阅读说明：本技术 一种新型高分子量无灰分散剂的制备方法 (Preparation method of novel high-molecular-weight ashless dispersant ) 是由 赵东北 王龙龙 郭海燕 范金凤 于 2020-06-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种新型高分子量无灰分散剂的制备方法,包括：选择两端分别含有一个羧基和一个双键的线型端基烯酸类物质；将线型端基烯酸类物质、聚异丁烯和顺丁烯二酸酐混合后进行反应,制得带有羧基、丁二酸酐两个官能团的混合物；将该混合物与胺类物质进行脱水反应,制得分散剂。本发明所制备的分散剂具有超长的分子链,分子链中不仅含有较大的非极性链,同时含有较多的碱性氮和极性基团,使得该新型高分子量无灰分散剂的吸附、悬浮烟炱的能力得到显著的提高。(The invention discloses a preparation method of a novel high molecular weight ashless dispersant, which comprises the following steps: selecting linear terminal olefinic acid substances with two ends respectively containing a carboxyl and a double bond; mixing linear terminal olefinic acid substances, polyisobutylene and maleic anhydride, and reacting to obtain a mixture with two functional groups of carboxyl and succinic anhydride; and (3) carrying out dehydration reaction on the mixture and amine substances to prepare the dispersing agent. The dispersant prepared by the invention has an ultralong molecular chain, and the molecular chain not only contains a larger nonpolar chain, but also contains more basic nitrogen and polar groups, so that the soot adsorption and suspension capacities of the novel high-molecular-weight ashless dispersant are obviously improved.)

1. A method for preparing a novel high molecular weight ashless dispersant, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

selecting linear terminal olefinic acid substances with two ends respectively containing a carboxyl and a double bond;

mixing linear terminal olefinic acid substances, polyisobutylene and maleic anhydride, and reacting to obtain a mixture with two functional groups of carboxyl and succinic anhydride;

and (3) carrying out dehydration reaction on the mixture and amine substances to prepare the dispersing agent.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the linear terminal olefinic acid has the formula:

the structural formula of the dispersant is as follows:

wherein n is an integer of 1, 2, 3 …, x is an integer of 1, 2, 3 …, m is an integer of 1, 2, 3 …, and PIB is polyisobutylene.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein n is 5 to 27, x is 1 to 15, and m is 1 to 5.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the reacting the linear terminal olefinic acid, polyisobutylene, and maleic anhydride after mixing comprises:

adding linear terminal olefinic acid substances and polyisobutylene into a reaction container, stirring and heating to a preset temperature;

and dropwise adding molten maleic anhydride and a free radical initiator into a reaction container, and reacting at a preset temperature to obtain a mixture with two functional groups, namely carboxyl and succinic anhydride.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the molar ratio of the linear terminal olefinic acid substance to the polyisobutylene is 1:1.1 to 1:3, the molar ratio of the linear terminal olefinic acid substance to the maleic anhydride is 1:1.2 to 1:5, and the reaction temperature is 90 to 210 ℃.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the molar ratio of the linear terminal olefinic acid substance to the polyisobutylene is 1:1.2 to 1:2, the molar ratio of the linear terminal olefinic acid substance to the maleic anhydride is 1:1.3 to 1:3, and the reaction temperature is 130 to 180 ℃.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the dehydration reaction comprises:

adding base oil into a reaction container containing a mixture with two functional groups of carboxyl and succinic anhydride, stirring and heating to 70-80 ℃;

and (3) dropwise adding the amine substance into the reaction container, after dropwise adding, heating to 130-170 ℃, and performing dehydration reaction to obtain the dispersing agent.

8. The method of claim 1 or 7, wherein the amine-based material comprises one or more of ammonia, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, and polyethylenepolyamine.

