Anti-skid guide plate structure for spinal surgery and manufacturing method thereof
阅读说明：本技术 脊柱外科手术用防滑导板构造及其制作方法 (Anti-skid guide plate structure for spinal surgery and manufacturing method thereof ) 是由 金海明 王向阳 黄崇安 钱天辰 江宇涵 武垚森 徐晖 黄其杉 于 2020-04-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种脊柱外科手术用防滑导板,包括导板本体,导板本体包括与手术节段椎体后表面匹配的内侧面,导板本体上正对需要置入导针的位置开设导孔,导孔上侧具有凸沿,其特征是：所述导板本体内侧面设置有薄层防滑硅胶,所述导板本体上带有钻孔,钻孔处嵌入有导向块,导孔设置于所述导向块上,导向块与钻孔的配合面适配紧贴。本发明的导板覆盖在适配区域时,内侧面的薄层防滑硅胶与脊椎骨骼表面贴合后能够形成较强的摩擦力,且导板在置入导针前可以先取出导向块,将磨钻钻头在需要置入导针的位置先进行定位打磨,打磨后置入导向块,方便施术者沿着导板上的导孔置入导针,而且在钻孔处设置有金属垫层,能够避免电钻触碰导板本体形成塑料碎屑,避免影响术后愈合。(The invention discloses an anti-skid guide plate for spinal surgery, which comprises a guide plate body, wherein the guide plate body comprises an inner side surface matched with the back surface of a vertebral body of an operation section, a guide hole is arranged on the guide plate body and is opposite to a position where a guide pin needs to be placed, and a convex edge is arranged on the upper side of the guide hole, and the anti-skid guide plate is characterized in that: the utility model discloses a baffle, including baffle body, guide hole, guide block and guide hole, the baffle body medial surface is provided with thin layer anti-skidding silica gel, the last drilling that has of baffle body, drilling department embedding have the guide block, the guide hole set up in on the guide block, the fitting surface adaptation of guide block and drilling is hugged closely. When the guide plate is covered in the adaptive area, the thin-layer anti-slip silica gel on the inner side surface can form stronger friction force after being attached to the surface of the vertebra, the guide plate can be taken out of the guide block before the guide pin is placed in, the abrasive drilling bit is firstly positioned and polished at the position where the guide pin needs to be placed, and the guide block is placed after polishing, so that an operator can conveniently place the guide pin in the guide hole of the guide plate, and the metal cushion layer is arranged at the drilling position, so that an electric drill can be prevented from touching the guide plate body to form plastic chips, and postoperative healing is prevented from being influenced.)
1. The utility model provides a spinal surgery uses antiskid baffle, includes the baffle body, the baffle body include with operation segment centrum rear surface matching's medial surface, just set up the guide hole to the position that need put into the guide pin on the baffle body, the guide hole upside has protruding edge, characterized by: the utility model discloses a baffle, including baffle body, drilling department, guide hole, guide block, metal cushion layer, guide block lateral wall, the baffle body medial surface is provided with thin layer anti-skidding silica gel, the last drilling that has of baffle body, drilling department embedding has the guide block, the guide hole set up in on the guide block, the guide block with the fitting surface adaptation of drilling is hugged closely, the drilling medial surface is lined with the metal cushion layer, the lower port cross-section of drilling is circular, drilling upper portion is and to restrict the relative drilling pivoted cross-sectional shape of guide block, have on the guide block lateral wall can with.
2. The non-slip guide plate for spinal surgery according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the thin-layer antiskid silica gel is 0.8-1 mm.
3. The anti-slip guide plate for spinal column surgery according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the thin-layer anti-skidding silica gel is arranged on the local inner side face of the guide plate body, and the rest positions are rough faces.
4. The anti-slip guide plate for spinal column surgery according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the thin-layer anti-skidding silica gel covers the whole inner side face of the guide plate body.
5. The anti-slip guide plate for spinal column surgery according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the back of the guide plate body is symmetrically provided with two fork grooves which are symmetrically distributed, the guide plate is provided with a fixed fork, the fixed fork is provided with two forked prongs matched with the fork grooves, the prongs are inserted into the fork grooves to press the guide plate body tightly, the outer surface of the guide block is conical, and a drill hole is matched with the outer surface of the front end of the guide block.
6. The non-slip guide plate for spinal surgery according to claim 5, wherein: the inner side wall of the drill hole is provided with an embedded groove, the outer side wall of the guide block is provided with an embedded block, and the embedded block is embedded into the embedded groove after the guide block is embedded into the drill hole; the guide plate body is made of transparent materials.
