similarity between the information of the video and the information of the video stored in the block chain is smaller than a preset value, writing the information of the producer, the time for uploading the video, the identification of the video and the storage address of the video into the block chain as one piece of information.

9. A blockchain-based video distribution apparatus, the apparatus comprising:

at least one processor; and the number of the first and second groups,

a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to:

receiving a video uploaded by a producer, and recording information of the producer, the time of uploading the video and a storage address of the video;

generating an identifier of the video according to the information of the video, wherein the information of the video comprises parameter information of the video and video key frame information;

and comparing the information of the video with the information of the uploaded video, and writing the information of the producer, the time for uploading the video, the identification of the video and the storage address of the video into a block chain as one piece of information if the similarity between the information of the video and the information of the video stored in the block chain is smaller than a preset value.

10. A blockchain-based video distribution medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions configured to:

receiving a video uploaded by a producer, and recording information of the producer, the time of uploading the video and a storage address of the video;

generating an identifier of the video according to the information of the video, wherein the information of the video comprises parameter information of the video and video key frame information;

and comparing the information of the video with the information of the uploaded video, and writing the information of the producer, the time for uploading the video, the identification of the video and the storage address of the video into a block chain as one piece of information if the similarity between the information of the video and the information of the video stored in the block chain is smaller than a preset value.

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of computer technologies, and in particular, to a video distribution method, apparatus, device, and medium based on a block chain.

Background

Many video producers, all own some original videos. The video producer can issue the original video of the producer, or authorize the original video to be used by others, or prove the right to maintain when finding that the work is stolen. However, the current video producer often has a tedious process when performing these transactions, so that effective protection of the own works cannot be realized. At the end, the credibility is not high when the video is released, so that the video cannot be well protected.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, embodiments of the present application provide a method, an apparatus, a device, and a medium for video distribution based on a block chain, so as to solve the problems in the prior art that reliability is not high and a good copyright protection cannot be obtained when a video is distributed.

The embodiment of the application adopts the following technical scheme:

the embodiment of the application provides a video publishing method based on a block chain, which comprises the following steps:

receiving a video uploaded by a producer, and recording information of the producer, the time of uploading the video and a storage address of the video;

generating an identifier of the video according to the information of the video, wherein the information of the video comprises parameter information of the video and video key frame information;

and comparing the information of the video with the information of the uploaded video, and writing the information of the producer, the time for uploading the video, the identification of the video and the storage address of the video into a block chain as one piece of information if the similarity between the information of the video and the information of the video stored in the block chain is smaller than a preset value.

Further, the parameter information of the video comprises one or more of a color parameter, a contrast parameter and a brightness parameter.

Further, before receiving the video uploaded by the producer, the method further includes:

receiving project information related to the video sent by the producer so that an investor invests in the producer through the video platform, wherein the project information comprises information of the producer and related information of the video.

Further, after the investor invests in the producer through the video platform, the method further comprises:

the project information, the producer information, and the investor information are written as one piece of information into the blockchain.

Further, before receiving the video uploaded by the producer, the method further includes:

generating a virtual token, wherein the virtual token is for exchange with other virtual tokens.

Further, after writing the information of the producer, the time of uploading the video, and the storage address of the video as one piece of information into a block chain, the method further includes:

recording virtual tokens awarded to the video by a user viewing the video, and writing an identification of a user awarding a virtual token, a number of awarded virtual tokens, information of the producer, an identification of the video as a piece of information to a blockchain.

Further, after writing the information of the producer, the time for uploading the video, the identifier of the video, and the storage address of the video as one piece of information into a block chain, the method further includes:

opening the forwarding right of the video according to the requirements of the producer so as to allow other users to forward the video and set the cost required by forwarding;

and writing the information of the producer, the information of the forwarder and the cost required by forwarding into a block chain as one piece of information.

