阅读说明：本技术 用于处理薄玻璃带的系统和方法 (System and method for processing thin glass ribbon ) 是由 杰弗里·罗伯特·阿玛顿 安托万·加斯顿·丹尼斯·比森 诺曼·布拉德利·邓宁 罗曼·詹森 罗希 于 2018-10-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本公开提供了用于处理玻璃带(22)的系统、设备和方法。所述玻璃带被供应到输送设备(32)的上游侧,所述输送设备包括输送机装置和拉动装置(72)。所述输送机装置建立从该上游侧到下游侧的主行进平面(P)。所述拉动装置(72)位于所述下游侧并在所述玻璃带(22)上施加拉力以沿行进路径输送所述玻璃带,所述行进路径包括第一折弯(100)、第二折弯(102)和第三折弯(104),并且从所述第三折弯下游的位置进入所述主行进平面并往所述拉动装置输送。所述第一折弯、所述第二折弯和所述第三折弯中的至少一者将应力施加到所述玻璃带的表面中以展平所述玻璃带。所述玻璃带在所述第三折弯处的粘度大于所述玻璃带在所述第一折弯处的粘度。(The present disclosure provides systems, apparatuses, and methods for processing a glass ribbon (22). The glass ribbon is supplied to an upstream side of a conveying apparatus (32) that includes a conveyor device and a pulling device (72). The conveyor device establishes a main plane of travel (P) from the upstream side to the downstream side. The pulling device (72) is located on the downstream side and exerts a pulling force on the glass ribbon (22) to convey the glass ribbon along a travel path that includes a first bend (100), a second bend (102), and a third bend (104) and from a location downstream of the third bend into the main travel plane and toward the pulling device. At least one of the first bend, the second bend, and the third bend applies a stress into a surface of the glass ribbon to flatten the glass ribbon. The viscosity of the glass ribbon at the third bend is greater than the viscosity of the glass ribbon at the first bend.)

1. A method for processing a glass ribbon, the method comprising:

supplying a glass ribbon from a supply apparatus to an upstream side of a conveyance apparatus, the conveyance apparatus including a pulling device and a conveyor device, the pulling device being located on a downstream side of the conveyance apparatus, the downstream side being opposite the upstream side, the conveyor device establishing a main travel plane from the upstream side to the downstream side; and

applying a pulling force on the glass ribbon with the pulling device and continuously conveying the glass ribbon along a travel path comprising:

a first bend at a first location between the upstream side and the pulling device, the first bend defining a curve convex to the primary plane of travel,

a second bend at a second location between the first location and the pulling device, the second bend defining a curve that is concave toward the primary travel plane,

a third bend at a third position between the second position and the pulling device, the third bend defining a curve that is convex to the main plane of travel, wherein a vertical distance between the third position and the main plane of travel is greater than a vertical distance between the first position and the main plane of travel, an

From a position downstream of the third position in the main plane of travel to the pulling device.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first bend, the second bend, and the third bend applies a stress into a surface of the glass ribbon to flatten the glass ribbon.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the viscosity of the glass ribbon at the first location is different than the viscosity of the glass ribbon at the third location.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the viscosity of the glass ribbon at the first location is at least 10 times less than the viscosity of the glass ribbon at the third location.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the viscosity of the glass ribbon at the first location is no greater than 1 x 108 poise and the viscosity of the glass ribbon at the third location is no less than 1 x 108 poise.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first bending is caused at least in part by an interface between a first bending tool included with the glass ribbon and the conveyance apparatus.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first bend is further caused, at least in part, by gravity acting on the glass ribbon.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first bending tool includes a support surface positioned above the primary plane of travel, the glass ribbon contacting the support surface above the primary plane of travel and traveling toward the primary plane of travel immediately downstream of the first bending tool.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the second bending is caused at least in part by an interface between the glass ribbon and a second bending tool included with the conveying apparatus.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the second location is between the first bending tool and the second bending tool.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the second bending is further caused, at least in part, by gravity acting on the glass ribbon to direct the glass ribbon between the first bending tool and the second bending tool toward the primary travel plane.

12. The method of claim 9, wherein the third bending is caused at least in part by an interface between the glass ribbon and a third bending tool included with the conveying apparatus.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the glass ribbon comprises a first major face opposite a second major face, the first major face interfacing with the first bending tool and the second bending tool, and the second major face interfacing with the third bending tool.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of supplying the glass ribbon includes guiding the glass ribbon in a vertical direction from the supply apparatus toward the upstream side.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of supplying the glass ribbon further comprises diverting the glass ribbon from the vertical direction to the upstream side.

16. A system for processing a glass ribbon, the system comprising:

a conveying apparatus, the conveying apparatus comprising:

a conveyor device establishing a main plane of travel from an upstream side to a downstream side, the downstream side being opposite the upstream side,

a pulling device located on the downstream side of the conveying apparatus for conveying a glass ribbon along a path of travel,

a first bending tool proximate the upstream side,

a second bending tool between the first bending tool and the downstream side, wherein a vertical distance between the second bending tool and the primary plane of travel is greater than a vertical distance between the first bending tool and the primary plane of travel,

a third bending tool between the second bending tool and the downstream side, wherein a vertical distance between the third bending tool and the main plane of travel is greater than a vertical distance between the second bending tool and the main plane of travel,

wherein the first, second, and third bending tools establish the travel path comprising:

a first bend at a first position between the upstream side and the pulling device, the first bend defining a curve convex towards the main plane of travel,

a second bend at a second location between the first location and the pulling device, the second bend defining a curve that is concave toward the primary plane of travel,

a third bend at a third position between the second position and the pulling device, the third bend defining a curve convex toward the main plane of travel, an

From a position downstream of the third position in the main plane of travel to the pulling device.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the first bending tool, the second bending tool, and the third bending tool are each configured to establish line contact with a continuous glass ribbon being conveyed along the travel path.

18. The system of claim 16, wherein a horizontal distance between the first bending tool and the second bending tool is greater than a horizontal distance between the second bending tool and the third bending tool.

19. The system of claim 16, wherein at least one of the first bending tool, the second bending tool, and the third bending tool is static.

20. A bending tool assembly for processing a glass ribbon, the bending tool assembly comprising:

an upstream bending tool;

a downstream bending tool;

an upstream supporting unit supporting opposite ends of the upstream bending tool;

a downstream supporting unit supporting opposite ends of the downstream bending tool;

a base unit comprising a plate, first and second side legs extending from opposite ends of the plate, a first cross beam connected to the first side leg, and a second cross beam connected to the second side leg such that the first and second cross beams support the upstream and downstream support units relative to the plate;

wherein at least one of the opposing ends of at least one of the upstream bending tool and the downstream bending tool is selectively movable relative to the plate.

