Overlapping gravity field acting method and device
阅读说明：本技术 复叠式重力场做功方法及所用装置 (Overlapping gravity field acting method and device ) 是由 李斌 王厉 骆菁菁 于 2020-06-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种复叠式重力场做功装置,由至少两级的重力场做功子系统组成；在相邻两级的重力场做功子系统之间设置级间循环系统,级间循环系统包括级间循环泵(4)；每级的重力场做功子系统包括高位冷凝器(1)、低位液体涡轮(2)和低位蒸发器(3)；上一级的重力场做功子系统的高位冷凝器(1)的吸热通道、下一级的重力场做功子系统的低位蒸发器(3)的放热通道、级间循环泵(4)依次相连形成闭合式循环。本发明还同时提供利用上述装置进行的复叠式重力场做功方法。本发明减小了系统工做所需的位置落差,适用范围更广；通过复叠式循环,在位置落差一定情况下,扩大了蒸发器冷凝器温差。(The invention discloses a cascade gravitational field work-doing device, which consists of at least two stages of gravitational field work-doing subsystems; an interstage circulation system is arranged between the gravity field work doing subsystems of two adjacent stages, and comprises an interstage circulation pump (4); each stage of gravity field work-doing subsystem comprises a high-level condenser (1), a low-level liquid turbine (2) and a low-level evaporator (3); the heat absorption channel of the high-level condenser (1) of the gravity field work-doing subsystem of the previous stage, the heat release channel of the low-level evaporator (3) of the gravity field work-doing subsystem of the next stage and the interstage circulating pump (4) are sequentially connected to form closed circulation. The invention also provides a method for applying work by utilizing the device in the overlapping type gravity field. The invention reduces the position fall required by system operation, and has wider application range; by the cascade circulation, under the condition of certain position drop, the temperature difference of the evaporator and the condenser is enlarged.)
1. The cascade gravitational field acting device is characterized in that: the system consists of at least two stages of gravity field work-doing subsystems; an interstage circulation system is arranged between the gravity field work doing subsystems of two adjacent stages, and comprises an interstage circulation pump (4);
each stage of gravity field work-doing subsystem comprises a high-level condenser (1), a low-level liquid turbine (2) and a low-level evaporator (3), wherein the high-level condenser (1) is placed at a high level, and the low-level liquid turbine (2) and the low-level evaporator (3) are placed at a low level;
a condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser (1), a low-level liquid turbine (2) and a heat absorption channel of the low-level evaporator (3) are sequentially connected to form closed circulation;
a heat absorption channel of a high-level condenser (1) of the gravity field work-doing subsystem of the previous stage, a heat release channel of a low-level evaporator (3) of the gravity field work-doing subsystem of the next stage and an interstage circulating pump (4) are sequentially connected to form closed circulation;
a heat release channel of a low-level evaporator (3) of the first-stage gravity field work-doing subsystem is connected with an external heat source; and a heat absorption channel of a high-level condenser (1) of the final stage gravity field work-doing subsystem is connected with an external cold source.
2. The stacked gravitational field work producing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: in the same-level gravity field work subsystem, the fall between the high-level condenser (1) and the low-level evaporator (3) is more than 100 meters.
3. The stacked gravitational field work producing apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the low-grade heat source is used as an external heat source, and the air is used as an external cold source.