The embodiment of the present application further provides a video distribution device based on a block chain, where the device includes:

the receiving unit is used for receiving the video uploaded by a producer and recording information of the producer, the time for uploading the video and a storage address of the video;

the generating unit is used for generating an identifier of the video according to the information of the video, wherein the information of the video comprises parameter information of the video and video key frame information;

and the comparison unit is used for comparing the information of the video with the information of the uploaded video, and if the similarity between the information of the video and the information of the video stored in the block chain is smaller than a preset value, writing the information of the producer, the time for uploading the video, the identification of the video and the storage address of the video into the block chain as one piece of information.

An embodiment of the present application further provides a video distribution device based on a block chain, where the device includes:

at least one processor; and the number of the first and second groups,

a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to:

receiving a video uploaded by a producer, and recording information of the producer, the time of uploading the video and a storage address of the video;

generating an identifier of the video according to the information of the video, wherein the information of the video comprises parameter information of the video and video key frame information;

and comparing the information of the video with the information of the uploaded video, and writing the information of the producer, the time for uploading the video, the identification of the video and the storage address of the video into a block chain as one piece of information if the similarity between the information of the video and the information of the video stored in the block chain is smaller than a preset value.

An embodiment of the present application further provides a video distribution medium based on a blockchain, in which computer-executable instructions are stored, where the computer-executable instructions are set to:

receiving a video uploaded by a producer, and recording information of the producer, the time of uploading the video and a storage address of the video;

generating an identifier of the video according to the information of the video, wherein the information of the video comprises parameter information of the video and video key frame information;

and comparing the information of the video with the information of the uploaded video, and writing the information of the producer, the time for uploading the video, the identification of the video and the storage address of the video into a block chain as one piece of information if the similarity between the information of the video and the information of the video stored in the block chain is smaller than a preset value.

The embodiment of the application adopts at least one technical scheme which can achieve the following beneficial effects: according to the embodiment of the application, the video uploaded by a producer is received through the video platform, the video is detected to be compared with the uploaded video, and when the video is determined to meet the requirements, the related information of the video is uploaded to the block chain, so that the reliability of video release is increased, and the video can be well protected.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a video distribution method based on a blockchain according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a video distribution method based on a blockchain according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a video distribution apparatus based on a block chain according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail and completely with reference to the following specific embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a video distribution method based on a block chain according to an embodiment of the present specification, where the following steps may be executed by a video platform in the embodiment of the present specification, and specifically include:

step S101, a video platform receives a video uploaded by a producer, and records information of the producer, time for uploading the video and a storage address of the video.

Step S102, a video platform generates an identifier of the video according to the information of the video, wherein the information of the video comprises parameter information of the video and video key frame information.

Step S103, the video platform compares the information of the video with the information of the uploaded video, and if the similarity between the information of the video and the information of the video stored in the block chain is smaller than a preset value, the information of the producer, the time for uploading the video, the identification of the video and the storage address of the video are written into the block chain as one piece of information.

In step S103 in this embodiment of the present disclosure, when the video platform compares the information of the video with the information of the uploaded video, the information of the video may be compared with the video information written into the block chain, or the information of the video may be compared with all the video information uploaded to the video platform.

According to the embodiment of the application, the video uploaded by a producer is received through the video platform, the video is detected to be compared with the uploaded video, and when the video is determined to meet the requirements, the related information of the video is uploaded to the block chain, so that the reliability of video release is increased, and the video can be well protected.

Corresponding to the embodiment, fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a video distribution method based on a block chain according to a second embodiment of the present specification, where the following steps may be executed by a video platform in the embodiment of the present specification, and specifically include:

step S201, a video platform receives project information related to a video sent by the producer, so that an investor invests in the video from the producer through the video platform, where the project information includes information of the producer and related information of the video.

In step S201 of the embodiment of the present specification, a producer may publish project information related to a video in a video platform, raise funds (which may be a virtual token mentioned later) as a production cost of the video, and an investor participating in the raising may become a stockholder of the project. The investor may be able to obtain funds in the project (which may be the later-mentioned virtual tokens) in proportion as a return on investment. The producer's information may include a producer's name, age, sex, contact information, etc., and the related information of the video may include content information of the video and an expense required for producing the video.

