阅读说明：本技术 一种红心红肉猕猴桃的培育方法 (Cultivation method of red-heart red-meat kiwi fruit ) 是由 郭正文 于 2020-07-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种红心红肉猕猴桃的培育方法,涉及猕猴桃的培育技术领域。该基于红心红肉猕猴桃的培育方法,包括选种、水培和移栽和定植管理。利用水培技术培育红心红肉猕猴桃的幼苗,可免除外界环境的影响,可防止红心红肉猕猴桃的幼苗在最脆弱的阶段夭折,大大提高了红心红肉猕猴桃在幼苗阶段的成活率,提高了本发明的新颖性。(The invention provides a cultivation method of red-heart red-meat kiwi fruits, and relates to the technical field of cultivation of kiwi fruits. The cultivation method based on the red-heart red-meat kiwi fruit comprises seed selection, water culture, transplanting and field planting management. The seedlings of the red-heart red-meat kiwi fruit are cultivated by utilizing the water culture technology, so that the influence of the external environment can be avoided, the seedlings of the red-heart red-meat kiwi fruit can be prevented from dying in the weakest stage, the survival rate of the red-heart red-meat kiwi fruit in the seedling stage is greatly improved, and the novelty of the invention is improved.)

1. A cultivation method of red-heart red-meat kiwi fruit comprises seed selection, water culture and transplantation, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting mature wild red-heart red-pulp kiwi fruit with excellent quality, placing the mature wild red-heart red-pulp kiwi fruit in a shade place for softening, removing peel, washing pulp to screen out seeds after the pulp is naturally rotten, airing, and storing at a low temperature of 4-5 ℃ for later use;

s2, selecting a sandy loam area with stable weather and proper pH value, carrying out deep ploughing, raking, leveling and compartment treatment, and synchronously applying a base fertilizer and carrying out insect killing treatment;

s3, after the field nursery is processed, constructing a rattan frame, wherein the rattan frame is a Feng-shaped frame body, the ground height is 1.5 meters, the maximum width is 0.8 meter, the transverse interval is 2-2.3 meters, and the longitudinal interval is 1.2-1.5 meters;

s4, soaking the seeds in gibberellin solution with the concentration of 15mg/L for 3-6h at the temperature of 22-26 ℃, fishing out floating seeds, and carrying out pregermination treatment on the seeds;

s5, putting the gibberellin-treated seeds into a water culture box for water culture treatment for 15-24 days, checking every two days, updating the nutrient solution, and performing germination and seedling treatment;

s6, when the height of the main vine of the seedling reaches 15-20CM and the length of the lateral root reaches 6-10CM, thinning the seedling, removing diseased seedling, damaged seedling and seedling with slow development, transplanting the seedling below the pergola respectively, and planting for three years;

s7, topdressing treatment is carried out on the seedlings, field planting management is carried out regularly, pinching treatment is carried out in the first growing season, and central vines are reduced to promote generation of new branches;

and S8, regularly shaping and pruning within three years, cutting off all dead branches, diseased branches and over-dense branches, and remaining main vines and fruiting mother branches.

2. The cultivation method of red-heart red-meat kiwi fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the selection standard of the region is a sandy loam region with sufficient illumination, abundant rainwater and soil pH value of 5.5-6.8.

3. The cultivation method of red-heart red-meat kiwi fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the base fertilizer is 80-85% of bean cake fermented fertilizer and 15-20% of phosphate fertilizer.

4. The cultivation method of red-heart red-meat kiwi fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the additional fertilizer interval is 3-5 months, the additional fertilizer is a mixed liquid of 90-95% of organic wet compost and 5-10% of phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and the concentration of the phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 20-30 g/L.

5. The cultivation method of red-heart red-meat kiwi fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the formula of the water culture nutrient solution comprises 0.08 percent of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.09 percent of potassium hydroxide, 0.08 percent of zinc sulfate, 0.06 percent of magnesium sulfate, 0.03 percent of boric acid powder, 0.03 percent of manganese sulfate, 0.09 percent of calcium phosphate, 0.07 percent of ferrous sulfate, 0.58-0.68 percent of monopotassium phosphate and 0.0015-0.002 percent of gibberellin.

6. The cultivation method of red-heart red-meat kiwi fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the insecticidal treatment mode is that 400 times of 40% Anminle missible oil is used for spraying the soil before and after deep ploughing.

7. The cultivation method of red-heart red-meat kiwi fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the field planting management comprises weed removal, insect pest removal and irrigation.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation of kiwi fruits, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of red-heart red-meat kiwi fruits.