7. The non-slip guide plate for spinal surgery according to claim 6, wherein: the magnetic attraction mechanism A matched with the guide block is arranged on the side wall of the embedded groove and/or the drilling hole, the magnetic attraction mechanism B matched with the magnetic attraction mechanism A is arranged on the side wall of the front end of the guide block and the embedded block, and the magnetic attraction mechanism A and the magnetic attraction mechanism B are attracted after the guide block and the embedded block are respectively inserted into the drilling hole and the embedded groove.
8. The non-slip guide plate for spinal surgery according to claim 4, wherein: the anti-slip layer is thin anti-slip silica gel, and liquid discharge grooves distributed in a staggered mode are distributed on the thin anti-slip silica gel.
9. The manufacturing method of the guide plate for the spinal surgery is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
A. carrying out preoperative CT image scanning on a patient, acquiring image data of a target operation section vertebral body, and carrying out three-dimensional reconstruction;
B. setting the diameter of a screw, and determining screw track data on the guide plate according to the two-dimensional images in all directions;
C. designing a guide plate for the spinal surgery according to the data acquired in the step A, B, and performing 3D printing, wherein the inner side surface of the guide plate body formed by printing the anti-skid guide plate for the spinal surgery is arranged corresponding to the thin anti-skid silica gel layer;
D. and embedding and fixing the thin-layer anti-slip silica gel in the inner side surface of the guide plate body.
10. The method for manufacturing an anti-slip guide plate for spinal surgery according to claim 9, wherein: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
A. obtaining cervical vertebra CT image data from a PACS system, storing the cervical vertebra CT image data in a Dcm format, and then importing the cervical vertebra CT image data into Mimics software to generate views in three different directions of an axis, a crown and a vector;
selecting a Segment area to be operated by using a Segment module function in the Mimics;
B. simulating the placement of pedicle screws, setting the diameter of the screws, and determining screw channels according to the two-dimensional images in all directions;
outputting the sections to be operated and the simulated nail channels from the Mimics, guiding the sections to be operated and the simulated nail channels into the Geomagic, selecting guide plate areas, thickening the areas, and manufacturing a thin plate model;
exporting the thin plate model data generated in the Geomagic, importing the thin plate model data back to the Mimics software, manufacturing a guide plate model, setting the length, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of a guide channel on the required guide plate model by adjusting the length and the diameter of a cylinder for simulating a nail path, and performing Boolean function in the Mimics software to perform Bohr operation among guide plate parts to manufacture the required guide plate model;
C. printing a finished product according to guide plate model data in a 3D mode, setting the inner side face of a guide plate body formed by printing to correspond to the thin-layer anti-slip silica gel in a 3D printing setting, and printing a rough face at a position except the position on the guide plate body;
D. and embedding and fixing the thin-layer anti-slip silica gel in the inner side surface of the guide plate body.
Technical Field
The invention relates to an anti-skid guide plate structure for spinal surgery and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
Among spinal surgeries, posterior pedicle screw internal fixation is undoubtedly the most basic surgical procedure. However, accurate placement of the screws is always difficult, depending on the anatomical variation, the size and orientation of the pedicles. Especially for the patients with cervical vertebra, thoracic vertebra, even spinal deformity, the structure is complex, and there are individual differences, resulting in great variability of the structure, and there is a high risk in the nail placement method by bare hand without the aid of an auxiliary navigation tool. Foreign literature reports that the error rate of pedicle screw setting by hand is 10% -40%, and serious blood vessel and nerve injury is easily caused.
Thus, a 3D printing rapid prototyping template technique based on patient individualization is used to assist in the placement of pedicle screws. This technique has been improved and has now been extended to pedicle screw fixation in various parts of the spine due to its lower cost and simplicity of operation.
The rapid prototyping navigational template technique was first applied to the lumbar pedicle screw placement study by Radermacher equals 1998. The technology is popularized and improved, and is widely applied to the study of screw placement of cervical vertebra, thoracic vertebra, lumbar vertebra, more complicated atlantoaxial, scoliosis and the like.
In the use of ordinary spinal surgery baffle, to the harder patient of bone density height, centrum rear portion cortex bone or position, the difficult breakthrough of its guide pin corresponds centrum cortex bone, and the guide pin skids easily on the cortex bone surface not handled, leads to the location inaccurate, has increased the degree of difficulty that the guide pin was put into, puts into the failure even. And the manufacturing precision of the existing guide plate is not accurate enough, the accuracy of the guide pin insertion cannot be ensured, and the insertion of the hollow screw is further influenced.