In step S202, the video platform writes the project information, the producer information, and the investor investment information into the blockchain as a piece of information.

Step S203, the video platform receives the video uploaded by the producer, and records the information of the producer, the time for uploading the video and the storage address of the video.

In step S203 in this embodiment of the present specification, the storage address of the video may be an address stored in a video platform.

Step S204, the video platform generates the identification of the video according to the information of the video, wherein the information of the video comprises the parameter information of the video and the key frame information of the video.

In step S204 of the embodiment of the present specification, the information of the video may be obtained by parsing by the video platform. The parameter information of the video may include one or more of a color parameter, a contrast parameter, and a brightness parameter. The key frame is the term of computer animation, and the frame is the single image picture of the minimum unit in the animation, which is equivalent to each frame of shot on the motion picture film. The keyframes may correspond to original pictures in a two-dimensional animation. Refers to the frame in which a key action in the movement or change of a character or object is located. Animations from key frame to key frame can be created by software, called transition frames or intermediate frames.

Step S205, the video platform compares the information of the video with the information of the uploaded video, and if the similarity between the information of the video and the information of the video stored in the block chain is smaller than a preset value, writes the information of the producer, the time for uploading the video, the identifier of the video, and the storage address of the video into the block chain as one piece of information.

It should be noted that, in step S205 in the embodiment of the present specification, the preset value may be preset according to a requirement. When the video platform compares the video information with the uploaded video information, the video information may be compared with the video information written into the block chain, or the video information may be compared with all the video information uploaded to the video platform.

In step S205 of the embodiment of the present specification, if the information similarity between the video information and the video stored in the block chain is not less than the preset value, a prompt may be sent to the producer.

In step S206, the video platform generates a virtual token, wherein the virtual token is used to exchange with other virtual tokens.

Step S207, the video platform records the virtual token rewarded by the user watching the video for the video, and writes the identification of the user rewarded with the virtual token, the number of the rewarded virtual tokens, the information of the producer and the identification of the video into a block chain as one piece of information.

In step S207 of the present specification embodiment, a user watching the video may award a favorite video using the virtual token. The identification of the rewarding virtual token user may generate an identification for the user when registering with the video platform.

And step S208, the video platform opens the forwarding right of the video according to the requirements of the producer so as to allow other users to forward the video and set the cost required by forwarding.

Step S209, the video platform writes the producer information, the forwarder information, and the cost required for forwarding as one piece of information into the block chain.

It should be noted that, the user watching the video may issue comments, and according to the quality of the comments, the user watching the video may also obtain the virtual token as an award, wherein the award may be issued by the video platform.

According to the embodiment of the application, the video uploaded by a producer is received through the video platform, the video is detected to be compared with the uploaded video, and when the video is determined to meet the requirements, the related information of the video is uploaded to the block chain, so that the reliability of video release is increased, and the video can be well protected.

Corresponding to the second embodiment, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a video distribution apparatus based on a block chain according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure, which specifically includes: receiving unit 1, generating unit 2 and comparing unit 3.

The receiving unit 1 is configured to receive a video uploaded by a producer, and record information of the producer, a time for uploading the video, and a storage address of the video.

The generating unit 2 is configured to generate an identifier of the video according to information of the video, where the information of the video includes parameter information of the video and video key frame information.

The comparison unit 3 is configured to compare the information of the video with information of an uploaded video, and if the similarity between the information of the video and the information of the video stored in the block chain is smaller than a preset value, write the information of the producer, the time of uploading the video, the identifier of the video, and the storage address of the video into the block chain as one piece of information.

According to the embodiment of the application, the video uploaded by a producer is received through the video platform, the video is detected to be compared with the uploaded video, and when the video is determined to meet the requirements, the related information of the video is uploaded to the block chain, so that the reliability of video release is increased, and the video can be well protected.

