阅读说明：本技术 一种基于压电驱动的自动跟踪太阳能收集装置 (Automatic tracking solar energy collection device based on piezoelectric drive ) 是由 运侠伦 庞哲凯 梅雪松 姜歌东 于 2020-05-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种基于压电驱动的自动跟踪太阳能收集装置,包括结构支架,结构支架下方连接有三角支撑机构,结构支架上方连接有太阳能收集板和太阳方位测定盘,太阳方位测定盘的信号输出传输给三个对顶式直线型压电驱动调姿机构,通过对顶式直线型压电驱动调姿机构调整太阳能收集板和太阳对准；本发明具有更高跟踪精度、更高转换效率的优点。(An automatic tracking solar energy collecting device based on piezoelectric drive comprises a structural support, a triangular support mechanism is connected below the structural support, a solar energy collecting plate and a solar direction measuring disc are connected above the structural support, the signal output of the solar direction measuring disc is transmitted to three opposite-top linear piezoelectric drive posture adjusting mechanisms, and the solar energy collecting plate is adjusted to be aligned with the sun through the opposite-top linear piezoelectric drive posture adjusting mechanisms; the invention has the advantages of higher tracking precision and higher conversion efficiency.)

1. An automatic tracking solar energy collection device based on piezoelectric drive, includes structural support (13), its characterized in that: a triangular support mechanism is connected below the structural support (13), a solar collecting plate (1) and a solar azimuth measuring disc are connected above the structural support (13), the signal output of the solar azimuth measuring disc is transmitted to the three opposite-top linear piezoelectric driving posture adjusting mechanisms, and the solar collecting plate (1) is adjusted to be aligned with the sun through the opposite-top linear piezoelectric driving posture adjusting mechanisms;

the structure support (13) comprises a support disc (C3), a bottom column (C4) is connected to the center of the lower portion of the support disc (C3), three hinges (C5) are uniformly distributed below the support disc (C3), the center of the upper portion of the support disc (C3) is connected with the lower end of a connecting upright column (C2), the upper end of the connecting upright column (C2) is connected with a main upright column (C1), the side face of the connecting upright column (C2) is connected with the lower end of a right-angle connecting column (C6), the upper end of the right-angle connecting column (C6) is connected with a measuring upright column (C7), the right-angle connecting column (C6) and the connecting upright column (C2) are hollow columns, and cables and controller positions are;

the top end of a main upright post (C1) of the structural support (13) is connected with the center of the back of the solar collecting plate (1) through a large ball hinge (14), small ball hinges (2) arranged at three corners on the back of the solar collecting plate (1) are connected with three opposite-top linear piezoelectric driving posture adjusting mechanisms with pulleys and piezoelectric drivers (11) through steel wire ropes (3), the piezoelectric drivers (11) with the pulleys and the piezoelectric drivers (10) without the pulleys are connected through a stroke rod (12), an adjustable slide block (4) is arranged on the stroke rod (12), and a friction plate (5) coaxially connected with the stroke rod (12) is arranged between the adjustable slide block (4) and the stroke rod (12);

the solar azimuth measuring disc is characterized in that an identification disc (15) is installed on a measuring upright post (C7) of the structural support (13), a measuring standard post (17) is coaxially connected to the identification disc (15), an identification disc end cover (16) is arranged on the identification disc (15), and the identification disc (15), the identification disc end cover (16) and the measuring standard post (17) form the solar azimuth measuring disc.

2. An automatic tracking solar energy collection device based on piezoelectric drive according to claim 1, characterized in that: the opposite vertex type linear piezoelectric driving posture adjusting mechanism comprises a piezoelectric driver (11) with a pulley and a piezoelectric driver (10) without the pulley, wherein the piezoelectric driver (11) with the pulley comprises a driver front end (A5), four piezoelectric sheets (A6) and a driver rear end (A7) which are connected through bolts, the driver front end (A5) is fixed on the inner wall of a driver shell (A4) through bolts, and the driver rear end (A7) is connected with a driver end cover (A1) through bolts; the top of the driver shell (A4) is connected with a pulley bracket (A3), and a pulley (A2) is arranged on the pulley bracket (A3);

the internal structures of the driver shell (A4) without the pulley piezoelectric driver (10) and the driver shell (A4) with the pulley piezoelectric driver (11) are the same, except that the pulley bracket (A3) and the pulley (A2) are not arranged at the top of the driver shell (A4).

3. An automatic tracking solar energy collection device based on piezoelectric drive according to claim 1, characterized in that: four circles of circumferentially twelve-uniform photosensitive sensors (B1) are distributed on the surface of the identification disc (15), and the material of the end cover (16) of the identification disc is a light-transmitting material.

