阅读说明：本技术 标准砖制备工艺及标准砖 (Standard brick preparation process and standard brick ) 是由 孙友通 俞立军 于 2020-05-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种标准砖制备工艺及标准砖,涉及建筑用砖及其制备的领域,其工艺包括步骤：1、制坯；2、向砖坯表面喷涂占砖坯质量1-5wt%的表面处理液I；表面处理液I由按质量百分比计的：A、粒径≤1.5㎜的无机矿物粉末5-8%,B、水溶性聚合物3-5%,C、气相二氧化硅1.5-3.0%,D、水余量,组成；无机矿物粉末为纳米氧化铝、冰晶石粉和云母粉的混合物；水溶性聚合物为聚乙烯醇和水溶性壳聚糖的混合物；3、于70-90℃条件下对经过喷涂处理液I的砖坯进行烘干；4、焙烧。本发明的标准砖制备工艺有可有效减少制砖废气中的固态颗粒物含量,具有从源头减少固态颗粒物排放的优势,且制得的标准砖具有物理机械性能佳、耐渗性好的优点。(The invention relates to a standard brick preparation process and a standard brick, relating to the field of building bricks and preparation thereof, wherein the process comprises the following steps: 1. preparing a blank; 2. spraying a surface treatment liquid I accounting for 1-5wt% of the weight of the green brick on the surface of the green brick; the surface treatment liquid I comprises the following components in percentage by mass: A. 5-8% of inorganic mineral powder with the grain diameter not more than 1.5mm, 3-5% of B, 3-5% of water-soluble polymer, 1.5-3.0% of C, fumed silica, and the balance of D and water; the inorganic mineral powder is a mixture of nano alumina, cryolite powder and mica powder; the water-soluble polymer is a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble chitosan; 3. drying the green brick subjected to the spraying treatment liquid I at the temperature of 70-90 ℃; 4. and (4) roasting. The preparation process of the standard brick can effectively reduce the content of solid particles in brick making waste gas, has the advantage of reducing the emission of the solid particles from the source, and has the advantages of good physical and mechanical properties and good permeation resistance.)

1. A preparation process of a standard brick is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one, blank making: extruding and molding the brick making mixture with the designed formula, and cutting the mixture into green bricks;

step two, spraying treatment liquid: spraying a surface treatment liquid I accounting for 1-5wt% of the weight of the green brick on the surface of the green brick;

the surface treatment liquid I consists of the following components in percentage by mass,

A. 5-8% of inorganic mineral powder with the grain diameter less than or equal to 1.5mm,

B. 3 to 5 percent of water-soluble polymer,

C. 1.5 to 3.0 percent of gas-phase silicon dioxide,

D. the balance of water;

the inorganic mineral powder is a mixture of nano alumina, cryolite powder and mica powder;

the water-soluble polymer is a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble chitosan;

step three, drying: drying the green brick sprayed with the treatment liquid I at 70-90 ℃ to obtain a dried green brick;

step four, roasting: roasting the dried brick blank at 950 and 1000 ℃; and cooling after the baking and sintering is finished to obtain the finished standard brick.

2. The process for preparing a standard brick according to claim 1, wherein: the water-soluble chitosan is selected from one or more of carboxylated chitosan, chitosan lactate, chitosan glutamate, chitosan sulfate and chitosan oligosaccharide.

3. The process for preparing a standard brick according to claim 1, wherein: the water-soluble polymer is prepared from polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble chitosan according to a mass ratio of 1: (0.8-1.2) mixing.

4. The process for preparing a standard brick according to claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the nano alumina to the cryolite powder to the mica powder in the inorganic mineral powder is 1: 0.8.

5. the process for preparing a standard brick according to claim 1, wherein: after drying in the third step, spraying a surface treatment liquid II accounting for 1-2wt% of the dried green brick mass on the surface of the dried green brick, then drying at 70-90 ℃, and performing treatment in the fourth step after drying; the surface treatment liquid II used was the same as the surface treatment liquid I used in the second step.

6. The process for preparing a standard brick according to claim 1, wherein: the brick making mixture is prepared by the following process,

p1, crushing and sieving: crushing and grinding the slag, the dried sludge and the construction waste respectively to obtain powder raw materials;

p2, mixing raw materials: weighing 100-120 parts of slag and 80-100 parts of dried sludge which are sieved by a 14-mesh sieve, 50-80 parts of construction waste and 10-15 parts of reinforced fiber powder according to the weight part ratio, uniformly mixing, and adding water to obtain premix with the water content of 12-16 wt%;

p3, aging: stacking the premixed material in an aging bin, and aging for 48-96 hours to obtain an aged material;

p4, modulation: adding water into the aged material, and stirring to obtain brick-making mixture with water content of 15-19 wt%.

7. A process for preparing a standard brick according to claim 6, wherein: the dry sludge is obtained by roasting and cooling sludge of a sewage treatment plant at 500 ℃.

8. A process for preparing a standard brick according to claim 6, wherein: the construction waste is waste concrete, waste mortar or a mixture of the two.

