阅读说明：本技术 一种制备一氧化碳的熔渣气化反应炉及其制气方法 (Slag gasification reaction furnace for preparing carbon monoxide and gas preparation method thereof ) 是由 楚灼夫 郑西欧 桂春辉 于 2020-07-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种制备一氧化碳的熔渣气化反应炉及其制气方法,属于煤化工、焦炭(含兰炭)气化、燃气等领域并涉及到化学工程、化工工艺、化工机械、仪表及自动化技术。它包括气化炉炉体、渣口、燃烧短节、激冷室、自动加焦机；所述气化炉炉体包括：壳体、上筒体、炉膛进口、煤气出口、内衬耐火砖、水夹套、气化剂喷嘴、水冷盘管、熔渣池、炉盖和连接大法兰；由于采用熔渣气化,液态排渣,气化温度高,碳转化率提高,有效气体含量高,运行能耗低,成本低,且甲烷含量低,原煤适应广,投资省,设备全部国产化,而且维修方便,操作简单易行,达到了安全、环保、节能的要求,是对纯氧连续气化技术的升级。(The invention relates to a slag gasification reaction furnace for preparing carbon monoxide and a gas preparation method thereof, belonging to the fields of coal chemical industry, coke (containing semi coke) gasification, fuel gas and the like and relating to chemical engineering, chemical engineering processes, chemical machinery, instruments and automation technology. The device comprises a gasification furnace body, a slag hole, a combustion short section, a chilling chamber and an automatic coke feeder; the gasifier furnace body includes: the device comprises a shell, an upper cylinder, a hearth inlet, a gas outlet, lining refractory bricks, a water jacket, a gasifying agent nozzle, a water-cooling coil, a slag bath, a furnace cover and a large connecting flange; because the slag gasification and slag tapping are adopted, the gasification temperature is high, the carbon conversion rate is improved, the effective gas content is high, the operation energy consumption is low, the cost is low, the methane content is low, the raw coal adaptability is wide, the investment is saved, the equipment is completely made in China, the maintenance is convenient, the operation is simple and easy, the requirements of safety, environmental protection and energy conservation are met, and the method is an upgrade for the pure oxygen continuous gasification technology.)

1. A slag gasification reaction furnace for preparing carbon monoxide is characterized in that: the device comprises a gasification furnace body (24), a slag hole (8), a combustion short section (6), a chilling chamber (4) and an automatic coke feeder (17);

the gasification furnace body (24) comprises: the device comprises a shell (12), an upper barrel (13), a hearth inlet (16), a coal gas outlet (20), lining refractory bricks (14), a water jacket (11), gasifying agent nozzles (10), water-cooling coil pipes (25), a slag bath (9), a furnace cover (15) and a large connecting flange (21);

the hearth inlet (16) is connected with a lower distributor flange (19) of the automatic coke feeder (17);

the furnace cover (15) is connected with the upper barrel (13), and the coal gas outlet (20) is positioned on the furnace cover (15);

the upper cylinder (13) is connected with the slag pool (9) by a large flange (21);

the gasifying agent nozzle (10) is connected with the slag pool (9);

the upper part of the slag hole (8) is connected with a slag pool (9), and the lower part of the slag hole is connected with the combustion nipple (6) by a flange (22);

the upper part of the combustion nipple (6) is connected with the slag hole (8) by a flange (22), and the lower part of the combustion nipple is connected with the chilling chamber (4) by a flange (23);

the bell jar (26) is connected with the shell of the combustion nipple (6);

the combustion burner (7) is connected with the shell of the combustion nipple (6); the sight glass (27) is connected with the shell of the combustion nipple (6);

the upper end of a quenching tank (4) of the quenching chamber is connected with the lower part of a combustion nipple (6) by a flange (23); the lower end of the quenching tank (4) is connected with the slag feeding valve (3);

the chilling ring (5) is connected with the chilling tank (4);

the upper end of the upper slag valve (3) is connected with the quenching tank (4), and the lower end of the upper slag valve (3) is connected with the slag containing tank (2);

the upper end of the slag discharging valve (1) is connected with the slag containing tank (2);

the chilling water inlet is connected with the chilling chamber (4); the exhaust port is connected with the slag containing tank (2);

and a flange of a lower distributing valve of the automatic coke feeder (17) is connected with a hearth inlet (16) of the gasification furnace.

2. A slag gasification reactor for the production of carbon monoxide according to claim 1 wherein: the gasification furnace body (24), the slag hole (8), the combustion short section (6), the chilling chamber (4) and the automatic coke feeder (17) are of split structures and are connected through flanges.