4. An automatic tracking solar energy collection device based on piezoelectric drive according to claim 1, characterized in that: triangular supports mechanism include three closed angle support column (8), closed angle support column (8) bottom closed angle end stands in the holding surface, closed angle support column (8) top is connected with hinge (C5) of structure support (13), be connected with sliding sleeve (9) on sill pillar (C4) of structure support (13), hinged joint is passed through to connecting rod (6) one end of sliding sleeve (9) and three equipartitions, connecting rod (6) other end links to each other with sleeve (7) of fixing on closed angle support column (8).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of solar power generation, in particular to an automatic tracking solar energy collecting device based on piezoelectric driving.

Background

Along with the development of modern industry, the demand of human beings on energy is higher and higher, the traditional energy sources such as petroleum, coal and other fossil fuels have limited storage capacity, and serious environmental pollution can be caused in the using process, so that the development of green energy sources has important epoch significance. Solar energy is one of the most common green energy sources, and the energy source has the advantages of unlimited reserve capacity, universality, cleanness and the like. However, since solar energy is a low-density, intermittent, and spatially distributed energy source, the collection of solar energy has been maximized as a research focus and hot spot. At present, a large part of solar equipment such as a solar water heater, a solar battery and the like exist in the market, but the solar utilization rate of the products is not high, so that the improvement of the solar utilization rate plays a very key role in the development of solar energy.

In order to improve the solar energy utilization rate, the solar energy collecting device which automatically tracks the sun direction gradually replaces the solar energy collecting device with a fixed angle. The general automatic tracking device has single-axis tracking, the mode is that single-axis rotation tracks the north-south direction or the east-west direction, although the structure is simple, the position and pose of the device is adjusted according to the solar azimuth change calculated in advance, so the calculation methods are different in different longitude and latitude areas, and simultaneously, the single-axis tracking is adopted, and the solar utilization efficiency is not high; the other common method is dual-axis tracking, which can adapt to the change of the sun azimuth in different seasons in different regions compared with single axis tracking, but has more complex structure, and the driving device for adjusting the position and posture of the device is greatly interfered by the environment and has large precision fluctuation. Compared with the traditional motor driving mode, the piezoelectric driving mode has the advantages of simple structure, no other speed reducing mechanism, high response speed, high precision and strong anti-interference performance, and is widely applied to high-precision and complex environment application occasions.

Another key to the study of automatically tracking solar energy collection devices is the identification of the sun's azimuth, i.e., how to adjust the device to maximize conversion efficiency. Several methods are currently common: the device is of a clock type, namely the adjusting speed and angle of the motor are preset according to the running time of the local sun in the air, the control method of the device is simple, but the device has the defects of insufficient tracking precision and poor adaptability. The pressure difference type solar tracking method is characterized in that the pressure difference is generated by the fact that air is irradiated differently, the sun azimuth angle is judged, and a tracking signal is calculated. The method is of a photoelectric type, the position of the sun light is measured by using a photosensitive sensor or an image sensor, so that a tracking signal is calculated, the full tracking of the height and the azimuth angle of the sun can be realized, and the method is widely used due to the advantages of high control precision, easiness in realization and the like.

No relevant literature on the automatic tracking solar energy collecting device based on piezoelectric driving is published at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an automatic tracking solar energy collecting device based on piezoelectric driving, which has the advantages of higher tracking precision and higher conversion efficiency.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

an automatic tracking solar energy collecting device based on piezoelectric drive comprises a structural support 13, a triangular support mechanism is connected below the structural support 13, a solar energy collecting plate 1 and a solar direction measuring disc are connected above the structural support 13, the signal output of the solar direction measuring disc is transmitted to three opposite-top linear piezoelectric drive posture adjusting mechanisms, and the solar energy collecting plate 1 is adjusted to be aligned with the sun through the opposite-top linear piezoelectric drive posture adjusting mechanisms;

the structure support 13 comprises a support disc C3, a bottom column C4 is connected to the center of the lower portion of a support disc C3, three hinges C5 are uniformly distributed below the support disc C3, the center of the upper portion of the support disc C3 is connected with the lower end of a connecting upright column C2, the upper end of the connecting upright column C2 is connected with a main upright column C1, the side face of a connecting upright column C2 is connected with the lower end of a right-angle connecting column C6, the upper end of the right-angle connecting column C6 is connected with a measuring upright column C7, the right-angle connecting column C6 and the connecting upright column C2 are hollow columns, and cables;