9. The method of claim 1 or 7, wherein the molar ratio of the reaction product of the terminal olefinic acid and maleic anhydride to the amine is 1:0.8 to 1: 1.5.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the molar ratio of the reaction product of the terminal olefinic acid and maleic anhydride to the amine is from 1:0.9 to 1: 1.3.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of dispersants, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a novel high-molecular-weight ashless dispersant.

Background

With the increasing strictness of environmental requirements, engine manufacturers introduce exhaust gas recirculation technology to improve the emission problems of pollutants and exhaust gas, and meanwhile, particulate matters are generated, so that the content of soot and oil sludge in engine oil is greatly increased.

Currently, most of the commercially available internal combustion engine oils use polyisobutylene succinimide as a dispersant to disperse soot particles; although the production process of the dispersant is simple and mature, the molecular weight of the adopted polyisobutene is generally about 2300 at most, and the adsorption, wrapping and suspension capabilities of the polyisobutene are not matched with the contents of soot and oil sludge required to be treated at present due to the limited content of polar groups in molecular chains. The dispersing ability of the traditional polyisobutylene succinimide type ashless dispersant in the current internal combustion engine oil is obviously insufficient.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a novel high-molecular-weight ashless dispersant, the prepared dispersant has an overlong molecular chain, and the molecular chain not only contains a larger nonpolar chain, but also contains more basic nitrogen and polar groups, so that the soot adsorption and suspension capacities of the novel high-molecular-weight ashless dispersant are obviously improved.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a novel high molecular weight ashless dispersant, which comprises the following steps:

selecting linear terminal olefinic acid substances with two ends respectively containing a carboxyl and a double bond;

mixing linear terminal olefine acid substances, polyisobutylene and maleic anhydride and then reacting to prepare a mixture with two functional groups of carboxyl and succinic anhydride;

the mixture and amine substance are subjected to dehydration reaction to prepare the dispersant.

As a further improvement of the invention, the structural formula of the linear terminal olefine acid substance is as follows:

the structural formula of the dispersant is as follows:

wherein n is an integer of 1, 2, 3 …, x is an integer of 1, 2, 3 …, m is an integer of 1, 2, 3 …, and PIB is polyisobutylene.

As a further improvement of the invention, n is 5-27, x is 1-15, and m is 1-5.

As a further improvement of the invention, the reaction of the linear terminal olefinic acid, polyisobutylene and maleic anhydride after mixing comprises:

adding linear terminal olefinic acid substances and polyisobutylene into a reaction container, stirring and heating to a preset temperature;

and dropwise adding molten maleic anhydride and a free radical initiator into a reaction container, and reacting at a preset temperature to obtain a mixture with two functional groups, namely carboxyl and succinic anhydride.

As a further improvement of the invention, the molar ratio of the linear terminal olefine acid substance to the polyisobutylene is 1: 1.1-1: 3, the molar ratio of the linear terminal olefine acid substance to the maleic anhydride is 1: 1.2-1: 5, and the reaction temperature of the reaction is 90-210 ℃.

As a further improvement of the invention, the molar ratio of the linear terminal olefine acid substance to the polyisobutylene is 1: 1.2-1: 2, the molar ratio of the linear terminal olefine acid substance to the maleic anhydride is 1: 1.3-1: 3, and the reaction temperature is 130-180 ℃.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the dehydration reaction comprises:

adding base oil into a reaction container containing the mixture, stirring and heating to 70-80 ℃;

and (3) dropwise adding the amine substance into the reaction container, after dropwise adding, heating to 130-170 ℃, and performing dehydration reaction to obtain the dispersing agent.

As a further improvement of the invention, the amine substances comprise one or more of ammonia, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine and polyethylene polyamine.

As a further improvement of the invention, the molar ratio of the reaction product of the terminal olefine acid substance and the maleic anhydride to the amine substance is 1: 0.8-1: 1.5.

As a further improvement of the invention, the molar ratio of the reaction product of the terminal olefine acid substance and the maleic anhydride to the amine substance is 1: 0.9-1: 1.3.