Technical Field

This application is entitled to priority from U.S. provisional application No. 62/578,816 filed 2017, 10, 30, § 119, the content of which is the basis of this application and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for processing glass ribbons. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to systems and methods for processing glass ribbons as part of the manufacture of thin glass sheets from moving glass ribbons.

Background

The manufacture of glass sheets typically involves producing a glass ribbon from a molten glass material and then cutting or separating individual glass sheets from the glass ribbon. Various techniques are known for making glass. For example, with a downdraw process (e.g., a fusion draw process), the glass ribbon is drawn downward (typically from a forming body). Other glass making processes include, for example, float, pull-up, slot and Fourcault type processes. In still other examples, the glass ribbon may be temporarily stored in roll form and then unwound for subsequent cutting or separation of individual glass sheets.

In order to meet the requirements of many end use applications, efforts have been directed to producing thinner glass sheets (e.g., about 1 millimeter (mm) or less). As the thickness of the glass ribbon from which the glass sheet is formed becomes thinner, the glass ribbon is also more susceptible to warping (warp) (or flatness deviations) and other problems, such as surface damage during the process steps of providing thinner glass ribbons. The warp may occur in one or more of the width or length directions of the glass ribbon. Flatness deviations may also be caused by the glass manufacturing process layout. For example, with some thin rolled glass forming techniques, the process layout includes transitioning the glass ribbon from a vertical orientation to a horizontal orientation. During this turning, the glass is still viscous, low enough to be easily influenced by gravity, and some edge effects may induce noticeable lateral deformation. In the longitudinal direction, a pulling force may be applied to stabilize the glass ribbon by developing a tensile force. The resulting compressive component then appears on the edge, which in turn may generate wrinkles or warps across the width. A flatter glass ribbon reduces the amount of material that may need to be removed (such as by grinding and/or polishing) to achieve a given final thickness. For example, flatness on the order of 100 microns may be required for some applications (for sheet sizes of about 250mm by 600 mm).

As a point of reference, during the glass forming process, the glass ribbon is first formed in a viscous state, then cooled to a viscoelastic state and finally to an elastic state. A common practice to minimize warpage is to pass the glass ribbon through a nip roller at the end of the near-fully viscous state. The clamping rollers are cylindrical and can be set with a fixed gap or with a fixed clamping force. Typically, one of the two clamping rollers is driven while the other is idle to apply the desired force. In any event, the mechanical effect imparted to the glass ribbon by the clamping rollers is substantially unidirectional ("pinching" effect) and is characterized by a short straight line or linear mode of contact. For some end use applications, the line contact applied by the nip roller alone may not achieve the desired level of flatness.

Accordingly, systems and methods for processing a glass ribbon (e.g., reducing warp in a glass ribbon) are disclosed herein.

Disclosure of Invention

Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method for processing a glass ribbon. The glass ribbon is supplied from a supply device to an upstream side of the conveying device. The conveying device comprises a conveyor device and a pulling device. The pulling device is located on a downstream side of the conveying apparatus, the downstream side being opposite the upstream side. The conveyor device establishes a main plane of travel from the upstream side to the downstream side. A pulling force is exerted on the glass ribbon to continuously convey the glass ribbon along the path of travel. In this regard, the travel path includes a first bend, a second bend, and a third bend. The first bend is formed at a first position between the upstream side and the pulling means. The first bend defines a curve convex towards the main travel plane. A second bend is formed at a second location between the first location and the pulling device. The second bend defines a curve that is concave toward the main plane of travel. A third bend is formed at a third location between the second location and the pulling device. The third bend defines a curve convex towards the main travel plane. The vertical distance between the third position and the main travel plane is greater than the vertical distance between the first position and the main travel plane. The travel path further includes from a location downstream of the third location in the main travel plane to the pulling device. At least one of the first bend, the second bend, and the third bend applies a stress into a surface of the glass ribbon to flatten the glass ribbon. In some embodiments, the viscosity of the glass ribbon at the third bend is different than the viscosity of the glass ribbon at the first bend. In other embodiments, at least one of the first bend, the second bend, and the third bend is caused, at least in part, by the interface between the glass ribbon and the bending tool along with gravity.

Still other embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a system for processing a glass ribbon. The system includes a delivery apparatus. The conveying apparatus comprises a conveyor device, a pulling device, a first bending tool, a second bending tool and a third bending tool. The conveyor device establishes a main plane of travel from the upstream side to the downstream side. A pulling device is located at the downstream side for conveying the glass ribbon along the path of travel. The first bending tool is close to the upstream side. The second bending tool is between the first bending tool and the downstream side. The vertical distance between the second bending tool and the main plane of travel is greater than the vertical distance between the first bending tool and the main plane of travel. The third bending tool is between the second bending tool and the downstream side. The vertical distance between the third bending tool and the main plane of travel is greater than the vertical distance between the second bending tool and the main plane of travel. The first, second, and third bending tools at least partially establish a travel path that includes the first, second, and third bends. The first bend is formed at a first location between the upstream side and the pulling device. The first bend defines a curve convex towards the main travel plane. The second bend is formed at a second location between the first location and the pulling device. The second bend defines a curve that is concave toward the main plane of travel. A third bend is formed at a third location between the second location and the pulling device. The third bend defines a curve convex towards the main travel plane. The travel path further includes from a location downstream of the third location in the main travel plane to the pulling device. In some embodiments, the first, second, and third bending tools are configured to establish line contact with the glass ribbon.

Still other embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a bending tool assembly for processing a glass ribbon. The bending tool assembly includes an upstream bending tool, a downstream bending tool, an upstream support unit, a downstream support unit, and a base unit. The upstream supporting unit supports the opposite end of the upstream bending tool. The downstream supporting unit supports the opposite ends of the downstream bending tool. The base unit includes a plate, first and second side legs extending from opposite ends of the plate, a first cross member connected to the first side leg, and a second cross member connected to the second side leg. The first and second cross members support the upstream and downstream support units with respect to the plate. Further, the bending tool assembly is configured such that at least one of the opposing ends of at least one of the upstream bending tool and the downstream bending tool is selectively movable relative to the plate.

Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing the embodiments described herein, including the detailed description which follows, the claims, as well as the appended drawings.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description describe various embodiments and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the subject matter as it is claimed. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the various embodiments, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate various embodiments described herein and together with the description serve to explain the principles and operations of the claimed subject matter.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a simplified side view of a system for processing a glass ribbon according to the principles of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 schematically depicts forcing a bend into a running glass ribbon;

FIG. 3 is a typical glass viscosity graph in which the area to be flattened is marked;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a bending tool assembly useful with the glass ribbon floor-delivery unit of the present disclosure, according to the principles of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged side perspective view of a portion of the bending tool assembly of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6A is a side view of the bending tool assembly of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6B is another side view of the bending tool assembly depicting upstream and downstream bending tools in a different location than FIG. 6A;

FIG. 7 is a simplified side view of another floor-based conveyance unit for processing a glass ribbon according to the principles of the present disclosure and including the bending tool assembly of FIG. 4;

FIG. 8 is a graph of warp measured in a comparative sample glass sheet of the example section; and

FIG. 9 is a graph of warp measured in an example glass sheet of an example portion.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments of systems and methods for processing a glass ribbon, and more particularly to systems and methods for removing warp from or improving flatness in a glass ribbon (e.g., a continuous glass ribbon). Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.

Some aspects of the present disclosure provide glass ribbon processing systems and methods in which a continuously conveyed or traveling glass ribbon is subjected to temporary bending at a location along a travel path in a manner such that final flatness is improved. The degree or curvature of the bend applied and the mechanism (or bending tool) utilized to effect the bend may be selected as explained below in accordance with the desired viscosity of the glass ribbon in order to generate a stress field that tends to straighten the profile of the glass ribbon across the width. With this in mind, an embodiment of a system 20 in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure and useful for forming and processing a glass ribbon 22 is schematically illustrated in FIG. 1. Although the system 20 is described herein as being used to process a glass ribbon, it should be understood that the systems and methods of the present disclosure can also be used to process other types of materials, such as polymers (e.g., plexi-glass)^TM) Metal, or other substrate material.

The system 20 includes a glass ribbon supply apparatus 30 and a delivery apparatus 32. As explained in more detail below, the glass ribbon supply apparatus 30 can take a wide variety of forms to accommodate the creation and delivery of the glass ribbon 22 to the upstream side 40 of the delivery apparatus 32. The conveyance device 32 causes the glass ribbon 22 to travel from the upstream side 40 to the downstream side 42. In this regard, the glass ribbon 22 cools from the upstream side 40 to the downstream side 42 and thus experiences an increased viscosity. Further, the conveyance device 32 is configured to mitigate or remove warp (flatness deviation) from the glass ribbon 22 as the glass ribbon 22 advances to the downstream side 42.

In some non-limiting embodiments, the glass ribbon supply apparatus 30 incorporates a melting process in which molten glass 50 is delivered to the forming body 52. The forming body 52 includes an open channel 54 positioned on an upper surface thereof, and a pair of converging forming surfaces 56 that converge at a bottom or root 58 of the forming body 52. The molten glass 50 flows into the open channel 54 and overflows the walls thereof to separate into two separate streams of molten glass that flow onto the converging forming surfaces 56. When the separate streams of molten glass reach the root 58, they recombine (or melt) to form a single viscous ribbon of molten glass (i.e., the glass ribbon 22) that descends from the root 58. Each roller 60 contacts the viscous ribbon of glass 22 along an edge of the ribbon and assists in stretching the ribbon of glass 22 in a first, downward direction 62 (such as the vertical direction). The present disclosure is equally applicable to other variations of the downdraw glass manufacturing process (such as a single-sided overflow process or a slot draw process), the basic processes of which are well known to those skilled in the art.

In some embodiments, glass ribbon supply apparatus 30 can further include a redirecting device 64 that redirects glass ribbon 22 from first direction 62 into a second direction 66 for conveyance to conveyance apparatus 32. The redirection means 64 is represented in fig. 1 by a roller 68. In some embodiments, glass ribbon 22 is turned by redirecting device 64 at an angle of 90 degrees while second direction 66 is horizontal. In some embodiments, the redirecting device 64 does not physically contact the ribbon 22 (e.g., an air bearing), or contact may be limited to an edge portion of the ribbon 22 where contact is necessary, such as when a roller is used.

Other ribbon forming techniques are also acceptable, and these techniques do not necessarily include the 90 degree turn described above, do not necessarily incorporate a fusion process, and the like. Regardless, the molten, viscous ribbon of glass 22 is continuously supplied to the upstream side 40 of the delivery apparatus 32.

The transport apparatus 32 includes a conveyor device 70 (generally), a pulling device 72, and one or more bending tools, such as bending tools 74, 76, 78. In a general sense, the conveyor device 70 establishes a main travel plane P from the upstream side 40 to the downstream side 42. Pulling device 72 is located at or proximate to downstream side 42 and applies a pulling force on glass ribbon 22 to continuously convey glass ribbon 22 along a travel path defined at least in part by bending tools 74, 76, 78, as described below.

Conveyor device 70 can take various forms suitable for supporting glass ribbon 22 and can include a conveyance device (such as rollers 80). The rollers 80 can have any form suitable for interfacing (e.g., contacting) the glass ribbon. For example, the rollers 80 can each include or exhibit a material, stiffness, surface coating, etc. suitable for directly contacting the glass ribbon 22 in a manner that does not unduly adversely affect the selected properties of the glass ribbon 22. Some or all of the rollers 80 may be driven rollers of a type known to the skilled artisan. Other forms of conveyance are also acceptable, such as belt conveyors, non-contact conveyors (e.g., air bearings), and the like. Although fig. 1 reflects only a few of the rollers 80 immediately downstream 42, in other embodiments, one or more transport devices (e.g., rollers) may be included adjacent the upstream side 40 or between the upstream side 40 and the downstream side 42. Regardless, the rollers 80 (or other conveyor arrangement) together establish the primary plane of travel P to the vertically lowest extent that the conveyor 70 contacts or otherwise directly interfaces with the glass ribbon 22. In some non-limiting embodiments, the conveyor device 70 is configured for mounting to a glass manufacturing facility floor and, thus, may include a frame (not shown) that supports the drum 80 (or other transport device) in a manner known in the art.

The pulling device 72 can take a variety of forms suitable for driving or pulling the glass ribbon 22, and in some embodiments can be (or can include) a conventional pinch roll device that includes a first roll 90 and a second roll 92. One or both of the rollers 90, 92 may be driven rollers as known in the art. With these configurations and the like, the pulling device 72 can further include a controller (not shown) (e.g., a computer-like device, a programmable logic controller, etc.) programmed to control the speed or travel rate of the glass ribbon 22 along the conveyance apparatus 32. Other pulling means configurations are also acceptable.