An embodiment of the present application further provides a video distribution device based on a block chain, where the device includes:

at least one processor; and the number of the first and second groups,

a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to:

receiving a video uploaded by a producer, and recording information of the producer, the time of uploading the video and a storage address of the video;

generating an identifier of the video according to the information of the video, wherein the information of the video comprises parameter information of the video and video key frame information;

and comparing the information of the video with the information of the uploaded video, and writing the information of the producer, the time for uploading the video, the identification of the video and the storage address of the video into a block chain as one piece of information if the similarity between the information of the video and the information of the video stored in the block chain is smaller than a preset value.

An embodiment of the present application further provides a video distribution medium based on a blockchain, in which computer-executable instructions are stored, where the computer-executable instructions are set to:

receiving a video uploaded by a producer, and recording information of the producer, the time of uploading the video and a storage address of the video;

generating an identifier of the video according to the information of the video, wherein the information of the video comprises parameter information of the video and video key frame information;

and comparing the information of the video with the information of the uploaded video, and writing the information of the producer, the time for uploading the video, the identification of the video and the storage address of the video into a block chain as one piece of information if the similarity between the information of the video and the information of the video stored in the block chain is smaller than a preset value.

In the 90 s of the 20 th century, improvements in a technology could clearly distinguish between improvements in hardware (e.g., improvements in circuit structures such as diodes, transistors, switches, etc.) and improvements in software (improvements in process flow). However, as technology advances, many of today's process flow improvements have been seen as direct improvements in hardware circuit architecture. Designers almost always obtain the corresponding hardware circuit structure by programming an improved method flow into the hardware circuit. Thus, it cannot be said that an improvement in the process flow cannot be realized by hardware physical modules. For example, a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), is an integrated circuit whose Logic functions are determined by programming the Device by a user. A digital system is "integrated" on a PLD by the designer's own programming without requiring the chip manufacturer to design and fabricate application-specific integrated circuit chips. Furthermore, nowadays, instead of manually making an integrated Circuit chip, such Programming is often implemented by "logic compiler" software, which is similar to a software compiler used in program development and writing, but the original code before compiling is also written by a specific Programming Language, which is called Hardware Description Language (HDL), and HDL is not only one but many, such as abel (advanced Boolean Expression Language), ahdl (alternate Language Description Language), traffic, pl (core unified Programming Language), HDCal, JHDL (Java Hardware Description Language), langue, Lola, HDL, laspam, hardsradware (Hardware Description Language), vhjhd (Hardware Description Language), and vhigh-Language, which are currently used in most common. It will also be apparent to those skilled in the art that hardware circuitry that implements the logical method flows can be readily obtained by merely slightly programming the method flows into an integrated circuit using the hardware description languages described above.

The controller may be implemented in any suitable manner, for example, the controller may take the form of, for example, a microprocessor or processor and a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable program code (e.g., software or firmware) executable by the (micro) processor, logic gates, switches, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic controller, and an embedded microcontroller, examples of which include, but are not limited to, the following microcontrollers: ARC 625D, Atmel AT91SAM, Microchip PIC18F26K20, and Silicone Labs C8051F320, the memory controller may also be implemented as part of the control logic for the memory. Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that, in addition to implementing the controller as pure computer readable program code, the same functionality can be implemented by logically programming method steps such that the controller is in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Such a controller may thus be considered a hardware component, and the means included therein for performing the various functions may also be considered as a structure within the hardware component. Or even means for performing the functions may be regarded as being both a software module for performing the method and a structure within a hardware component.

The systems, devices, modules or units illustrated in the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer chip or an entity, or by a product with certain functions. One typical implementation device is a computer. In particular, the computer may be, for example, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a cellular telephone, a camera phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant, a media player, a navigation device, an email device, a game console, a tablet computer, a wearable device, or a combination of any of these devices.

For convenience of description, the above devices are described as being divided into various units by function, and are described separately. Of course, the functionality of the units may be implemented in one or more software and/or hardware when implementing the present application.

As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.

The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

The memory may include forms of volatile memory in a computer readable medium, Random Access Memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). Memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.

Computer-readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium which can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, a computer readable medium does not include a transitory computer readable medium such as a modulated data signal and a carrier wave.

It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The application may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The application may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.

The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.

The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.