3. A slag gasification reactor for the production of carbon monoxide according to claim 1 wherein: the upper part of the gasification furnace body (24) is provided with a lining refractory material (15), the middle part of the gasification furnace body (24) is provided with a half-pipe type water jacket (12), and the lower part of the gasification furnace body (24) adopts an annular coil pipe type water-cooled wall (25).

4. A slag gasification reactor for the production of carbon monoxide according to claim 1 wherein: the gasification furnace slag hole (8) comprises a heat-resistant slag hole (30), a water inlet pipe (29) and a water outlet pipe (31), wherein the water inlet pipe (29) and the water outlet pipe (31) are respectively arranged on two sides of the heat-resistant slag hole (30);

a slag temperature control area (28) is arranged at the position of the heat-resistant slag hole (30), and a flow field control area (32) is arranged on the side surface of the slag temperature control area (28).

5. A gas making method for preparing carbon monoxide by using a slag gasification reaction furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps:

high-temperature coal gas generated at the lower part of the slag gasification reaction furnace is in countercurrent contact with raw materials from a hearth inlet (16), the temperature of a drying zone is less than 500 ℃, the raw materials are heated and dried by hot coal gas, water is removed, a dried carbon layer continuously moves downwards to enter a carbonization zone at 500-900 ℃, volatile substances released by the decomposition of the raw materials by heating enter a gasification zone, after a series of balanced endothermic reactions with gas from a combustion zone, crude coal gas is cooled, the raw materials are partially gasified, meanwhile, the temperature of the raw materials is increased to enter the combustion zone and are mixed with gaseous CO₂Oxygen enters the bottom of the gasification furnace through a gasification agent nozzle (10) in high-speed airflow, and the oxygen rapidly reacts with coal in a combustion area to release a large amount of heat for combustionThe central temperature is as high as 1800-2000 ℃, so that ash in the raw materials is melted and mixed with a fluxing agent to form free-flowing liquid ash, and the ash is retained in a slag pool;

oxygen and fuel gas are combusted through a combustion nozzle (7) and generate high-temperature flue gas to maintain the molten slag at a slag port (8) of the gasification furnace in a flowing state, static pressure generated by the molten slag at the bottom of a molten slag pool (9) is supported by using flame tension generated by combustion, differential pressure is generated between a combustion short section (6) and a hearth (13) of the gasification furnace, slag is discharged by reducing the pressure of the combustion short section (6) and utilizing the differential pressure, non-infusible vitreous slag is formed after water chilling, and is discharged from a slag containing tank (2) through a slag discharging valve (1).

6. The gas making method for producing carbon monoxide using the slag gasification reaction furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that: the gas ignition of the combustion burner (7) can adopt electronic ignition or manual ignition.

7. The gas making method for producing carbon monoxide using the slag gasification reaction furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that: the slag gasification reaction furnace operates at normal pressure of 90KPa or 3.98 MPa.

8. The gas making method for producing carbon monoxide using the slag gasification reaction furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that: the gasifying agent nozzle (10) is cooled in a water jacket mode, and a cooling water inlet pipe extends to the head of the gasifying agent nozzle (10).

Technical Field

The invention relates to a slag gasification reaction furnace for preparing carbon monoxide and a gas preparation method thereof, belonging to the fields of coal chemical industry, coke (containing semi coke) gasification, fuel gas and the like and relating to chemical engineering, chemical engineering processes, chemical machinery, instruments and automation technology.

Background

The traditional fixed bed intermittent gasification furnace (UGI) adopts a solid slag discharging mode, still operates in the nitrogen fertilizer production in China at present, but does not meet the industry development requirements in the aspects of single furnace treatment capacity, operation cost, coal adaptability, energy efficiency, environmental protection and the like; the fixed bed pure oxygen continuous gasification also adopts a solid slag discharging mode, which brings some breakthroughs to the technical development of the fixed bed, but also needs to further improve the pyrolysis gasification temperature, improve the effective gas components, protect the environment and the like.

At present, the BGL gasification technology adopts a liquid state slag discharging mode, but the liquid state slag discharging mode is complex to control, the equipment manufacturing and processing difficulty is high, part of key equipment needs to be imported, the operation reliability is low, the investment is large, and meanwhile, the pressurized crude gas has high methane content, so that the BGL gasification technology is not beneficial to the production of synthetic ammonia and methanol.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the traditional solid slag discharging mode of a fixed bed is changed into liquid slag discharging, the gasification temperature is high and directly leads to the improvement of carbon conversion rate due to the adoption of slag gasification, the effective gas content is high, the operation energy consumption is low, the cost is low, the methane content is low, the raw coal adaptability is wide, the investment is saved, the equipment is completely domesticated, the maintenance is convenient, the operation is simple and easy, the requirements of safety, environmental protection and energy conservation are met, and the invention is an upgrade to a pure oxygen continuous gasification technology.