In view of the above general parameters of conveyor device 70 and pulling device 72, bending tools 74, 76, 78 may take various forms and may be located at various positions relative to main travel plane P, upstream side 40, and downstream side 42 to interface with glass ribbon 22 in the manner described below. In a more general sense, the arrangement and configuration of bending tools 74, 76, 78 included in delivery apparatus 32 is selected to subject glass ribbon 22 to a series of temporary bends that serve to reduce the warp in glass ribbon 22 while minimizing direct contact with glass ribbon 22. The force involved in the bending step is provided by the pulling force generated at the pulling device 72. As a point of reference, the bending of the traveling glass ribbon 22 can be viewed as a combination of the upward force U and the downward force D, as generally reflected in FIG. 2. The upward force U component may be provided by physical means that drive the glass ribbon 22 to a position above the main travel plane P. This physical means may be a solid surface (static or rotating) with or without an air bearing that causes an interaction (possibly friction, rolling or no contact). The downward force D component may be provided by gravity when the viscosity of the ribbon is sufficiently low, or through the use of mechanical means that force the ribbon 22 to a lower position. In any event, the bend creates a surface stress field that tends to straighten or flatten the profile of the glass ribbon 22 across its width (as opposed to a linear force as would otherwise be achieved by the clamping rollers).

Returning to fig. 1, and as mentioned above, the conveyance device 32 is configured to produce each of the series of flatness-improving bends at locations along the travel path as a function of the desired viscosity of the glass ribbon 22. In this regard, the glass ribbon 22 cools while traveling from the upstream side 40 to the downstream side 42; thus, the viscosity of the ribbon 22 gradually increases from the upstream side 40 to the downstream side 42. The addition of a change in curvature (when done at the appropriate viscosity) can provide a substantial improvement in the initial shape. If the change in camber is accomplished at too low a viscosity, localized shear effects may occur, which may undesirably modify the thickness of the glass ribbon 22. If the change in curvature is completed at too high a viscosity, the regional stresses generated within glass ribbon 22 during continuous bending may be insufficient to completely flatten or remove the warp. One configuration of the conveyor apparatus 32 is based on these constraints while using gravity as the bending force component when feasible. As a reference point, fig. 3 depicts an example viscosity curve (as a function of temperature). At marked region 94 along the viscosity curve according to principles of the present disclosureIs beneficial as is a bend that experiences a force at region 95 in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure (e.g., the bend is caused or generated by a force applied to the glass ribbon due to the interface with the structure). In region 96, it may be appropriate for the clamping roller to be flattened. It has been surprisingly found that the viscosity at ribbon 22 is about 10⁶To 10⁸Gravity-driven bending is possible at regions in the range of Poise (Poise); and a viscosity of about 10 in the glass ribbon 22⁸To 10⁹Bending under force is appropriate at the region in the range of poise (for glass ribbon thicknesses on the order of 1mm and at speeds of 10 to 12 m/min). In some embodiments, other viscosity/bending technical relationships are also acceptable.

Returning to fig. 1, and in view of the general background above, the conveyance device 32 is configured to make one or more bends (e.g., a change in direction relative to the main travel plane P) along the travel path of the glass ribbon 22, such as a first bend 100, a second bend 102, and a third bend 104. One or more (including all) of bends 100-104 may induce surface stresses in glass ribbon 22 that remove the warp in glass ribbon 22. Bends 100-104 result from the interface of glass ribbon 22 with one or more of bending tools 74, 76, 78 (along with gravity and the pulling force applied by pulling device 72).

To provide a better understanding of the location of bend tools 74, 76, 78 and the location of bends 100-104 relative to each other, orthogonal vertical V and horizontal H directions are labeled in fig. 1. The vertical direction V may be perpendicular to the main travel plane P, while the horizontal direction H may be parallel to the main travel plane P. In the following description, "vertical" and "vertically" refer to the vertical direction V; "horizontal", "horizontally", "upstream" and "downstream" are with reference to the horizontal direction H. Further, opposing first and second major faces 110, 112 of the glass ribbon 22 are identified in fig. 1.

The path of travel of the glass ribbon 22 relative to the conveyance device 32 begins at a location 120 upstream of the upstream side 40 that is in or in close proximity to the main plane of travel P. The first bending tool 74 is located proximate to the upstream location 120 (but downstream of the upstream location 120) and provides a support surface 122 (broadly, such as a solid surface, an air bearing, etc.) that is positioned vertically above the primary travel plane P (and vertically above the upstream location 120). The position of the first bending tool 74 relative to the upstream side 40 is further correlated to the desired viscosity of the glass ribbon 22; the first bending tool 74 is positioned to interface with the first major face 110 of the glass ribbon 22 at a point where the viscosity of the glass ribbon 22 favors gravity-induced bending. With this arrangement, first bending tool 74 and gravity force first bend 100 into ribbon 22 as ribbon 22 advances from upstream location 120 toward support surface 122 and then beyond (downstream of) support surface 122. Glass ribbon 22 can be viewed as having a first segment 124 and a second segment 126 located on opposite sides of first bend 100. Since the interfaced region 122 is positioned vertically above the upstream position 120, the first segment 124 advances vertically away from the main plane of travel P from the upstream position 120 toward the bearing surface 122. As glass ribbon 22 travels beyond support surface 122, gravity causes second segment 124 to advance vertically from first bend 100 toward primary travel plane P. The first bend 100 is the bend in the glass ribbon 22 between the first segment 124 and the second segment 126 and has a vertex 127 (the vertex is where the slope of the curve of the first bend 100 is zero). The curve provided by the first bend 100 is convex with respect to the main travel plane P.

The second bend 102 is formed downstream of the first bend 100 and is caused by gravity and the position of at least the second bending tool 76. In particular, the second bending tool 76 is positioned vertically above (and horizontally downstream from) the interface region 122 of the first bending tool 74. The location of the second bending tool 76 is further related to the desired viscosity of the glass ribbon 22; the second bending tool 76 is positioned to interface with the first major face 110 of the glass ribbon 22 at a point at which the viscosity of the glass ribbon 22 has increased (relative to the viscosity at the point that interfaces with the first bending tool 74) to a level at which the glass ribbon 22 is unlikely to experience substantial bending due entirely to the force of gravity. In other words, at this point of interface with the second bending tool 76, the viscosity of the glass ribbon 22 is sufficiently high that the glass ribbon 22 will not only bend around the second bending tool 76 in a manner similar to the interaction of the glass ribbon 22 with the first bending tool 74 described above. However, the distance between the first bending tool 74 and the second bending tool 76 (both vertical and horizontal) incorporates the desired viscosity of the glass ribbon 22 such that the second bend 102 will be formed in the glass ribbon 22 (upstream of the second bending tool 76) due to gravity. In other words, the location of the second bending tool 76 and the desired viscosity of the glass ribbon 22 are such that the glass ribbon 22 defines the second segment 126 (vertically toward the primary travel plane P) and the third segment 128, as described above, on opposite sides of the second bend 102. The second bending tool 76 causes the third segment 128 to advance vertically away from the main plane of travel P in traveling from the second bend 102 to the second bending tool 76. The second bend 102 represents the bend in the glass ribbon 22 between the second and third segments 126, 128 and has an apex 129. The curve established by the second bend 102 is concave with respect to the main travel plane P. If the viscosity of glass ribbon 22 is too high and/or second bending tool 76 is positioned closer to first bending tool 74, the force of gravity alone will not be sufficient to cause second bend 102 to form. With these explanations in mind, the second bending tool 76 is configured and positioned to support the glass ribbon 22 along the travel path as the glass ribbon 22 advances toward the third bending tool 78.

