阅读说明：本技术 一种原产区培育冬虫夏草的方法 (Method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis in original production area ) 是由 高益槐 王�忠 黄雪峰 于 2020-06-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种原产区培育冬虫夏草的方法,通过建设培育棚和配套设施,改善原产区冬虫夏草的生长环境,引进并培育蝙蝠蛾科昆虫,幼虫孵化并发育至5龄期及以上后,引进携带冬虫夏草菌的食料植物,辅以滴灌系统向草甸土壤中输入冬虫夏草菌菌液,幼虫取食或接触感染后形成僵虫,于次年生长出冬虫夏草子座,形成冬虫夏草。同时通过物联网远程监测和监控冬虫夏草的生长发育状态,采用轮作采收等方式实现可持续性的冬虫夏草培育。(The invention provides a method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis in an original production area, which comprises the steps of improving the growth environment of the cordyceps sinensis in the original production area by building a cultivation shed and supporting facilities, introducing and cultivating bat moth insects, introducing a food plant carrying cordyceps sinensis after larvae are hatched and developed to 5 instars or above, introducing cordyceps sinensis bacterial liquid into meadow soil by assisting a drip irrigation system, feeding or contacting infection with the larvae to form stiff insects, and growing cordyceps sinensis stroma in the next year to form the cordyceps sinensis. Meanwhile, the growth and development states of the cordyceps sinensis are remotely monitored and monitored through the Internet of things, and sustainable cordyceps sinensis cultivation is achieved by adopting modes such as crop rotation and harvesting.)

1. A method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis in an in-situ area is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) selecting a meadow area with a shady slope, low wind power, sufficient rainfall and rich vegetation in 3500-plus-4500 m alpine regions, installing a cordyceps sinensis cultivation sunlight shed and supporting facilities thereof, forming heat preservation protection on the growing environment of plants and host insects in the shed in autumn, winter and spring, regulating and controlling the soil temperature of the meadow in the shed to be 8-16 ℃, the relative humidity to be 45-60%, the relative humidity to be 60-80% and the environmental temperature to be 3-30 ℃; the cultivation environment is remotely monitored, monitored and controlled through the Internet of things, when the humidity is insufficient, the miniature water pump pumps water for drip irrigation and spraying, the humidity of meadow soil layers and the air humidity are ensured, when the temperature is too high, ventilation is enhanced, and when the temperature is low, ventilation is reduced;

2) additionally planting a first batch of food plants including one or more of Polygonum bulborum, Polygonum rotundus, Astragalus membranaceus, Chrysanthemum indicum and Lemongrass in the shed in the last 5 th ten days of the first year;

3) host insect eggs or pupae are introduced in 5-7 months in the first year, a bat moth egg hatching device suitable for the field is adopted to throw in bat moth eggs, 3 hatching devices per square meter and 50-70 eggs per device are adopted; the pupae are thrown in the culture medium, the pupae need to be nursed strictly until eclosion imagoes are mated and spawned, and 25-30 male and female pupaes are respectively thrown in every 20 square meters;

4) culturing a second batch of feed plants including one or two of polygonum bulborum and carrot in a laboratory at a constant temperature of 15 ℃ from 9 months in the first year by adding a nutrient solution of cordyceps sinensis to ensure that the cordyceps sinensis parasitizes in the feed plants;

5) and 6 months in the next year, harvesting the feed plants in the step 4), keeping fresh, carrying the harvested feed plants into a cordyceps sinensis cultivation shed, punching and throwing, wherein the larvae grow to 5 years old to enter a binge eating period, a large amount of supplemented feed plants are taken, a long arrow of a drip irrigation device is used for conveying the nutrient solution of cordyceps sinensis into a meadow soil layer, and the conveying method comprises the following steps: applying the bacterium liquid for 0.67-1.00L/m each minute, wherein the application time is 1 hour each time, and the application is performed once every 2-3 days and is performed 3 times continuously;

6) in the third spring, late spring and early summer, the heads of the stiff insects are cracked to grow stroma, and the ground is broken through to form sporocarps, so that the artificial protection and cultivation of the cordyceps sinensis are realized.