Background

Kiwi (Actinidia Chinensis Planch) belongs to perennial vine plants of Actinidia of Actinidiaceae, and is a successful model for artificially domesticating wild fruit trees in the 20 th century to cultivate fruit trees. The genus Actinidia has 54 varieties and 21 varieties, and the total number of the varieties is 75, wherein Chinese has 52 varieties and 73 classification units. The kiwi fruit has unique flavor and is rich in vitamins, dietary fibers, trace elements, polyphenol, polysaccharide and flavone; the vitamin C content is far higher than that of other fruits, the content of the vitamin C can reach-11000 mg.100 g in the high fruits, and the utilization rate of the vitamin C in human bodies can reach 94 percent, so the vitamin C is known as the king of fruits. China is a world commercial kiwi fruit producing and selling big fruit, at present, the kiwi fruit cultivating area and the output of China are the world first, the red-heart red-pulp kiwi fruit is a new variety, belongs to the red-pulp kiwi fruit variety in the Chinese kiwi fruit, is an extra early-maturing red-heart variety, and has stable filial generation genetic character, strong stress resistance, larger fruit, strong sweet and delicious flavor and storage resistance.

The existing cultivation method of the red-heart red-meat kiwi fruit is generally that the kiwi fruit is directly germinated and planted on a nursery garden after sand storage treatment, the influence of weather and insect pests on the fragile stage of kiwi fruit seedlings is large, the growth of the kiwi fruit is not facilitated, and a cultivation method specially sold aiming at sub-mature plants does not appear in the existing market.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a cultivation method of red-heart red-meat kiwi fruit, and solves the problems that the most fragile stage of kiwi fruit seedlings is greatly influenced by weather and insect pests and is not beneficial to the growth of kiwi fruit.

(II) technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a cultivation method of red-heart red-meat kiwi fruit comprises the steps of seed selection, water culture and transplantation, and comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting mature wild red-heart red-pulp kiwi fruit with excellent quality, placing the mature wild red-heart red-pulp kiwi fruit in a shade place for softening, removing peel, washing pulp to screen out seeds after the pulp is naturally rotten, airing, and storing at a low temperature of 4-5 ℃ for later use;

s2, selecting a sandy loam area with stable weather and proper pH value, carrying out deep ploughing, raking, leveling and compartment making, and synchronously applying base fertilizer and insect killing treatment;

s3, after the field nursery is processed, constructing a rattan frame, wherein the rattan frame is a Feng-shaped frame body, the ground height is 1.5 meters, the maximum width is 0.8 meter, the transverse interval is 2-2.3 meters, and the longitudinal interval is 1.2-1.5 meters;

s4, soaking the seeds in gibberellin solution with the concentration of 15mg/L for 3-6h at the temperature of 22-26 ℃, fishing out floating seeds, and carrying out pregermination treatment on the seeds;

s5, putting the gibberellin-treated seeds into a water culture box for water culture treatment for 15-24 days, checking every two days, updating the nutrient solution, and performing germination and seedling treatment;

s6, when the height of the main vine of the seedling reaches 15-20CM and the length of the lateral root reaches 6-10CM, thinning the seedling, removing diseased seedling, damaged seedling and seedling with slow development, transplanting the seedling below the pergola respectively, and planting for three years;

s7, topdressing treatment is carried out on the seedlings, field planting management is carried out regularly, pinching treatment is carried out in the first growing season, and central vines are reduced to promote generation of new branches;

and S8, regularly shaping and pruning within three years, cutting off all dead branches, diseased branches and over-dense branches, and remaining main vines and fruiting mother branches.

Preferably, the ratio of the total amount of the components is set to be zero.

Preferably, the selection criteria of the regions are sandy loam regions with sufficient light, abundant rainwater and soil pH value between 5.5 and 6.8.

Preferably, the base fertilizer is 80-85% of bean cake fermented fertilizer and 15-20% of phosphate fertilizer.

Preferably, the additional fertilizer interval is 3-5 months, the additional fertilizer is a mixed solution of 90-95% of organic wet compost and 5-10% of phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and the concentration of the phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 20-30 g/L.

Preferably, the formula of the water culture nutrient solution is 0.08 percent of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.09 percent of potassium hydroxide, 0.08 percent of zinc sulfate, 0.06 percent of magnesium sulfate, 0.03 percent of boric acid powder, 0.03 percent of manganese sulfate, 0.09 percent of calcium phosphate, 0.07 percent of ferrous sulfate, 0.58-0.68 percent of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.0015-0.002 percent of gibberellin.

Preferably, the insecticidal treatment mode is that the soil before and after the deep ploughing is sprayed with 400 times of 40% anmin emulsifiable solution.

Preferably, the colonization management comprises weed removal, pest removal and irrigation.

(III) advantageous effects

The invention provides a cultivation method of red-heart red-meat kiwi fruit. The method has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention utilizes the water culture technology to cultivate the seedlings of the red-heart red-meat kiwi fruit, can avoid the influence of the external environment, can prevent the seedlings of the red-heart red-meat kiwi fruit from dying in the weakest stage, greatly improves the survival rate of the red-heart red-meat kiwi fruit in the seedling stage, and improves the novelty of the invention.

2. Gibberellin is added into the water culture nutrient solution, so that the growth speed of seedlings can be improved to a certain extent, the pH value of the nutrient solution is in a weak acid environment of 6-7 through the cooperation of potassium hydroxide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the growth of kiwi fruit seedlings is facilitated.

3. The height and the space of the rattan frame are proper, so that the trimming and the planting management are convenient, and the practicability of the invention is enhanced.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.