A third bend 104 is formed downstream of the second bend 102 and is created by the third bending tool 78 and gravity. In particular, the third bending tool 78 is positioned vertically above and horizontally downstream of the second bending tool 76. The position of third bending tool 78 is further related to the desired viscosity of ribbon 22; third bending tool 78 is positioned to interface with second major face 112 of glass ribbon 22 at a point at which the viscosity of glass ribbon 22 has increased (relative to the viscosity of glass ribbon 22 at the point that interfaces with first bending tool 74) to a level suitable for applying a force bending and less likely to undergo substantial bending entirely due to the force of gravity. In other words, the viscosity of the glass ribbon 22 is high enough that the glass ribbon 22 will not experience localized shear upon contact with a surface (such as the third bending tool 78), but low enough to readily deform in response to contact. The position of the third bending tool 78 is related to the desired viscosity of the glass ribbon 22 at the point of interface with the third bending tool 78 such that the glass ribbon 22 includes the aforementioned third segment 128 (proceeding vertically away from the main travel plane P) and fourth segment 130 on opposite sides of the third bend 104. The fourth segment 130 advances vertically from the third bend 104 towards the main travel plane P. Third bend 104 represents the bend in glass ribbon 22 between third and fourth segments 128, 130 and has an apex 131. This curve establishing third bend 104 is convex with respect to main travel plane P. As a point of reference, without the third bending tool 78, gravity would likely cause the glass ribbon 22 to eventually deflect from the direction of the third segment 128, gradually bending back toward the main travel plane P as the glass ribbon 22 advances away from the second bending tool 76. The third bending tool 78 is forced into this natural, gravity-induced path, forcing the glass ribbon 22 to undergo a more unique curve suitable for generating surface stresses as described above (e.g., sufficient for removing the warp in the glass ribbon 22). Accordingly (and as reflected in fig. 1), third bend 104 is formed in glass ribbon 22 such that apex 131 of third bend 104 is slightly upstream of third bending tool 78. In other words, glass ribbon 22 does not form a unique curve at (or near) third bending tool 78; conversely, third bending tool 78 is formatted and positioned (relative to second bending tool 76) to impart a deflection in the travel path that, in addition to gravity and the viscosity of glass ribbon 22 at the interface with third bending tool 78, produces a third bend 104 suitable for removing warp. In any case, the vertical distance between the main plane of travel P and the third bend 104 is greater than the vertical distance between the main plane of travel P and the first bend 100.

The path of travel of glass ribbon 22 continues from apex 131 of third bend 104 toward primary plane of travel P. Adjacent the downstream end 42, the first major face 110 is supported by the roller 80 (e.g., contacts the roller 80). Glass ribbon 22 may be located in a primary travel plane P along rollers 80 and at pulling device 72. In some embodiments, the position of the rollers 80 is related to the desired viscosity of the glass ribbon 22 at the point of interface with the rollers 80; for example, where the viscosity of the glass ribbon 22 increases to a level suitable for direct, non-destructive contact with the roll surface.

Although conveyor apparatus 32 has been described as including three bending tools 74, 76, 78 and defining the travel path as including three bends 100, 102, 104, any other number of bending tools (whether fewer or more) is acceptable. For example, additional bending tools may be provided along the desired travel path to support glass ribbon 22 (e.g., as described above for second bending tool 76). Regardless, the conveying apparatus of the present disclosure is formatted to form at least one curve or bend in the travel path of glass ribbon 22 at a location corresponding to a desired viscosity of glass ribbon 22 at the bend suitable to generate surface stress sufficient to remove the warped portion from glass ribbon 22. In the case of a viscous film (e.g., a viscous glass ribbon), a portion of the stress created by bending is used to macroscopically topography the glass ribbon 22 and also locally flatten it. These stresses relax in a short time, making the local deformation permanent. Glass ribbon 22 undergoes this flattening along at least one or more of bends 100, 102, 104. While the travel path of the glass ribbon 22 from the upstream side 40 to the downstream side 42 has been described as originating at the convex first bend 100 (relative to the primary travel plane P), in other embodiments, the travel path from the upstream side may include one or more other bends upstream of the first bend 100 (e.g., one or more concave bends (relative to the primary travel plane P) upstream of the convex first bend 100).

Bending tools used with the conveying apparatus of the present disclosure, such as bending tools 74, 76, 78, may take various forms suitable for interfacing with glass ribbon 22 as glass ribbon 22 is conveyed along a path of travel by mechanically making the bend that mitigates warpage as described above. In a more general sense, the bending tools are configured to establish a straight-line type contact or interface with glass ribbon 22 with minimal or no heat induction (i.e., the bending tools do not create "hot scars" on glass ribbon 22). In some embodiments, one or more or all of the bending tools provided with the floor-based transport units of the present disclosure (such as one or more of bending tools 74, 76, 78) may be static bodies (e.g., fixed or non-rotating rods). Static bending tools useful with the floor-based delivery units and methods of the present disclosure may include high thermal conductivity materials to avoid thermal gradient-driven deformation in glass ribbon 22. In some embodiments, static-type bending tools incorporate a low coefficient of friction material (or other material configured to have a low friction interface to the glass ribbon) at least at the face intended to interface with the running glass ribbon 22 to minimize drag and sticking issues. For example, a static type bending tool may include or include silicon carbide, graphite, or the like, at least at the face intended to interface with glass ribbon 22. In still other embodiments, the static type bending tool may include an air bearing that interfaces with the traveling glass ribbon 22 (e.g., first bending tool 74 may have an air bearing configuration). The air-bearing configuration can be used as a bending tool at several locations where moderate forces are appropriate for making the desired bend or curve in glass ribbon 22.