2. The method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis in an in-situ production area according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of cordyceps sinensis in the nutrient solution of cordyceps sinensis in steps 4) and 5) is 3.2 × 10⁶The feed additive is used for feed additive per mL, and also contains 0.1wt.% ecdysone, 0.50-1.50 wt.% nitrogen fertilizer, 2.0-4.0 wt.% potassium fertilizer, 0.3-2.0 wt.% phosphate fertilizer, 0.02-0.20 wt.% medium element fertilizer, 0.01 wt.% trace element fertilizer and 0.1-0.3g/kg vitamin complex.

3. The method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis in an in-situ area according to claim 1, wherein the cordyceps sinensis cultivation sunlight shed is formed by combining a main body steel support and a light-transmitting plate, a ventilation opening is formed in the middle of the greenhouse, insect-proof wire nets with the aperture of 0.5-1.0mm are arranged outside the ventilation opening, and a wind-solar hybrid power generation device, a monitoring system and a peripheral protection fence are arranged outside the greenhouse; the sunshine shed supporting facility comprises a water storage device, a humidifying device, a data monitoring system, an Internet of things system, a plant growth lamp, a pest trapping and killing device and a timing device.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the wind-solar hybrid power generation device comprises a wind power generator and a solar photovoltaic power generation system, and the generated power is used for base illumination, a micro-pump, a monitoring and timing device system.

5. The method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis in an in-situ production area according to claim 3, wherein the water storage devices collect rainwater through the slope of the shed roof and supplement external water sources, so as to keep the water volume sufficient, a miniature water pump is arranged in the water storage devices, the miniature water pump is respectively connected to drip irrigation arrows and spray heads of all humidification devices through pipelines, 1 water storage device is arranged every 30-40 square meters, and a filtering device is arranged at a water inlet.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the hepialus armoricanus egg hatching device is a shell body which is connected with the top and the bottom, an egg hatching groove is formed in the lower portion of the shell body, a grid plate is connected in the egg hatching groove, an egg putting chamber is formed between the grid plate and the top of the egg hatching groove, and the egg putting chamber is pressed into a meadow soil layer by external force without punching or digging turf.

7. The method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis in an in-situ area according to claim 3, wherein a drip irrigation arrow with the length of 15-25cm is used by the humidifying device, the arrow penetrates into a meadow soil layer and 4 pieces per square meter when the arrow is used, the arrow is located in the depth of 10-15cm in summer, the arrow penetrates into the meadow soil layer for less than 15cm in three seasons of autumn, winter and spring, the meadow soil layer is mainly moisturized, and when larvae grow to 5 years or above, cordyceps sinensis bacterium liquid is conveyed into the soil layer through a humidifying pipeline and the arrow and moisturized, so that a bacterium source and a proper environment are provided for infecting grown grass.

8. The method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis in an in-situ area according to claim 3, wherein the internet of things system comprises a wireless network router carrying the internet of things, and network connection is provided for the monitoring system, the monitoring system and the remote controller.

9. The method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis in an in-situ growing area according to claim 3, wherein the timing device is used for controlling the humidifying device, the pest trapping and killing device and the plant growth lamp.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis, in particular to a method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis in an original production area.

Background

Cordyceps sinensis is a special rare Chinese traditional medicine in China and is mainly distributed in high-cold meadow areas such as Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan and Gansu. The formation of cordyceps sinensis is closely related to altitude, vegetation, temperature and humidity, illumination, air pressure, rainwater and the like, the growth conditions are very harsh, and the yield of cordyceps sinensis is greatly reduced due to the degradation of plateau ecological environment and artificial excessive digging, so that the development of artificial cultivation of cordyceps sinensis becomes an important trend of the development of cordyceps sinensis industry.