9. A process for preparing a standard brick according to claim 6, wherein: the reinforced fiber powder is glass fiber powder.

10. A standard brick is characterized in that: prepared by the standard brick preparation process of any one of claims 1 to 9.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of building bricks and preparation thereof, in particular to a standard brick preparation process and a standard brick.

Background

The manual drying and moisture removal of brick and tile enterprises and the emission of particles from roasting kilns are one of the artificial sources of particles polluting the atmosphere. Due to the environmental protection requirement, the emission standard of the atmospheric pollutants in the tile industry is also becoming stricter. Taking the national standard "emission standard of atmospheric pollutants for brick and tile industry" GB29630-2013 promulgated in 2013 and implemented beginning in 2014 as an example, it explicitly states: most preferablyThe exhaust gas with high allowable emission to atmosphere contains 30mg/m of particulate matter³(Special emission limits in the area of interest are 20mg/m³）。

To such strict air pollution particulate matter emission limit value, brick and tile manufacturing enterprise mainly controls the particulate matter emission in the waste gas from "reduce the smoke and dust and discharge" and "reduce the smoke and dust and produce" two aspects at present, promptly: 1. a smoke dust treatment device, such as a bag-type dust collector, is arranged to treat the waste gas containing solid particles and then discharge the treated waste gas; 2. develops a baking-free brick making process.

The method is characterized in that only smoke processing equipment is relied on, which belongs to passive smoke reduction with symptoms and root causes, the smoke processing equipment must be reasonably equipped according to the capacity, and the processing capacity of the smoke processing equipment is relatively fixed after the smoke processing equipment is put into use once. And because the brick for building demand is big, the cigarette dust volume that the brick and tile factory produced is huge, in case the cigarette dust volume that produces exceeds smoke and dust treatment facility or system throughput, causes solid-state particulate matter emission to exceed standard and treatment facility to be difficult to maintain the high-efficient processing state for a long time very easily, and not only smoke and dust treatment energy consumption is big and difficult long-time control solid-state particulate matter emission is less than the limit value. Compared with the simple improvement of smoke dust treatment equipment, the improvement of the brick making process can control pollution from the source, and the improved baking-free brick making process is produced. Although the baking-free brick making process can solve and control the generation of smoke dust from the source, the adopted baking-free process has limited selection of raw materials for brick making, and the prepared brick can not reach the degree of brick making in the aspect of performance at present, so the application of the baking-free brick is also limited, and the baking-free brick is not suitable for large-scale popularization and application. Based on this, the existing brick and tile factories mostly adopt the traditional 'blank making-drying-roasting' process to produce standard bricks, and meanwhile, the emission of solid particle pollutants is controlled by matching with a smoke dust treatment system, so that the environmental protection pressure and the economic pressure are huge.

Therefore, how to reduce the emission of solid particulate pollutants in the brick making process from the source is still a problem to be solved in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the defects in the prior art, one of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a standard brick preparation process, which can effectively reduce the solid particle content in the drying-roasting waste gas and has the advantage of reducing the emission of solid particles from the source.

The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

a preparation process of a standard brick comprises the following steps:

step one, blank making: extruding and molding the brick making mixture with the designed formula, and cutting the mixture into green bricks;

step two, spraying treatment liquid: spraying a surface treatment liquid I accounting for 1-5wt% of the weight of the green brick on the surface of the green brick;

the surface treatment liquid I consists of the following components in percentage by mass,

A. 5-8% of inorganic mineral powder with the grain diameter less than or equal to 1.5mm,

B. 3 to 5 percent of water-soluble polymer,

C. 1.5 to 3.0 percent of gas-phase silicon dioxide,

D. the balance of water;

the inorganic mineral powder is a mixture of nano alumina, cryolite powder and mica powder;

the water-soluble polymer is a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble chitosan;

step three, drying: drying the green brick sprayed with the treatment liquid I at 70-90 ℃ to obtain a dried green brick;

step four, roasting: roasting the dried brick blank at 950 and 1000 ℃; and cooling after the baking and sintering is finished to obtain the finished standard brick.

By adopting the technical scheme, the step of spraying the treatment fluid is added before the step of drying for making bricks, and a layer of smoke suppression film can be formed on the surface of the brick blank by utilizing the spraying treatment fluid I prepared from inorganic mineral powder consisting of nano alumina, cryolite powder and mica powder, a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble chitosan, fumed silica and water, so that the high-temperature and airflow scouring resistance of the brick blank is improved, dust generated by high-temperature airflow brushing on the surface of the brick body in the subsequent roasting process is greatly reduced, the content of solid particles in smoke waste gas can be greatly reduced, the emission of the solid particles in brick making waste gas is reduced from the source, the treatment pressure of a subsequent waste gas treatment system is also reduced, and the cost of treating the brick making waste gas is favorably reduced.

Further, the water-soluble chitosan is selected from one or more of carboxylated chitosan, chitosan lactate, chitosan glutamate, chitosan sulfate and chitosan oligosaccharide.