In some embodiments, one or more or all of the bending tools (such as bending tools 74, 76, 78) provided with the delivery apparatus of the present disclosure may have a roll-type configuration, such as a drum rotatably supported by a rod. In some embodiments, a rolling type bending tool may be combined with a lower heat induction design to facilitate the above-mentioned low thermal gradient driven deformation. For example, a roll-type bending tool may include or include an aluminum material at least at a surface intended to interface with the traveling glass ribbon 22; suitable aluminum bodies (tubes, rods, etc.) are readily available and can handle high temperatures. Other non-limiting examples of materials useful for roll-type bending tools include high strength porcelain (e.g., silicon carbide).

In some embodiments, one or more or all of the bending tools provided with the transport apparatus of the present disclosure are configured to address potential heat transfer issues by providing forced circulation around high thermal conductivity materials. These selective configurations may help to mitigate thermal gradients and reduce the residual stress (in-plane composition) level. For example, these bending tools may be configured to cause glass ribbon 22 to travel over a highly permeable body that in turn creates an inversion of the curvature. In related embodiments, one or more or all of these bending tools may be configured to provide heat transfer from both major faces 110, 112 of the glass ribbon 22 to enhance the overall effect.

In some embodiments, a self-aligning mechanism may be incorporated with one or more or all of the bending tools provided with the delivery apparatus of the present disclosure (such as one or more or all of bending tools 74, 76, 78). As a point of reference, it is beneficial to have the bending tools aligned with the primary direction of travel of the glass ribbon 22 in proper alignment to avoid the occurrence of compressive/tensile forces on the glass ribbon 22, which in turn may drive out-of-plane deformation. The self-aligning mechanism may take various forms suitable for maintaining alignment with the primary in-travel direction. For example, a device providing an upstream axis of rotation orthogonal to the plane of glass ribbon 22 can be linked to the bending tool; with this configuration, the downstream pulling force (applied by the pulling device 72) creates momentum (e.g., similar to a wind vane) that aligns the assembly.

In some embodiments, one or more or all of the bending tools provided with the conveying apparatus of the present disclosure (such as one or more or all of bending tools 74, 76, 78) may be configured to provide positional adjustability (vertically and/or horizontally) relative to conveyor system 70 and, in particular, relative to main travel plane P. As a point of reference, in the case of bending a high viscosity glass ribbon 22, the relative positions of two successive bending tools along the travel path may need to be controlled within tight tolerances (e.g., within 100 microns over a 100mm distance). The spacing between two successive bending tools may be greater than about 50mm (along the ribbon travel path) in some embodiments; at shorter distances, minor misalignments between successive bending tools may produce significant out-of-plane stresses and/or instabilities. Further, parallelism in the glass ribbon between successive bending tools may be beneficial to produce a consistent bend radius across the width of glass ribbon 22. It is contemplated that the bending tool may be supported relative to conveyor device 70 by a frame (not shown) or other structure that allows for vertical and/or horizontal adjustment. In related embodiments, a suitable actuator (e.g., pneumatic, mechanical, electronic, etc.) may be coupled or connected to the bending tool, the operation of which is controlled by a controller (e.g., PLC). With these and other embodiments, the position of one or more of the bending tools may be automatically adjusted prior to or during the glass ribbon manufacturing operation. For example, conditions during initial startup of the system 20 (e.g., warm-up and glass ribbon initialization or threading) are not necessarily compatible with the bending tool position required during normal manufacturing; in these and other cases, automated reset positions of one or more of the bending tools may be provided. Similarly, different glass ribbon properties and/or manufacturing requirements may involve different bending tool positions; automated reset positions of one or more of the bending tools may be provided (e.g., in response to manufacturing constraints entered at the operator).

An exemplary bending tool assembly 150 in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure and useful with a floor-based transport unit of the present disclosure, such as floor-based transport unit 32 (fig. 1), is shown in fig. 4. Bending tool assembly 150 includes an upstream bending tool 160, a downstream bending tool 162, an upstream support unit 164 (generally), a downstream support unit 166 (generally), and a base unit 168. Details on the components are provided below. Generally, bending tool assembly 150 may be mounted relative to a conveyor device, such as conveyor device 70 (fig. 1) described above, positioning bending tools 160, 162 upstream of a pulling device, such as pulling device 72 (fig. 1). Bending tools 160, 162 are configured and positioned to interface with a continuously conveyed glass ribbon (not shown) in a manner that reduces warpage or improves flatness. Upstream support unit 164 fixes upstream bending tool 160 relative to base unit 168, while in some embodiments allowing selective positioning of upstream bending tool 160 relative to the conveyor device, and in particular relative to a main plane of travel of the conveyor device, such as main plane of travel P (fig. 1) described above. Downstream support unit 164 similarly secures downstream bending tool 162 in some embodiments.

Bending tools 160, 162 may each take any of the forms described throughout this disclosure, and in some embodiments is (or includes) a cylindrical rod 180 (identified for upstream bending tool 160). One or both bending tools 160, 162 may include a roller that incorporates a rolling feature (e.g., bearing 182, one of which is identified in fig. 4) that provides rotation of rod 180 about its central axis (in the case of mounting to corresponding upstream and downstream support units 164, 166, as described below). Optionally, one or both of bending tools 160, 162 may further include a heat shield 184 (one of which is identified in fig. 4) mounted to rod 180 configured to protect a corresponding one of the rolling features (e.g., in bearing 182) from thermal radiation from the glass ribbon (not shown). One or both of bending tools 160, 162 may have other configurations with or without those depicted in fig. 4, and may or may not have a roller-type form.

The upstream support unit 164 includes opposing first and second upstream support bodies 190, 192. In some embodiments, the upstream support bodies 190, 192 may be identical and are generally each configured to support an end region of the upstream bending tool 160 (e.g., the cylindrical shaft 180 of the upstream bending tool 160) and establish a spatial position of the upstream bending tool 160 relative to the base unit 168. Fig. 5 depicts a portion of the first upstream support body 190 in more detail. The upstream support body 190 forms or defines a tool receiving slot 194 and a guide slot 196. The size and shape of the tool receiving slot 194 corresponds to features of the upstream bending tool 160 to allow for selective assembly or installation of the upstream bending tool 160 to the upstream support body 190. For example, the tool receiving slot 194 may be sized and shaped to correspond to the size and shape of the bearing 182 carried by the rod 180 such that the bearing 182 nests (nest) within the slot 194 in the installed state of fig. 5. Further, upstream bending tool 160 may include one or more additional components that selectively maintain or lock bearing 182 relative to support body 190 in an installed state, such as a collar 200 and a spring 202 or similar component that biases collar 200 into engagement with support body 190. With this configuration, the upstream bending tool 160 may be selectively secured to and removed from the first upstream support body 190 (and also the second upstream support body 192 (fig. 4)). Other mounting configurations are also acceptable and do not necessarily provide for removable assembly of upstream bending tool 160 to upstream support unit 164 (fig. 4).