4. A method of applying work using a device according to any of claims 1 to 3, the method comprising:
the first method, the square circulation method:
the refrigerant circulation state in each stage of gravity field work-doing subsystem is represented as square circulation on a T-S diagram;
the second method is a square and triangle circulation method:
the refrigerant circulation state in the first-stage gravitational field work-doing subsystem is represented as square circulation on a T-S diagram; the refrigerant circulation state in the rest stages of gravity field work-doing subsystems is represented as triangular circulation on a T-S diagram;
a third method, a triangle circulation method:
the refrigerant circulation state in each stage of gravity field work-doing subsystem is represented as triangular circulation on a T-S diagram;
the method IV comprises a triangular and square circulation method:
the refrigerant circulation state in the first-stage gravity field work-doing subsystem is represented as triangular circulation on a T-S diagram; the refrigerant circulation state in the rest stages of gravity field work-doing subsystems is represented as square circulation on a T-S diagram.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
when the square is circulated:
the refrigerant flowing out of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser (1) is a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture, and flows to the inlet of the low-level liquid turbine (2) in an adiabatic manner under the combined action of gravity and pressure difference to form an ultrahigh-pressure liquid working medium which enters the low-level liquid turbine (2), and the liquid pressure of the ultrahigh-pressure liquid working medium is released to work outwards to form a high-pressure working medium; the high-pressure working medium continuously flows into the evaporation heat absorption channel of the low-level evaporator (3) to absorb the heat released by the fluid in the heat release channel of the low-level evaporator (3) to form a high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture; the high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture flows towards the inlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser (1) in an adiabatic manner against gravity under the action of pressure difference, and becomes a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture when reaching the inlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser (1); the low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture releases latent heat to fluid in a heat absorption channel of the high-level condenser (1) in a condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser (1), becomes a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture with reduced dryness, flows out of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser (1), and flows to a liquid turbine (2); and the process is circulated.
6. The method of doing work with a superimposed gravitational field according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that:
when the triangle is circulated:
the refrigerant flowing out of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser (1) is a low-temperature low-pressure saturated/or supercooled liquid working medium, and flows to the inlet of the low-level liquid turbine (2) in an adiabatic manner under the combined action of gravity and pressure difference to form an ultrahigh-pressure liquid working medium which enters the low-level liquid turbine (2), and the liquid pressure of the ultrahigh-pressure liquid working medium is released to work outwards to form a high-pressure working medium; the high-pressure working medium continuously flows into the evaporation heat absorption channel of the low-level evaporator (3) to absorb the heat released by the fluid in the heat release channel of the low-level evaporator (3) to form a high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture; the high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture flows towards the inlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser (1) in an adiabatic manner against gravity under the action of pressure difference, and becomes a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture when reaching the inlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser (1); the low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture releases latent heat to fluid in a heat absorption channel of the high-level condenser (1) in a condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser (1), becomes low-temperature low-pressure saturated/or supercooled liquid working medium, flows out of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser (1), and flows to a liquid turbine (2); and the process is circulated.
7. The method of any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein:
in the interstage circulating system: the secondary refrigerant in the heat absorption channel of the upper-stage high-level condenser (1) absorbs the latent heat released by the low-temperature and low-pressure gas-liquid mixture in the condensation heat release channel of the upper-stage high-level condenser (1), then the temperature is increased, and the secondary refrigerant flows into the heat release channel of the lower-stage low-level evaporator (3) under the action of the interstage circulating pump (4) and releases heat to the high-pressure working medium in the evaporation heat absorption channel of the lower-level evaporator (3); the temperature is reduced, and the mixture flows into a heat absorption channel of the upper-stage high-order condenser (1) after being pressurized by the interstage circulating pump (4) and circulates in the way.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power equipment, in particular to a cascade gravitational field acting device and a method.
Background
The steam power method is the main method of the prior thermodynamic cycle method, the method has low utilization efficiency for low-grade heat sources, particularly when the method is applied to the widely existing low-grade heat sources lower than 80 ℃, steam pressure energy cannot be effectively utilized to do work and generate power due to the low steam pressure of working media, and the efficiency is still low at the low heat source temperature even if organic working media Rankine cycle is adopted. The patent application (201711419509.X) provides a gravity field work-doing heat pipe device, which realizes the natural pressurization and decompression process in the flow by utilizing the interconversion of pressure energy and gravitational potential energy in the gravity field, does not need an expansion valve and a vapor compressor, has higher energy utilization efficiency, converts the traditional gas pressure energy power generation into liquid pressure energy power generation, can obtain a very large pressure potential difference under a small temperature difference, and is particularly suitable for doing work by utilizing low-grade energy. However, the device has the disadvantage of high requirement on position drop, for example, the required position drop reaches hundreds of meters under the conventional evaporation and condensation temperature difference of tens of degrees, thereby reducing the practical feasibility of the device.