The carboxylated chitosan, the chitosan lactate, the chitosan glutamate, the chitosan sulfate and the chitosan oligosaccharide are water-soluble polymers, so that on one hand, the dispersion stability of the inorganic mineral powder in the spraying treatment liquid I can be improved, on the other hand, the adhesion fastness of the inorganic mineral powder on the surface of a green brick can be improved, and the high-temperature resistance and airflow scouring resistance of the green brick in the roasting process can be improved.

Further, the water-soluble polymer is prepared from polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble chitosan according to a mass ratio of 1: (0.8-1.2) mixing.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, it is better to reduce the effect that produces dust, suspension solid-state particulate matter in the adobe calcination process.

Further, the mass ratio of the nano alumina to the cryolite powder to the mica powder in the inorganic mineral powder is 1: 0.8.

by adopting the technical scheme, the green brick has excellent high-temperature airflow scouring resistance in the roasting process, and the generation of dust or solid suspended particles is greatly reduced. In addition, when the nano-alumina and the cryolite powder coexist, a compact layer can be formed on the surface of the brick body after high-temperature roasting, so that the generation of solid particles is reduced, and the strength and the permeation resistance of the brick body are improved.

Further, after drying in the third step, spraying a surface treatment liquid II accounting for 1-2wt% of the dried green brick mass on the surface of the dried green brick, then drying at 70-90 ℃, and performing treatment in the fourth step after drying; the surface treatment liquid II used was the same as the surface treatment liquid I used in the second step.

The effect of inhibiting the generation of dust or solid suspended particles is better when the green brick is roasted by the secondary spraying treatment liquid.

Further, the brick making mixture is prepared by the following process,

p1, crushing and sieving: crushing and grinding the slag, the dried sludge and the construction waste respectively to obtain powder raw materials;

p2, mixing raw materials: weighing 100-120 parts of slag and 80-100 parts of dried sludge which are sieved by a 14-mesh sieve, 50-80 parts of construction waste and 10-15 parts of reinforced fiber powder according to the weight part ratio, uniformly mixing, and adding water to obtain premix with the water content of 12-16 wt%;

p3, aging: stacking the premixed material in an aging bin, and aging for 48-96 hours to obtain an aged material;

p4, modulation: adding water into the aged material, and stirring to obtain brick-making mixture with water content of 15-19 wt%.

By adopting the technical scheme, the slag, the sludge and the construction waste are used as brick making raw materials, so that the raw materials are wide in source and low in cost, waste is changed into wealth, solid waste pollution of the slag, the sludge and the construction waste is reduced, and the prepared standard brick has good physical and mechanical properties.

Further, the dry sludge is obtained by roasting and cooling sludge of a sewage treatment plant at 500 ℃.

Further, the construction waste is waste concrete, waste mortar or a mixture of the two.

Further, the reinforcing fiber powder is glass fiber powder.

By adopting the technical scheme, on one hand, the strength of the brick body can be increased, on the other hand, the anti-cracking performance of the brick body can be increased, the generation of micro cracks on the surface and inside of the brick body in the roasting process is reduced, the generation of solid particles such as dust and the like generated due to the micro cracks is also reduced, and the promotion effect on reducing the content of the solid particles in brick making waste gas is achieved.

The invention also provides a standard brick which is prepared by adopting the preparation process of any one of the labeled bricks, and the standard brick has the advantages of low solid particle content in the drying-roasting waste gas generated in the preparation process and reduced smoke pollution.

In summary, the invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

1. the step of spraying the treatment liquid is added before the step of drying the brick making, a layer of smoke suppression film can be formed on the surface of the brick blank by utilizing the spraying treatment liquid I prepared from inorganic mineral powder consisting of nano alumina, cryolite powder and mica powder, a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble chitosan, fumed silica and water, the high-temperature and airflow scouring resistance of the brick blank is improved, so that dust generated on the surface of the brick body due to high-temperature airflow brushing in the subsequent roasting process is greatly reduced, the content of solid particles in smoke waste gas can be greatly reduced, the emission of the solid particles in the brick making waste gas is reduced from the source, the treatment pressure of a subsequent waste gas treatment system is reduced, and the treatment cost of the brick making waste gas is reduced;

2. the standard brick prepared by the spraying treatment liquid has the advantages of high strength and good permeation resistance;

3. the slag, the sludge and the construction waste are used as the brick making raw materials, so that the raw materials are wide in source and low in cost, waste is changed into wealth, solid waste pollution of the slag, the sludge and the construction waste is reduced, and the prepared standard brick has good physical and mechanical properties;

4. when the glass fiber powder is added during brick making, on one hand, the strength of a brick body can be improved, on the other hand, the anti-cracking performance of the brick body can be improved, the generation of microcracks on the surface and inside of the brick body in the roasting process is reduced, the generation of solid particles such as dust and the like generated by microcracks is also reduced, and the promotion effect on reducing the content of the solid particles in brick making waste gas is achieved.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.