A guide channel 196 is included in some alternative embodiments and is generally configured to facilitate the movable connection between the first upstream support body 190 and the base unit 168. For example, in some embodiments, the guide slots 196 are sized and shaped to slidably receive fasteners 210 included with the base unit 168. With this optional configuration, the fasteners 210 may be loosened to allow the support body 190 (and thus the upstream bending tool 160 carried thereby) to be raised or lowered relative to the base unit 168; once the support body 190 is in the desired vertical position, the fasteners 210 may be tightened to secure the support body 190 relative to the base unit 168. In this regard, the support body 190 may form or carry an indicator 212 (e.g., a groove) that is responsible for correlating or identifying the vertical position of the support body 190 relative to a measuring scale or other indicia included with the base unit 168, as described in more detail below. The first upstream support body 190 (and base unit 168) may incorporate other mounting arrangements, which may or may not include a guide channel 196.

Returning to fig. 4, the downstream support unit 166 may be constructed similarly to (such as identical to) the upstream support unit 164 described above, including, for example, opposing first and second downstream support bodies 220, 222. In some embodiments, downstream support bodies 220, 222 are configured to establish a more permanent connection or assembly of downstream bending tool 162. For example, in some embodiments, downstream bending tool 162 may not be easily removable from downstream support unit 166.

The base unit 168 can include a plate 230 (opposite first and second side legs 232, 234) and a frame 236 (generally). The side legs 232, 234 may be identical in size and shape and are attached to and extend from opposite ends of the plate 230. The frame 236 includes opposing first and second beams 240, 242, and optionally also opposing first and second arms 244, 246. The cross beams 240, 242 are movably connected to a corresponding one of the side legs 232, 234 and to a corresponding one of the support bodies 190, 192 or 220, 222 included with the upstream and downstream support units 164, 166. Arms 244, 246 extend between the beams 240, 242 and interconnect the beams 240, 242. Under this configuration, plate 230 provides a strong structure for mounting bending tool assembly 150 relative to the floor-based transport unit such that plate 230 and legs 232, 234 remain fixed. Each of the cross-beams 240, 242 is selectively movable relative to the corresponding leg 232, 234 to raise or lower a corresponding end of the upstream and downstream support units 164, 166 (and thus also the end of the corresponding upstream and downstream bending tools 160, 162 carried thereby) together relative to the plate 230. Further, the ends of each of the upstream and downstream bending tools 160, 162 may be individually raised or lowered relative to the plate 230 via movement of the corresponding support bodies 190, 192, 220, 222 relative to the corresponding cross beams 240, 242.

The interconnection between the support units 164, 166 and the base unit 168 is further depicted in fig. 6A. The first upstream support body 190 is selectively coupled to the first beam 240 by fasteners 210 (the fasteners 210 are instead slidably received in the guide slots 196) such that the first upstream support body 190 (and thus the end of the upstream bending tool 160 carried thereby) can be raised and lowered relative to the first beam 240. An upstream measuring scale or measuring tool 250 may be attached to the first cross-beam 240 proximate the first upstream support body 190 and may include incremental markings (e.g., numbers, hash marks, etc.). The relationship between the indicator 212 of the first upstream support body 190 and the markings included on the measuring tape 250 may indicate the vertical position of the end of the upstream bending tool 160 carried by the first upstream support body 190 relative to the first cross beam 240 and/or relative to the plate 230. For example, in the arrangement of fig. 6B, the first upstream support body 190 has been vertically elevated relative to the first cross beam 240 (compared to the position of fig. 6A). Such a change in position may be visually indicated to the user by the indicator 212 and the measuring tape 250; in the position of FIG. 6A, the indicator 212 is aligned with a first marking (i.e., "30") along the measuring tape 250, while in the position of FIG. 6B, the indicator 212 is aligned with a different marking (i.e., at a marking between "30" and "40"; approaching "38") along the measuring tape 250. Other scalar type marking mechanisms may alternatively be used.

Referring between fig. 5 and 6A, the first downstream support body 220 may similarly define a channel 252 and may be selectively coupled to the first cross-beam 240 by a fastener 254, the fastener 254 being slidably received within the channel 252. Thus, the first downstream support body 220 (and the end of the downstream bending tool 162 it carries) can be raised or lowered relative to the first cross beam 240. A downstream measuring tape or measuring tool 256 may be attached to the first cross member 240 proximate the first downstream support body 220; the relationship between the indicator 258 formed on the first downstream support body 220 (or carried by the first downstream support body 220) relative to the measurement-related information included on the downstream scale 256 may indicate the vertical position of the end of the downstream bending tool 162 carried by the first downstream support body 220 relative to the first cross beam 240 and/or relative to the plate 230. For example, a comparison of fig. 6A and 6B shows that in the arrangement of fig. 6B, the first downstream support body 220 has been lowered vertically relative to the first cross member 240 (compared to the position of fig. 6A). This change in position may be indicated to the user by the indicator 258 and the downstream measuring tape 256; in the position of FIG. 6A, the indicator 258 is aligned with a first mark along the downstream scale 256 (i.e., between "10" and "20"; toward "13"), while in the position of FIG. 6B, the indicator 258 is aligned with a different mark along the downstream scale 256 (i.e., at the mark under "10"; toward "8").

In some embodiments, the upstream and downstream gauges 250, 256 may carry or display the same measurement-related indicia, and may be horizontally aligned with each other along the first beam 240. For example, as shown in fig. 6A, the marker "30" on the upstream scale 250 may be horizontally aligned with the marker "30" on the downstream scale 256. In this alternative configuration, the user may more easily understand and select the desired vertical spacing between upstream and downstream bending tools 160, 162. For example, when the weigh scales 250, 256 have markings that are incremented in millimeters and a user wishes to have a vertical spacing of 20mm between the upstream and downstream bending tools 160, 162, the indicator 212 of the first upstream support 190 may be aligned with a "30" on the upstream scale 250 and the indicator 258 may be aligned with a "10" on the downstream scale 256.

In some embodiments, the first beam 240 may be selectively coupled to the first side leg 232. For example, the first side leg 232 may form one or more guide slots 260, each sized to slidably receive a fastener 262, which in turn is attached to the first beam 240. With this exemplary configuration, the first beam 240 (and thus also the upstream and downstream bending tools 160, 162 via the support bodies 190, 220) may be raised and lowered relative to the first side foot 232 (and thus also relative to the plate 230). A midstream measuring tape or tool 264 may be attached to the first side leg 232 proximate to one of the guide slots 260; the relationship between the indicator 266 formed on the first beam 240 (or carried by the first beam 240) relative to the measurement-related information included on the measuring tape 264 may indicate the vertical position of the first beam 240 (and thus also the bending tools 160, 162) relative to the plate 230.