In order to achieve the above object and solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

a slag gasification reaction furnace for preparing carbon monoxide comprises a gasification furnace body, a slag hole, a combustion short section, a chilling chamber and an automatic coke feeder;

the gasifier furnace body includes: the device comprises a shell, an upper cylinder, a hearth inlet, a gas outlet, lining refractory bricks, a water jacket, a gasifying agent nozzle, a water-cooling coil, a slag bath, a furnace cover and a large connecting flange;

the hearth inlet is connected with a lower distributor flange of the automatic coke feeder;

the furnace cover is connected with the upper cylinder, and the coal gas outlet is positioned on the furnace cover;

the upper barrel body is connected with the slag pool through a large flange;

the gasification agent nozzle is connected with the slag pool;

the upper part of the slag hole is connected with a slag pool, and the lower part of the slag hole is connected with a combustion short section by a flange;

the upper part of the combustion short section is connected with a slag hole by a flange, and the lower part of the combustion short section is connected with a chilling chamber by a flange;

the bell jar is connected with the shell of the combustion nipple;

the combustion burner is connected with the shell of the combustion nipple; the sight glass is connected with the shell of the combustion nipple;

the upper end of a chilling tank of the chilling chamber is connected with the lower part of the combustion nipple by a flange; the lower end of the chilling tank is connected with a slag feeding valve;

the chilling ring is connected with the chilling tank;

the upper end of the upper slag valve is connected with the chilling tank, and the lower end of the upper slag valve is connected with the slag containing tank;

the upper end of the slag discharging valve is connected with the slag containing tank;

the chilling water inlet is connected with the chilling chamber; the exhaust port is connected with the slag containing tank;

and a flange of a lower distributing valve of the automatic coke feeder is connected with an inlet of a hearth of the gasification furnace.

Furthermore, the gasifier body, the slag hole, the combustion short section, the chilling chamber and the automatic coke feeder are all split structures and are connected by flanges.

Furthermore, the upper part of the gasification furnace body is made of a lining refractory material, the middle part of the gasification furnace body is a half-pipe type water jacket, and the lower part of the gasification furnace body adopts an annular coil pipe type water-cooled wall. According to the natural circulation design, the system operates according to forced circulation, and even if the water supply cannot be forced in a fault, the water system can still naturally circulate, so that the gasification safety stop is ensured. The water jacket and the water-cooled wall are internally cooled by demineralized water circulation to protect a furnace shell, and are provided with a steam pocket to produce a byproduct of steam;

furthermore, the slag hole of the gasification furnace comprises a heat-resistant slag hole, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, wherein the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are respectively arranged on two sides of the heat-resistant slag hole.

The position of the heat-resistant slag hole is a slag temperature control area, and the side surface of the slag temperature control area is a flow field control area.

A process for preparing CO gas from the molten slag gasifying reactor includes such steps as counter-current contact between the high-temp gas generated by lower part of said gasifying reactor and the raw material from the inlet of furnace, drying at less than 500 deg.C by hot gas while removing water, moving the dried carbon layer down to 500-900 deg.C for dry distillation, heating the volatile substance released by decomposing raw material, gasifying, reacting with the gas from combustion region, cooling, gasifying, raising the temp of raw material, mixing with the gas CO, and mixing with the gas CO₂Oxygen enters the bottom of the gasification furnace through a gasification agent nozzle in a high-speed airflow, the oxygen rapidly reacts with coal in a combustion area to release a large amount of heat, the temperature of a combustion center is as high as 1800-2000 ℃, so that ash in raw materials is melted and mixed with a fluxing agent to form free-flowing liquid ash, and the ash is retained in a slag pool;

oxygen and fuel gas are combusted through a combustion nozzle, high-temperature flue gas is generated to maintain the molten slag at the slag opening of the gasification furnace in a flowing state, static pressure generated by the molten slag at the bottom of a slag pool is supported by flame tension generated by combustion, differential pressure is generated between a combustion nipple and a hearth of the gasification furnace, slag is discharged by utilizing the differential pressure by reducing the pressure of the combustion nipple, non-infusible vitreous broken slag is formed after water chilling, and the glass broken slag is discharged from a slag containing tank through a slag discharging valve.

Further, the gas ignition of the combustion burner can adopt electronic ignition or manual ignition.

Furthermore, the slag gasification reaction furnace operates at normal pressure of 90KPa or 3.98 MPa.

Furthermore, the gasifying agent nozzle adopts a special structural form of an air and water jacket for cooling, and a cooling water inlet pipe extends deep to the head of the gasifying agent nozzle. The cooling water is ensured to flow effectively, dead corners are avoided, the nozzle is protected, and long-period operation is ensured.

The heat-resistant slag notch of the slag notch has strong heat resistance, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance.