Under natural conditions, bat moth larvae live in alpine meadow soil and have strict requirements on environmental and climatic conditions, the larvae grow slowly due to the existence of a long-time permafrost layer and generally can grow into larvae of 5-6 years after 3-5 years, meanwhile, grassland vegetation in a producing area is easy to be invaded by the treading of cows and horses and other organisms, the normal growth of food plants of host insects in the area is not facilitated, and the food of the host larvae is insufficient. In order to simulate the wild environment of the cordyceps sinensis in the artificial large-scale feeding process, a large amount of refrigeration equipment is needed, a feeding chamber with good heat insulation performance is built, the temperature and humidity of a production area are simulated, and the like, so that a large amount of manpower and financial resources are consumed for collecting feeding substrates and larva feeds, and the limitation is large; meanwhile, the pupation rate and the pupation rate of the larvae in the artificial feeding process are low, so that artificial heat preservation and moisture preservation are implemented by using the appropriate climatic conditions of the original production area, propagation of the host insects of the cordyceps sinensis and cultivation of the cordyceps sinensis are carried out, the survival rate of the host insects and the infection grass forming rate are improved, the resource protection and sustainable development of the cordyceps sinensis are favorably realized, the cost is saved, and the income of herdsmen is improved.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis in an original production area, which comprises the steps of improving the growth environment of the cordyceps sinensis in the original production area by building a cultivation shed and supporting facilities, introducing and cultivating bat moth insects, introducing a food plant carrying the cordyceps sinensis after larvae are hatched and developed to 5 years old, introducing cordyceps sinensis bacterial liquid into meadow soil by assisting a drip irrigation system, forming stiff insects after the larvae are in contact infection, and growing cordyceps sinensis stroma in the next year to form the cordyceps sinensis. Meanwhile, the growth and development states of the cordyceps sinensis are monitored and monitored through the Internet of things, and sustainable cordyceps sinensis cultivation is achieved by adopting modes such as crop rotation and harvesting.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

in an alpine meadow area with altitude of 3500-4500m and once or existing cordyceps sinensis growing, a cordyceps sinensis cultivation base comprising a greenhouse sunlight shed, a water storage device, a humidifying device, a wind-solar complementary power generation device, a monitoring system, an internet of things system and surrounding fences is established by utilizing the appropriate climatic conditions of the original producing area, and a ventilation opening in the shed is provided with a protection facility to reduce the invasion of natural enemy organisms of host insects and prevent eclosion imagoes from escaping. The growth state of foodstuff plants and the growth state of cordyceps sinensis can be monitored and monitored through the internet of things system, equipment devices such as ventilation, light supplement and humidification are controlled according to actual requirements, and the environment conditions in the greenhouse can be remotely monitored in real time or remotely controlled. A timing device is adopted to control the growth of plants, a micro water pump, the size of an air vent and a pest trapping and killing device.

The method specifically comprises the following steps:

1) selecting a meadow area with a shady slope, low wind power, sufficient rainfall and rich vegetation in 3500-plus-4500 m alpine regions, installing a cordyceps sinensis cultivation sunlight shed and supporting facilities thereof, forming heat preservation protection on plants and host insect growing environments in the shed in autumn, winter and spring, and controlling the temperature of soil layers of the meadow in the shed to be 8-16 ℃, the relative humidity to be 45-60%, the relative air humidity to be 60-80% and the air temperature to be 3-30 ℃; the cultivation environment is remotely monitored, monitored and controlled through the Internet of things, when the humidity is insufficient, the miniature water pump pumps water for drip irrigation and spraying, the humidity of meadow soil layers and the air humidity are ensured, when the temperature is too high, ventilation is enhanced, and when the temperature is low, ventilation is reduced;

2) additionally planting a first batch of food plants including one or more of Polygonum bulborum, Polygonum rotundus, Astragalus membranaceus, Chrysanthemum indicum and Lemongrass in the shed in the last 5 th ten days of the first year;

3) host insect eggs or pupas are introduced in 5-7 months in the first year, a bat moth egg hatching device suitable for the field is adopted to throw eggs, 3 hatching devices per square meter and 50-70 eggs per device are adopted, when pupas are thrown in the shed, strict nursing is required until eclosion is formed, mating and spawning are carried out, and 25-30 male pupas are respectively thrown in every 20 square meters;