Returning to fig. 4, the second upstream support body 192 and the second downstream support body 222 may be selectively coupled to the second cross beam 242 as described above. With these alternative assembly configurations, the first bending tool 160 may be vertically raised and lowered relative to the plate 230 via selective movement of the first and second upstream support bodies 190, 192 relative to the corresponding cross beams 240, 242. In some embodiments, the second upstream support body 192 includes (or carries) an indicator (hidden) similar to or the same as the indicator 212 (fig. 5) of the first upstream support body 190, and the second cross-beam 242 includes (or carries) an upstream gauge 270 similar to or the same as the upstream gauge 250 described above. The vertical position of the second upstream support body indicator along the second upstream support body 192 may be similar or identical to the vertical position of the indicator 212 along the first upstream support body 190; the incremental markings along the upstream scale 270 included with the second beam 242 may be similar or identical to the incremental markings of the upstream scale 250 included with the first beam 240, and the vertical position of the upstream scale 270 on the second beam 242 may be similar or identical to the vertical position of the upstream scale 250 on the first beam 240. With these alternative configurations, the user is provided with a visual indication of the vertical position of the opposite end of the upstream bending tool 160, as indicated by the upstream support bodies 190, 192. For example, if the user wishes to arrange the upstream bending tool 160 so that the central axis of the rod 180 is substantially horizontal and assuming that the plate 230 is mounted horizontally, the first and second upstream support bodies 190, 192 are arranged relative to the corresponding cross-beams 240, 242 so that the indicators 212, 192 of the first and second upstream support bodies 190, 192 can be aligned with the same incremental markings included with the corresponding upstream gauges 250, 270. Further, the user may establish a known deviation from horizontal by arranging the first and second upstream support bodies 190, 192 at selected, different vertical positions relative to the corresponding upstream measuring tapes 250, 270. Similar or identical alignment features may optionally be included in the downstream support unit 166.

In some embodiments, the second beam 242 can be selectively coupled to the second side leg 234 commensurate with the description above for the selective coupling between the first beam 240 and the first side leg 232. Further, the second beam 242 can include or support an indicator (hidden) similar or identical to the indicator 266 (fig. 7A) of the first beam 240, while the second side leg 234 can include or support a midstream scale (hidden) identical to the midstream scale 264 associated with the first side leg 232. With these alternative configurations, upstream and downstream bending tools 160, 162 may be raised and lowered together vertically relative to plate 230 by raising or lowering frame 236 relative to side legs 232, 234. The arms 244, 246 (when included) may serve as handles for manipulating the entirety of the frame 236. Regardless, via the indicator of each cross member 240, 242 (e.g., indicator 266 of first cross member 240) relative to the corresponding midstream scale associated with the corresponding side leg 232, 234 (e.g., midstream scale 264 of first side leg 232), the user may be provided with a visual indication of the vertical alignment of the cross members 240, 242 relative to the corresponding side legs 232, 234. Other mounting arrangements are also acceptable that may or may not facilitate the vertical movement of the upstream and downstream bending tools 160, 162 together.

Bending tool assembly 150 may optionally include one or more additional components or features. For example, in some embodiments bending tool assembly 150 may be automated or mechanized such that one or more of the adjustments or measurements described above are performed remotely via a controller (e.g., a programmable logic controller) or computer interface.

Fig. 7 illustrates in simplified form an embodiment of a conveyor apparatus 32' that processes the glass ribbon 22 according to the principles of the present disclosure. Conveyor apparatus 32' includes conveyor device 70 and pulling device 72 as described above, as well as bending tool assembly 150. Commensurate with the previous explanation, the conveyor device 70 establishes a main travel plane P from the upstream side 40 to the downstream side 42. Bending tool assembly 150 is arranged between upstream side 40 and downstream side 42, with upstream bending tool 160 being upstream of downstream bending tool 162. Bending tool assembly 150 establishes a travel path that is deflected from autonomous plane of travel P, including travel of glass ribbon 22 on upstream bending tool 160 (and in contact with upstream bending tool 160) and under downstream bending tool 162 (and in contact with downstream bending tool 162). As glass ribbon 22 is caused to bend at upstream bending tool 160, the corresponding bending stress causes removal of the warp as described above. In some embodiments, the upstream and downstream bending tools 160, 162 are positioned to interface with the glass ribbon 22 at a point where a higher viscosity is desired for the glass ribbon 22 (e.g., the desired viscosity of the glass ribbon 22 at the point of interfacing with the upstream bending tool 160 is greater than would be required to bend the glass ribbon 22 around the upstream bending tool 160 purely due to gravity). As a reference point, the threading of the glass ribbon 22 to the conveyance device 30' may include: the upstream bending tool 160 is removed from the upstream support unit 164, the glass ribbon 22 is pulled by the conveyance device 30', and then the upstream bending tool 160 is installed to the upstream support unit 164 (to the travel path of fig. 7). In other embodiments, upstream bending tool 160 may be more permanently mounted to upstream support unit 164.

Returning to fig. 1, the systems, conveying apparatuses, and methods of the present disclosure may incorporate one or more additional features that assist in reducing warpage. For example, the conveyor device 70 can include a table or plate having a planar surface in the primary travel plane P protruding from the upstream side 40 and intended to provide the desired heat transfer to the glass ribbon 22. In some embodiments, the conveyance device 32 may include one or more suspension rods or similar structures (e.g., graphite rods) positioned to prevent the glass ribbon 22 from contacting the flat surface of the table. It has been surprisingly found that by avoiding contact between the running glass ribbon 22 and the elongated flat surface, the occurrence of macroscopic longitudinal waves (e.g., deviations in flatness of greater than 3mm extending over the length of the glass ribbon 22) that may result from lengthy contact with the cold surface is reduced. In a related embodiment, the support or air table may be formed of Zircar ceramic (rather than graphite) to provide low emissivity and low thermal conductivity properties. Alternatively or additionally, the warp at the edges of glass ribbon 22 can be reduced by reverse bending glass ribbon 22 on rods arranged perpendicular to the ribbon travel path, providing a catenary line adjacent to the hanger bar of upstream side 40 that drives the bending and flattening of glass ribbon 22, and/or providing one or more additional pinch/flattening rollers that provide line contact of roller-on-rollers (roll-on-rolls) to generate high regional bending pressure.

Advantages of embodiments and features of the present disclosure are further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples, but the particular materials and amounts thereof recited in these examples (as well as other conditions and details) should not be construed to unduly limit the scope of this disclosure.