Therefore, there is a need for an improved system for the system, which can have a smaller requirement for the position drop, so as to enhance the applicability of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for acting by a cascade gravitational field.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a cascade gravitational field work-doing device, which consists of at least two stages of gravitational field work-doing subsystems; an interstage circulating system is arranged between the gravity field work doing subsystems of two adjacent stages, and comprises an interstage circulating pump;
therefore, the gravity field work-doing subsystems of all the stages form a cascade relation through the heat transfer function of the interstage circulating system;
each stage of gravity field work-doing subsystem comprises a high-level condenser, a low-level liquid turbine and a low-level evaporator, wherein the high-level condenser is placed at a high level, and the low-level liquid turbine and the low-level evaporator are placed at a low level;
a condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser, a low-level liquid turbine and a heat absorption channel of the low-level evaporator are sequentially connected to form closed circulation;
namely, the outlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser is connected with the inlet of the low-level liquid turbine, the outlet of the low-level liquid turbine is connected with the inlet of the heat absorption channel of the low-level evaporator, the outlet of the heat absorption channel of the low-level evaporator is connected with the inlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser, and the three form a closed-loop system;
a heat absorption channel of a high-level condenser of the upper-level gravity field work-doing subsystem, a heat release channel of a low-level evaporator of the lower-level gravity field work-doing subsystem and an interstage circulating pump are sequentially connected to form closed circulation;
namely, the outlet of a heat absorption channel of a high-level condenser of the upper-level gravitational field work-doing subsystem is connected with the inlet of a heat release channel of a low-level evaporator of the lower-level gravitational field work-doing subsystem, and the outlet of the heat release channel of the low-level evaporator of the lower-level gravitational field work-doing subsystem is connected with the inlet of the heat absorption channel of the high-level condenser of the upper-level gravitational field work-doing subsystem through an inter-stage circulating pump between the two-level gravitational field work-doing subsystems to form a cascade relation;
a heat release channel of a low-level evaporator of the first-stage gravitational field work-doing subsystem is connected with an external heat source; and a heat absorption channel of a high-level condenser of the final stage gravitational field work-doing subsystem is connected with an external cold source.
The invention relates to an improvement of a cascade gravitational field acting device, which comprises the following steps: in the same-level gravity field work subsystem, the fall between the high-level condenser and the low-level evaporator is more than 100 meters.
Description of the drawings: in the same-level gravity field work-doing subsystem, the low-level liquid turbine and the low-level evaporator can be at the same horizontal level or have a slight height difference; the high-level condensers in different gravity field work-doing subsystems can be at the same horizontal level or have a slight height difference.
The invention is further improved by the overlapping gravity field acting device: the low-grade heat source is used as an external heat source, and the air is used as an external cold source.
The invention also provides a method for applying work by utilizing the device, which is any one of the following methods:
the first method, the square circulation method:
the refrigerant circulation state in each stage of gravity field work-doing subsystem is represented as square circulation on a T-S diagram;
the second method is a square and triangle circulation method:
the refrigerant circulation state in the first-stage gravitational field work-doing subsystem is represented as square circulation on a T-S diagram; the refrigerant circulation state in the rest stages of gravity field work-doing subsystems is represented as triangular circulation on a T-S diagram;
a third method, a triangle circulation method:
the refrigerant circulation state in each stage of gravity field work-doing subsystem is represented as triangular circulation on a T-S diagram;
the method IV comprises a triangular and square circulation method:
the refrigerant circulation state in the first-stage gravity field work-doing subsystem is represented as triangular circulation on a T-S diagram; the refrigerant circulation state in the rest stages of gravity field work-doing subsystems is represented as square circulation on a T-S diagram.
As an improvement of the method for applying work by using the cascade gravitational field, the method comprises the following steps of in square circulation (in a same-level gravitational field work application subsystem):
the refrigerant flowing out of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser is a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture (low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture with low dryness), and flows to the inlet of the low-level liquid turbine in a heat-insulating way under the combined action of gravity and pressure difference to form an ultrahigh-pressure liquid working medium which enters the low-level liquid turbine, and the liquid pressure of the ultrahigh-pressure liquid working medium is released to work outwards to form a high-pressure working medium; the high-pressure working medium continuously flows into an evaporation heat absorption channel of the low-level evaporator, and becomes a high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture (the high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture with certain dryness) after absorbing the heat released by the fluid in a heat release channel of the low-level evaporator; the high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture flows towards the inlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser in an adiabatic manner by overcoming the gravity under the action of pressure difference, and becomes a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture (high-dryness low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture) when reaching the inlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser; the low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture releases latent heat to fluid in the heat absorption channel of the high-level condenser in the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser, becomes a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture with reduced dryness (namely, the low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture with lower dryness), flows out of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser, and then flows to the liquid turbine; and the process is circulated.