4) culturing a second batch of feed plants including one or two of polygonum bulborum and carrot in a laboratory at a constant temperature of 15 ℃ from 9 months in the first year by adding a nutrient solution of cordyceps sinensis to ensure that the cordyceps sinensis parasitizes in the feed plants;

5) and 6 months in the next year, harvesting the feed plants in the step 4), keeping fresh, carrying the harvested feed plants into a cordyceps sinensis cultivation shed, punching and throwing, wherein the larvae grow to 5 years old to enter a binge eating period, a large amount of supplemented feed plants are taken, a long arrow of a drip irrigation device is used for conveying the nutrient solution of cordyceps sinensis into a meadow soil layer, and the conveying method comprises the following steps: applying the bacterium liquid for 0.67-1.00L/m each minute, wherein the application time is 1 hour each time, and the application is performed once every 2-3 days and is performed 3 times continuously; by promoting molting of the larvae, the probability that the cordyceps sinensis infects the host insect larvae is improved, and the larvae gradually form stiff insects after being infected;

6) in the third spring, late spring and early summer, the heads of the stiff insects are cracked to grow stroma, and the ground is broken through to form sporocarps, so that the artificial protection and cultivation of the cordyceps sinensis are realized.

The concentration of the cordyceps sinensis in the nutrient solution of the cordyceps sinensis in the steps 4) and 5) is 3.2 × 10⁶Each mL of the feed also contains 0.1wt.% ecdysone, 0.50-1.50 wt.% nitrogen fertilizer, 2.0-4.0 wt.% potassium fertilizer, 0.3-2.0 wt.% phosphate fertilizer, 0.02-0.20 wt.% medium element fertilizer, 0.01 wt.% trace element fertilizer and 0.1-0.3g/kg of compound vitamin.

The cordyceps cultivation sunlight shed is formed by combining a main body steel support and a light transmission plate, a ventilation opening is formed in the middle of the shed, insect-proof wire nets with the aperture of 0.5-1.0mm are arranged outside the ventilation opening, and a wind-solar complementary power generation device, a monitoring system and a peripheral protection fence are arranged outside the shed; the sunshine shed supporting facility comprises a water storage device, a humidifying device, a data monitoring system, an Internet of things system, a plant growth lamp, a pest trapping and killing device and a timing device.

The wind-solar hybrid power generation device comprises a wind driven generator and a solar photovoltaic power generation system, and the generated power is used for a base illumination system, a miniature water pump system, a monitoring and timing device system.

The water storage device collects rainwater and supplements external water sources through an inclined plane of a shed roof, keeps water quantity sufficient, is internally provided with a miniature water suction pump, is respectively connected to drip irrigation arrows and spray heads of all humidification devices through pipelines, is provided with 1 water storage device every 30-40 square meters, and is provided with a filtering device at a water inlet.

The bat moth egg hatching device suitable for the field comprises a shell which is connected up and down, wherein an egg hatching groove is formed in the lower portion of the shell, a grid plate is connected in the egg hatching groove, an egg feeding chamber is formed between the grid plate and the top of the egg hatching groove, and the bat moth egg hatching device enters a meadow soil layer through external force compression without punching or digging turf.

The humidifying device uses a drip irrigation arrow with the length of 15-25cm, the arrow penetrates into a meadow soil layer and 4 pieces per square meter when the humidifying device is used, the arrow is located in the depth of 10-15cm in summer, the arrow penetrates into the meadow soil layer by 15cm below in three seasons of autumn, winter and spring, the meadow soil layer is mainly moisturized, and when larvae develop to the age of 5 years or above, a humidifying pipeline and the arrow are used for conveying nutrient solution of cordyceps sinensis into the soil layer and moisturizing, so that a fungus source and a proper environment are provided for infecting mature grasses.

The Internet of things system comprises a wireless network router carrying the Internet of things and provides network connection for the monitoring system, the monitoring system and the remote controller.

The timing device is used for controlling the humidifying device, the pest trapping and killing device and the plant growth lamp.