the top end of a main upright post C1 of the structural support 13 is connected with the center of the back of the solar collecting plate 1 through a large ball hinge 14, small ball hinges 2 arranged at three corners on the back of the solar collecting plate 1 are connected with pulley piezoelectric drivers 11 of three opposite-top linear piezoelectric driving posture adjusting mechanisms through steel wire ropes 3, each pulley piezoelectric driver 11 is connected with one pulley-free piezoelectric driver 10 through a stroke rod 12, an adjustable slide block 4 is arranged on the stroke rod 12, and a friction plate 5 coaxially connected with the stroke rod 12 is arranged between the adjustable slide block 4 and the stroke rod 12;

the measuring column C7 of the structural support 13 is provided with an identification disc 15, the identification disc 15 is coaxially connected with a measuring standard column 17, an identification disc end cover 16 is arranged on the identification disc 15, and the identification disc 15, the identification disc end cover 16 and the measuring standard column 17 form a sun direction measuring disc.

The opposite vertex type linear piezoelectric driving posture adjusting mechanism comprises a piezoelectric driver 11 with a pulley and a piezoelectric driver 10 without the pulley, wherein the piezoelectric driver 11 with the pulley comprises a driver front end A5, four piezoelectric sheets A6 and a driver rear end A7 which are connected through bolts, the driver front end A5 is fixed on the inner wall of a driver shell A4 through bolts, and the driver rear end A7 is connected with a driver end cover A1 through bolts; the top of the driver shell A4 is connected with a pulley bracket A3, and a pulley A2 is arranged on the pulley bracket A3;

the internal structure of the driver housing A4 without pulley piezoelectric driver 10 and with pulley piezoelectric driver 11 is the same, except that no pulley support A3 and pulley A2 are mounted on the top of the driver housing A4.

Four circles of circumferentially twelve-equally-divided photosensitive sensors B1 are distributed on the surface of the identification disc 15, and the identification disc end cover 16 is made of a light-transmitting material.

Triangular supports mechanism include three closed angle support column 8, 8 bottom closed angle ends of closed angle support column stand in the holding surface, 8 tops of closed angle support column are connected with structural support 13's hinge C5, be connected with sliding sleeve 9 on structural support 13's the sill pillar C4, hinged joint is passed through to sliding sleeve 9 and the 6 one end of connecting rod of three equipartitions, the 6 other end of connecting rod links to each other with sleeve 7 of fixing on closed angle support column 8.

Compared with the existing automatic tracking solar energy collecting device, the solar energy collecting device has the following advantages:

1. the three-degree-of-freedom parallel type adjusting mechanism is adopted, azimuth angles are adjusted through the three steel wire ropes fixed on the solar collecting plate, the structure is simple, the tracking range is large, and all-dimensional tracking can be achieved.

2. The invention adopts a pair of top linear piezoelectric driving mechanisms, through the excitation of external voltage to piezoelectric materials, by utilizing the inverse piezoelectric effect, the piezoelectric sheet generates longitudinal traveling waves and transverse traveling waves, and the adjustable slide block with adjusted precompression does linear motion in the direction opposite to the advancing direction of the traveling waves under the action of friction force, thereby driving the steel wire rope for adjusting the solar energy collecting plate to move. The piezoelectric material has strong anti-interference performance, so the whole device is not easily interfered by the environment, and the piezoelectric driving middle transmission links are few, so the whole device has high response speed. Because the driving force of the movement is friction force, the whole device is cut off power and self-locked, and the positioning is accurate.

3. The invention utilizes the projection principle, is designed with the measuring standard column similar to a sundial, and identifies the shadow of the measuring standard column through the four circles of photosensitive sensors which are axially equally divided, thereby more accurately measuring the height and the direction of the sun.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a structural brace 13 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the pulley-equipped piezoelectric actuator 11 and the pulley-less piezoelectric actuator 10 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the identification disc 15 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the automatic tracking solar energy collecting device based on piezoelectric driving comprises a structural support 13, a triangular support mechanism is connected below the structural support 13, a solar energy collecting plate 1 and a solar azimuth measuring disc are connected above the structural support 13, the signal output of the solar azimuth measuring disc is transmitted to three opposite-top linear piezoelectric driving posture adjusting mechanisms, and the solar energy collecting plate 1 is adjusted to be aligned with the sun through the opposite-top linear piezoelectric driving posture adjusting mechanisms;

the structure support 13 comprises a support disc C3, a bottom column C4 is connected to the center of the lower portion of a support disc C3, 3 hinges C5 are uniformly distributed below the support disc C3, the center of the upper portion of a support disc C3 is connected with the lower end of a connecting upright column C2, the upper end of the connecting upright column C2 is connected with a main upright column C1, the side face of a connecting upright column C2 is connected with the lower end of a right-angle connecting column C6, the upper end of the right-angle connecting column C6 is connected with a measuring upright column C7, the right-angle connecting column C6 and the connecting upright column C2 are hollow columns, and cables and;