As an improvement of the cascade gravitational field work method of the invention, in triangular circulation (in a same-level gravitational field work subsystem):
the refrigerant flowing out of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser is low-temperature low-pressure saturated/supercooled liquid working medium, and flows to the inlet of the low-level liquid turbine in an adiabatic manner under the combined action of gravity and pressure difference to form ultrahigh-pressure liquid working medium which enters the low-level liquid turbine, and the liquid pressure of the ultrahigh-pressure liquid working medium is released to apply work outwards to form high-pressure working medium; the high-pressure working medium continuously flows into an evaporation heat absorption channel of the low-level evaporator, and becomes a high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture (the high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture with smaller dryness) after absorbing the heat released by the fluid in a heat release channel of the low-level evaporator; the high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture flows towards the inlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser in an adiabatic way by overcoming the gravity under the action of pressure difference, and becomes a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture (the low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture with higher dryness) when reaching the inlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser; the low-temperature and low-pressure gas-liquid mixture releases latent heat to fluid in the heat absorption channel of the high-level condenser in the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser, becomes low-temperature and low-pressure saturated/supercooled liquid working medium, flows out of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser and flows to the liquid turbine; and the process is circulated.
As a further improvement of the cascade gravitational field work method, in an interstage circulation system: the secondary refrigerant in the heat absorption channel of the upper-stage high-level condenser absorbs the latent heat released by the low-temperature and low-pressure gas-liquid mixture in the condensation heat release channel of the upper-stage high-level condenser, then the temperature is raised, and the secondary refrigerant flows into the heat release channel of the lower-stage low-level evaporator under the action of the interstage circulating pump and releases heat to the high-pressure working medium in the evaporation heat absorption channel of the lower-level evaporator; the temperature is reduced, and the pressurized gas flows into the heat absorption channel of the upper-stage high-level condenser by the interstage circulating pump, and the circulation is carried out.
In the invention, the gravity field work-doing subsystem can be two-stage or multi-stage.
Working media in a closed loop system among a high-level condenser, a low-level evaporator and a liquid turbine of the same-level gravity field work-doing subsystem are refrigeration working media (refrigerants), such as R22.
The working medium conveyed between the gravity field working subsystems of different stages through the interstage circulating pump 4 is common secondary refrigerant such as water.
Compared with the existing gravitational field work-doing system, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the position fall required by system operation is reduced, and the application range is wider. The temperature difference of the evaporator and the condenser is enlarged under the condition of certain position drop through cascade circulation;
2. the form of the external heat source is suitable for a constant-temperature heat source and a variable-temperature heat source.
3. The invention greatly reduces the height difference required by the system by two-stage or multi-stage circulating overlapping, and has four operation methods with different performances, namely square/square circulation, square/triangle circulation, triangle circulation and triangle/square circulation.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cascade gravitational field work-applying device according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional system.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto:
the device example 1 is a cascade gravitational field work device, as shown in fig. 1, composed of at least two stages of gravitational field work subsystems; an interstage circulating system is arranged between the gravity field work doing subsystems of two adjacent stages, and the interstage circulating system consists of an interstage circulating pump 4 and a pipeline thereof; therefore, the gravity field work subsystems of all the stages form a cascade relation through the heat transfer effect of the interstage circulation system.
The gravity field work-applying subsystem of each stage is as follows: comprising a high level condenser 1, a low level liquid turbine 2 and a
The high-level condenser 1 is connected with a condensation heat release channel, the low-level liquid turbine 2 and the low-
In the same-level gravity field work-doing subsystem, the low-level liquid turbine 2 and the low-
A heat absorption channel of a high-level condenser 1 of the gravity field work-doing subsystem of the previous stage, a heat release channel of a low-
A heat release channel of a low-
The following examples 1 to 4 all used the system described in the above apparatus example 1; the difference is whether the outlet state of the
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