The invention has the advantages that:

the sunlight shed can provide heating conditions for the shed in low-temperature seasons, particularly in winter, food plants in the shed can be kept to grow normally in all seasons or even at night by reducing natural enemy organisms, preserving heat, humidifying and supplementing light by using a plant growth lamp, sufficient food is provided for host larvae in soil layers, meanwhile, the growth environment of cordyceps sinensis and host insects of the cordyceps sinensis is improved, thrown eggs are introduced or pupas are thrown into the shed, the eggs are hatched into larvae and enter meadow soil layers to grow and develop, the number and the survival rate of wild hepialus armywormis larvae are improved by artificial protection such as heat preservation, humidifying and the like, after the larvae develop to 5 years and above, the feed plants obtained by culturing nutrient solution of cordyceps sinensis are thrown as the food of the larvae, a bacteria source (containing 0.1wt% ecdysone) is conveyed into the meadow soil layers in a drip irrigation humidifying mode, the molting of the larvae is promoted, and the probability of the cordyceps sinensis larvae infection is increased, after the larva is infected, stiff insects are gradually formed, and finally sporocarp develops and the soil layer is broken through to form the cordyceps sinensis. And a regional rotation mode is implemented, and the releasing, cultivation management and reasonable harvesting are introduced in a partition and time-sharing manner, so that the sustainable artificial protection cultivation and yield improvement of the cordyceps sinensis under the field condition are realized.

The bacterial source is applied by double insurance. The ecdysone is added to promote larval molting by supplementing the foodstuff cultured by the nutrient solution of the cordyceps sinensis and inputting the cordyceps sinensis bacterial liquid, and the resistance of the larval during molting is relatively weak, so that the infestation of the cordyceps sinensis is facilitated, and the recovery rate and the weed emergence rate of stiff insects are increased.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the present technology.

Detailed Description

1. Site selection and construction

Selecting a shade slope, a small wind power, a meadow area with sufficient rainfall and rich vegetation in a high and cold area with an altitude of 4300m in Sichuan-Tibet plateau, constructing a fence cultivation shed (thin wire netting laid at the top) CK1, and a cordyceps cultivation sunshine shed 3 groups T1-T3, wherein the meadow area is formed by combining a main steel support and a light-transmitting plate, a ventilation opening is arranged in the middle of the meadow area, and an insect-proof wire netting with the aperture of 0.5mm is arranged outside the ventilation opening to prevent external natural enemy organisms from entering and prevent eclosion adults from escaping. The cultivation environment is remotely monitored, monitored and controlled through the Internet of things, when the humidity is insufficient, the miniature water pump pumps water for drip irrigation and spraying, the humidity of meadow soil layers and the air humidity are ensured, when the temperature is too high, ventilation is enhanced, and when the temperature is low, ventilation is reduced;

the wind-solar hybrid power generation device and the monitoring system are arranged outside the shed, and protective fences are arranged around the wind-solar hybrid power generation device and the monitoring system. The water storage device, the humidifying device, the data monitoring system, the internet of things system, the plant growth lamp, the pest trapping and killing device, the timing device and other facilities are matched in the shed. The Internet of things system comprises a wireless network router carrying the Internet of things and provides network connection for the monitoring system, the monitoring system and the remote controller.

The power generated by the wind-solar hybrid system is used for systems such as base illumination, miniature water pumps, monitoring and timing devices and the like.

The timing device is used for controlling the humidifying device, the pest trapping and killing device (comprising a black light lamp and an ultraviolet insecticidal lamp), the plant growth lamp and the like, and is used in the dusk period of the non-hepialus hepiali emergence period.

The water storage device collects rainwater and supplies external water sources through the inclined plane of the shed roof, keeps water quantity sufficient, is internally provided with a miniature water suction pump, is respectively connected to drip irrigation arrows and spray heads of the humidifying devices at each place through pipelines, is provided with 1 water storage device per 35 square meters, and is provided with a filtering device at a water inlet.