Annular circulating airflow is formed in the combustion nipple, and the flow field distribution is uniform and reasonable.

The gasification agent nozzle of the gasification furnace body realizes automatic matching of carbon dioxide and pure oxygen and can be automatically started and stopped. The combustion nozzle in the combustion nipple, gas and pure oxygen can also realize automatic matching and can be automatically started and stopped. And a system one-key parking button is arranged to ensure the intrinsic safety.

The chilling ring is arranged in the chilling chamber, so that a large amount of water vapor is not generated at the moment when the liquid slag enters the water surface, the heat is taken away quickly, and the stability of the liquid level in the chilling chamber can be basically kept.

The raw materials are widely applicable, semi-coke, petroleum coke, anthracite and the like can be gasified, and the granularity is required to be more than 6 mm.

The invention can avoid the high-speed airflow from directly scouring the furnace wall of the gasification furnace, and the airflow is more uniformly distributed in the hearth and the flow field is reasonably distributed.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

1. the invention relates to a slag gasifier for preparing CO and a gas preparation method thereof, which belongs to clean coal technology. The raw materials are fed by an automatic coke feeder from the top, the raw gas is discharged from the top side of the upper part, the gasifying agent is sprayed into the furnace from the lower part, and the molten liquid slag is quenched by a chilling chamber and discharged from the bottom. The gas-solid countercurrent contact in the gasification furnace leads the generated ash and unreacted substances to be sprayed into oxygen through the gasification melting chamber and the gasification agent nozzle after the gasification of the carbon-containing substances, and the oxygen is combusted and reacted to generate high-temperature molten liquid slag, thus improving the pyrolysis gasification reaction temperature, converting the gas into relatively clean high-purity CO gas through the gasification, and having extremely high practical application value.

2. The invention relates to a slag gasifier for preparing CO and a gas preparation method thereof, which are intrinsically safe gasification technologies. The middle part of the furnace body is a half-pipe jacketed water-cooled wall, the furnace bottom is an annular coil pipe type water-cooled wall, and deoxygenated water is adopted for circulating cooling in the water-cooled wall to protect the furnace shell and be provided with a steam pocket and by-product steam. Meanwhile, the system is designed according to natural circulation and operates according to forced circulation, a water system can naturally circulate to ensure gasification safety even if special faults cannot forcibly supply water, and a system one-key parking button is arranged to be used for emergency parking so as to ensure intrinsic safety.

3. The invention relates to a slag gasifier for preparing CO and a gas preparation method thereof, which belong to energy-saving and environment-friendly gasification technologies.

The gasification technology organically combines the entrained flow bed gasification technology with the fixed bed pure oxygen continuous gasification technology, not only gives full play to the advantages of high gasification temperature, high effective gas content, environmental friendliness and the like of the entrained flow bed technology, but also gives full play to the advantages of high heat efficiency, investment saving and quick response of the countercurrent contact of the raw materials and the coal gas in the furnace of the fixed bed technology, truly makes up for the deficiencies of the entrained flow bed gasification technology and realizes the upgrade of the coal gasification technology; the carbon conversion rate can reach more than 99 percent; the effective gas component of the coal gas is high, but the investment of the same scale is less; the consumption of various materials such as coal, oxygen, carbon dioxide and the like is low; the waste water treatment capacity of the device is small and easy to treat, the waste residue is non-leaching and pollution-free and can be utilized, and the ash can be used for making bricks, cement or other building materials or safely backfilled; no waste gas emission and environmental protection;

the gasification wastewater mainly comes from condensed steam discharged after raw materials are dried in a furnace, has small water amount and high concentration of organic matter content, and can be separated and treated at lower cost to recover phenol, tar and the like. Or can be completely recycled as the process or cooling water for recycling after adopting the advanced water treatment technology.

4. Preferably, the gasification agent nozzle and the combustion burner are both patent designs formed by data simulation and modeling optimization. The installation ports are specially arranged and arranged at an angle to generate opposite impact, so that the inner wall of the gasification furnace can be prevented from being directly scoured by high-speed airflow, the airflow is more uniformly distributed in the furnace, and the flow field distribution is more reasonable.

5. The invention can be operated at normal pressure to 90KPa, is suitable for normal pressure and low pressure gasification, and can also be pressurized gasification under 3.98 MPa.

6. Preferably, the gasifying agent can be steam, oxygen, carbon dioxide and air.

7. The invention has the advantages of optimal selection, simple operation and maintenance, reliable operation and all the devices are made in the home.

8. The invention is preferable that the gasification furnace can be used for processing raw materials such as dry pulverized coal, coal water slurry (containing waste water) and the like by burning and adding part of the raw materials.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a slag gasification reactor according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a slag hole of the slag gasifier of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.