the top end of a main upright C1 of the structural support 13 is connected with the center of the back of the solar collecting plate 1 through a large ball hinge 14, and small ball hinges 2 arranged at three corners on the back of the solar collecting plate 1 are connected with pulley piezoelectric drivers 11 of three opposite-top linear piezoelectric driving posture adjusting mechanisms through steel wire ropes 3; each piezoelectric driver 11 with the pulley is connected with one piezoelectric driver 10 without the pulley through a stroke rod 12, an adjustable slide block 4 is arranged on the stroke rod 12, a friction plate 5 coaxially connected with the stroke rod 12 is arranged between the adjustable slide block 4 and the stroke rod 12, the friction plate 5 is fixed on the inner wall of the adjustable slide block 4, and the adjustable slide block 4 is pre-stressed and adjusted through a bolt so as to meet the functional requirement of normal linear operation of the adjustable slide block 4;

the measuring column C7 of the structural support 13 is provided with an identification disc 15, the identification disc 15 is coaxially connected with a measuring standard column 17, an identification disc end cover 16 is arranged on the identification disc 15, and the identification disc 15, the identification disc end cover 16 and the measuring standard column 17 form a sun direction measuring disc.

The triangular support mechanism comprises three sharp-angle support columns 8, the sharp-angle end at the bottom of each sharp-angle support column 8 is erected on a support surface, the top ends of the sharp-angle support columns 8 are connected with a hinge C5 of a structural support 13, a bottom column C4 of the structural support 13 is connected with a sliding sleeve 9, the sliding sleeve 9 is connected with one ends of three uniformly distributed connecting rods 6 through hinges, the other ends of the connecting rods 6 are connected with sleeves 7 fixed on the sharp-angle support columns 8, and the three sleeves 7 are identical in height on the three sharp-angle support columns 8 so as to ensure that the structural; during the opening and closing process of the connecting rod 6, the sliding sleeve 9 moves linearly on the bottom pillar C4, and the length of the bottom pillar C4 is designed as the movement stroke of the sliding sleeve 9.

Referring to fig. 3, the opposite vertex type linear piezoelectric driving posture adjustment mechanism comprises a piezoelectric driver 11 with a pulley and a piezoelectric driver 10 without the pulley, wherein the piezoelectric driver 11 with the pulley comprises a driver front end a5, four piezoelectric sheets a6 and a driver rear end a7 which are connected through bolts, the driver front end a5 is fixed on the inner wall of a driver shell a4 through bolts, and the driver rear end a7 is connected with a driver end cover a1 through bolts; the top of the driver shell A4 is connected with a pulley bracket A3, and a pulley A2 is arranged on the pulley bracket A3;

the internal structures of the driver shell A4 without the pulley piezoelectric driver 10 and the driver shell A4 with the pulley piezoelectric driver 11 are the same, except that the pulley bracket A3 and the pulley A2 are not arranged at the top of the driver shell A4;

in operation, the signal obtained by the sun azimuth measuring disk applies corresponding voltage excitation to the piezoelectric sheet A6 to provide a longitudinal traveling wave which generates friction force to drive the adjustable slide block 4 to act, and the piezoelectric driver without pulley 10 is used for absorbing the longitudinal traveling wave generated by the piezoelectric driver with pulley 11.

Referring to fig. 4, four circles of circumferentially twelve equally-divided photosensitive sensors B1 are distributed on the surface of the identification disc 15, the identification disc end cover 16 is made of a light-transmitting material, and under the irradiation of sunlight, the measuring standard column 17 is projected on the photosensitive sensor B1 on the identification disc 15, so that the height and the direction of the sun are measured.

The working principle of the invention is as follows:

under the stable support of the triangular support mechanism, the height and the orientation of the sun are judged according to the projection of the measuring standard column 17 on the identification disc 15, a corresponding tracking signal is given, after the piezoelectric driver 12 with the pulley receives the tracking signal, a longitudinal traveling wave is generated by utilizing the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric sheet A6, and the longitudinal traveling wave is formed on the travel rod 12 through the conduction of the rear end A7 of the driver, due to the existence of the friction sheet 5, the adjustable slide block 4 makes a linear motion opposite to the advancing direction of the longitudinal traveling wave, the steel wire rope 3 fixed on the adjustable slide block 4 is driven, three pairs of opposite-top linear piezoelectric driving posture adjusting mechanisms make corresponding responses through the position calculated in advance, so that the ideal position is approached, the automatic tracking of the solar ray is realized, and the solar energy conversion efficiency is achieved.