2. Dietary plant supplement and cultivation

Planting food plants, namely polygonum bulbosum, astragalus mongholicus and fescue in the greenhouse in the last 5 th ten days of the first year; and turning on a plant growth lamp for light supplement at 7-10 pm every day to keep the normal growth of food plants in the shed at night and promote the development of root systems.

And the drip irrigation and humidification are started once every 3 days, so that the meadow soil layer is kept moist, and the growth and development of food plants are facilitated.

3. Host insect introduction

Fertilized eggs are respectively put in a shed 1, a shed 2, a shed 3 and a shed 4 in 7-month middle ten days, and are respectively set as CK1, T1, T2, T3, 5400 grains per shed and 150 grains per square meter. The method comprises the following steps of putting bat moth eggs in a bat moth egg hatching device suitable for the field, wherein 50 eggs are placed per device, and 3 devices per square meter are placed per device; the average temperature of meadow soil layers in the shed 2-4 (T1-3) is controlled to be 10 ℃, the relative humidity is 50%, and the relative humidity of air in the shed is controlled to be 70% and the temperature is controlled to be 20 ℃.

4. Introduction of Cordyceps sinensis

Culturing a second batch of feed plants including polygonum bulborum and carrot in a laboratory at a constant temperature of 15 ℃ from 9 months in the first year, and adding nutrient solution of cordyceps sinensis to culture so that the cordyceps sinensis parasitizes in the feed plants;

and (4) in 6 months of the next year, collecting the feed plants parasitizing the cordyceps sinensis, collecting the cordyceps sinensis fresh grass growing in the insect source area, the fresh grass with a bacterial membrane and a meadow soil layer, requiring the bodies and the stroma to be complete and have no scars, carrying the cordyceps sinensis fresh grass to a cordyceps sinensis cultivation shed for uniformly holing and putting, and taking a large amount of newly supplemented feed when the larvae grow to 5 years old to enter a binge eating period. In sheds 2, 3 and 4, a long arrow of a drip irrigation device is assisted to convey the nutrient solution of cordyceps sinensis into a soil layer of 15-20cm of a meadow, and the conveying method comprises the following steps: applying the bacterium liquid for 0.85L/m every minute, wherein the application time is 1 hour every time, and the application is performed once every 3 days and is performed 3 times continuously; by promoting molting of the larvae, the probability that the cordyceps sinensis infects the host insect larvae is improved, and the larvae gradually form stiff insects after being infected;

the concentration of Cordyceps sinensis in the nutrient solution is 3.2 × 10⁶The feed also contains 0.1wt.% ecdysone, 0.1wt.% nitrogen fertilizer, 3.0 wt.% potassium fertilizer, 1wt.% phosphate fertilizer, 0.1wt.% medium element fertilizer, 0.01 wt.% trace element fertilizer and 0.2g/kg vitamin complex.

The number of the larva inactivated was investigated at 11 months and counted.

5. Environmental condition control

Controlling the average temperature of meadow soil layers in the greenhouse to be 8-10 ℃, the relative humidity to be 45-60%, the relative humidity of air to be 60-80%, the temperature to be 3-20 ℃, and breaking through the ground to form cordyceps sinensis fruiting bodies after the heads of stiff insects crack to form stroma from late 3 to early 4 months in the third year.

6. Harvesting Cordyceps

The average number of harvested cordyceps sinensis collected in the middle and last ten days of the third year 4 months is detailed in table 1, and as can be seen from table 1, the survival rate, the stiff worm yield rate and the grass yield rate of larvae treated in the greenhouse are all obviously higher than those treated outside the greenhouse, while the survival rate, the stiff worm yield rate and the grass yield rate of larvae treated in the greenhouse 2, the greenhouse 3 and the greenhouse 4 are all obviously higher than those treated in the greenhouse 1.

After the cordyceps sinensis grows out of the ground, 2-3cm of cordyceps sinensis with stroma is collected, 2/3 collected cordyceps sinensis is used as a collection standard, and the rest cordyceps sinensis is left in situ to be ejected as ascospores to serve as a bacterial source for infecting larvae of the next batch.

TABLE 1 statistics of cultivation of Cordyceps in the area of origin

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.