Moreover, in thoracic vertebra operation, because thoracic vertebra vertebral plate is relatively smooth, does not have abundant protruding anatomical structure of lumbar vertebrae department, the baffle is placed in thoracic vertebra department and is difficult to the stable position, is unfavorable for putting into of guide pin.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an anti-skid guide plate for spinal surgery, which can be used for positioning on the back surface of a relatively smooth vertebral body vertebral plate and can be used for more accurately positioning and polishing before the guide pin is implanted. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is also to provide a manufacturing method of the anti-skid guide plate for the spinal surgery.
Therefore, the invention provides an anti-skid guide plate for spinal surgery, which comprises a guide plate body, wherein the guide plate body comprises an inner side surface matched with the back surface of a vertebral body of an operation section, a guide hole is arranged on the guide plate body at a position opposite to a position where a guide pin needs to be placed, and the upper side of the guide hole is provided with a convex edge, and the anti-skid guide plate is characterized in that: the utility model discloses a baffle, including baffle body, drilling department, guide hole, guide block, metal cushion layer, guide block lateral wall, the baffle body medial surface is provided with thin layer anti-skidding silica gel, the last drilling that has of baffle body, drilling department embedding has the guide block, the guide hole set up in on the guide block, the guide block with the fitting surface adaptation of drilling is hugged closely, the drilling medial surface is lined with the metal cushion layer, the lower port cross-section of drilling is circular, drilling upper portion is and to restrict the relative drilling pivoted cross-sectional shape of guide block, have on the guide block lateral wall can with.
Furthermore, the thickness of the thin-layer antiskid silica gel is 0.8-1 mm.
Furthermore, the thin-layer anti-skidding silica gel is arranged on the local inner side surface of the guide plate body, and the rest positions are rough surfaces.
Furthermore, the thin-layer anti-slip silica gel covers the whole inner side face of the guide plate body.
Furthermore, the back of the guide plate body is symmetrically provided with two fork grooves which are symmetrically distributed mutually, the guide plate is provided with a fixed fork, the fixed fork is provided with two forked prongs matched with the fork grooves, and the prongs are inserted into the fork grooves to press the guide plate body tightly.
Furthermore, the inner side wall of the drill hole is provided with an embedded block, the outer side wall of the guide block is provided with an embedded block, and the embedded block is embedded into the embedded groove after the guide block is embedded into the drill hole; the guide plate body is made of transparent materials.
Furthermore, a magnetic attraction mechanism A matched with the guide block is arranged on the side wall of the embedded groove and/or the side wall of the drill hole, a magnetic attraction mechanism B matched with the magnetic attraction mechanism A is arranged on the side wall of the front end of the guide block and the embedded block, and the magnetic attraction mechanism A and the magnetic attraction mechanism B are attracted after the guide block and the embedded block are respectively inserted into the drill hole and the embedded groove.
Furthermore, the anti-skid layer is thin anti-skid silica gel, and liquid discharge grooves distributed in a staggered mode are distributed on the thin anti-skid silica gel.
The invention provides a manufacturing method of the guide plate for the spinal surgery, which comprises the following steps:
A. carrying out preoperative CT image scanning on a patient, acquiring image data of a target operation section vertebral body, and carrying out three-dimensional reconstruction;
B. setting the diameter of a screw, and determining screw track data on the guide plate according to the two-dimensional images in all directions;
C. designing a guide plate for the spinal surgery according to the data acquired in the step A, B, and performing 3D printing, wherein the inner side surface of the guide plate body formed by printing the anti-skid guide plate for the spinal surgery is arranged corresponding to the thin anti-skid silica gel layer;
D. and embedding and fixing the thin-layer anti-slip silica gel in the inner side surface of the guide plate body.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
A. obtaining cervical vertebra CT image data from a PACS system, storing the cervical vertebra CT image data in a Dcm format, and then importing the cervical vertebra CT image data into Mimics software to generate views in three different directions of an axis, a crown and a vector;
selecting a Segment area to be operated by using a Segment module function in the Mimics;
B. simulating the placement of pedicle screws, setting the diameter of the screws, and determining screw channels according to the two-dimensional images in all directions;
outputting the sections to be operated and the simulated nail channels from the Mimics, guiding the sections to be operated and the simulated nail channels into the Geomagic, selecting guide plate areas, thickening the areas, and manufacturing a thin plate model;
exporting the thin plate model data generated in the Geomagic, importing the thin plate model data back to the Mimics software, manufacturing a guide plate model, setting the length, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of a guide channel on the required guide plate model by adjusting the length and the diameter of a cylinder for simulating a nail path, and performing Boolean function in the Mimics software to perform Bohr operation among guide plate parts to manufacture the required guide plate model;
C. printing a finished product according to guide plate model data in a 3D mode, wherein the inner side face of a guide plate body formed by printing in the 3D printing setting corresponds to the thin-layer anti-slip silica gel, and a rough face is printed at a position except the position on the guide plate body;
D. and embedding and fixing the thin-layer anti-slip silica gel in the inner side surface of the guide plate body.
1. When the guide plate is covered in the adaptation area, the thin-layer anti-slip silica gel on the inner side surface is attached to the surface of the vertebra bone to form a strong friction force;
2. according to the invention, the guide block can be taken out of the guide plate before the screw is drilled, the abrasive drilling drill bit is firstly positioned and polished at the position where the screw needs to be drilled, and then the guide block is arranged after polishing, because the diameter of the front end of the drill hole is about 3MM and the diameter of the guide hole is 1.8MM, the guide hole is arranged in the guide block, the guide pin can be conveniently arranged in the guide block along the guide hole on the guide plate by an operator, and the metal cushion layer is arranged at the drill hole, so that the abrasive drilling can be prevented from touching the guide plate body to form plastic chips, the chips are prevented from falling into the meat body, and the postoperative healing is finally prevented from being.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a guide plate provided in
Fig. 2 is a side view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the structure of the guide plate in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the split structure of fig. 3.
FIG. 5 is an inside view of a portion of the guide plate of FIG. 1.
Fig. 6 is a sectional view schematically illustrating a split structure of a guide plate according to
FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of the guide plate of FIG. 6 at the borehole.
FIG. 8 is a plan view of the structure of the inner side surface at the drill hole of the guide plate of FIG. 6.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a stationary fork mated with the fork pocket of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. In which like parts are designated by like reference numerals. It should be noted that the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "bottom" and "top," "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, an anti-slip guide plate for spinal surgery provided by the present invention in
Referring to fig. 1 and 9, the back of the guide plate body is symmetrically provided with two
Referring to fig. 6-8, example 2 of the present invention is substantially the same as example 1 except that: the inner side wall of the
Referring to fig. 6, a magnetic attraction mechanism a12 matched with the
The invention provides a manufacturing method of an anti-skid guide plate for spinal surgery, which comprises the following steps:
A. carrying out preoperative CT image scanning on a patient, acquiring image data of a target operation section vertebral body, and carrying out three-dimensional reconstruction;
B. setting the diameter of a screw, and determining screw track data on the guide plate according to the two-dimensional images in all directions;
C. designing a guide plate for the spinal surgery according to the data acquired in the step A, B, and performing 3D printing, wherein the printed inner side surface of the guide plate body is provided with a fixing groove 14 corresponding to the thin anti-skid silica gel layer;
D. and embedding and fixing the thin-layer anti-slip silica gel 4 in the fixing groove 14.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
A. obtaining cervical vertebra CT image data from a PACS system, storing the cervical vertebra CT image data in a Dcm format, and then importing the cervical vertebra CT image data into Mimics software to generate views in three different directions of an axis, a crown and a vector;
selecting a Segment area to be operated by using a Segment module function in the Mimics;
B. simulating the placement of pedicle screws, setting the diameter of the screws, and determining screw channels according to the two-dimensional images in all directions;
outputting the sections to be operated and the simulated nail channels from the Mimics, guiding the sections to be operated and the simulated nail channels into the Geomagic, selecting guide plate areas, thickening the areas, and manufacturing a thin plate model;
exporting the thin plate model data generated in the Geomagic, importing the thin plate model data back to the Mimics software, manufacturing a guide plate model, setting the length, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of a guide channel on the required guide plate model by adjusting the length and the diameter of a cylinder for simulating a nail path, and performing Boolean function in the Mimics software to perform Bohr operation among guide plate parts to manufacture the required guide plate model;
C. printing a finished product according to guide plate model data in a 3D mode, wherein a fixing groove 14 is formed in the inner side surface of a guide plate body formed by printing in the 3D printing setting corresponding to the thin anti-skid silica gel layer 4, and a rough surface is printed at a position on the guide plate body except the position 14;
D. and embedding and fixing the thin anti-slip silica gel layer in the fixing groove 14.
The method can be combined with the data of the surface of the bone to be operated to manufacture the guide plate more conveniently and accurately.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
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