Complete equipment for organizing inorganic fertilizer
阅读说明：本技术 一种无机化肥有机化的成套装置 (Complete equipment for organizing inorganic fertilizer ) 是由 刘文治 于 2020-04-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种无机化肥有机化的成套设备,包括三个化学水解罐、三个离心分离器、微量元素螯合反应罐、固氨及钾反应罐、固磷反应罐、电脑配料机、多效真空蒸发浓缩罐、稳定化罐、喷雾干燥机、三个热泵加热器和控制柜。本发明将有机废物进行三次化学催化水解,分别形成小分子氨基酸、肽类、糖类、有机酸类、甘油类、黄腐酸类分别同无机化肥的微量元素肥进行螯合反应,再分别同大量元素、氮、磷、钾肥进行固化反应,将全部化肥有机化,制成有机化肥复合水溶肥的液肥和固肥,明显提高了农作物产量和肥料养分的利用率,减少氮肥的流失和磷、钾肥的土壤固定,增加土壤活性,避免了化学残留污染,提高了农产品品质。(The invention discloses complete equipment for organizing inorganic fertilizers, which comprises three chemical hydrolysis tanks, three centrifugal separators, a trace element chelation reaction tank, an ammonia and potassium fixing reaction tank, a phosphorus fixing reaction tank, a computer dosing machine, a multi-effect vacuum evaporation concentration tank, a stabilization tank, a spray dryer, three heat pump heaters and a control cabinet. The invention carries out three times of chemical catalytic hydrolysis on organic wastes to respectively form micromolecular amino acids, peptides, saccharides, organic acids, glycerins and fulvic acids, which are respectively subjected to chelation reaction with trace element fertilizers of inorganic fertilizers and then are respectively subjected to curing reaction with major elements, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to organically combine all the fertilizers to prepare the liquid fertilizers and the solid fertilizers of the organic fertilizer composite water-soluble fertilizers, thereby obviously improving the crop yield and the utilization rate of fertilizer nutrients, reducing the loss of nitrogen fertilizers and the soil fixation of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, increasing the soil activity, avoiding chemical residual pollution and improving the quality of agricultural products.)
1. A complete set of inorganic fertilizer organic equipment is characterized by comprising a first chemical hydrolysis tank, a second chemical hydrolysis tank, a third chemical hydrolysis tank, a first centrifugal separator, a second centrifugal separator, a third centrifugal separator, a trace element chelation reaction tank, an ammonia and potassium fixation reaction tank, a phosphorus fixation reaction tank, a computer dosing machine, a multi-effect vacuum evaporation concentration tank, a stabilization tank, a spray dryer, a metering filling machine, a metering packing machine, a first heat pump heater, a second heat pump heater, a third heat pump heater and a control cabinet;
the first chemical hydrolysis tank is provided with an organic waste feed inlet, a catalyst feed inlet and a discharge outlet, and the first chemical hydrolysis tank is internally provided with a spiral heating pipe;
the first centrifugal separator is provided with a feeding hole, a liquid phase discharging hole and a solid phase discharging hole, and the feeding hole on the first centrifugal separator is connected with the discharging hole on the first chemical hydrolysis tank through a pipeline;
the second chemical hydrolysis tank is provided with a feeding hole and a discharging hole, a spiral heating pipe is arranged in the second chemical hydrolysis tank, the feeding hole in the second chemical hydrolysis tank is connected with the solid-phase discharging hole in the first centrifugal separator through a pipeline, and the inlet of the spiral heating pipe in the second chemical hydrolysis tank is connected with the outlet of the spiral heating pipe in the first chemical hydrolysis tank through a pipeline;
the second centrifugal separator is provided with a feed inlet, a solid phase discharge port and a liquid phase discharge port, and the feed inlet on the second centrifugal separator is connected with the discharge port on the second chemical hydrolysis tank through a pipeline;
the third chemical hydrolysis tank is provided with a feeding hole and a discharging hole, a spiral heating pipe is arranged in the third chemical hydrolysis tank, the feeding hole in the third chemical hydrolysis tank is connected with the solid-phase discharging hole in the second centrifugal separator through a pipeline, and the inlet of the spiral heating pipe in the third chemical hydrolysis tank is connected with the outlet of the spiral heating pipe in the second chemical hydrolysis tank through a pipeline for circulating heating;
the third centrifugal separator is provided with a feed inlet, a solid phase discharge port and a liquid phase discharge port, and the feed inlet on the third centrifugal separator is connected with the discharge port on the third chemical hydrolysis tank through a pipeline; slag discharged from a solid phase discharge port on the third centrifugal separator is sent into a centrifugal slag groove for additional treatment;
the trace element chelation reaction tank is provided with a feeding hole, a discharging hole and a trace element feeding hole, trace elements are added into the trace element chelation reaction tank through the trace element feeding hole, and the feeding hole of the trace element chelation reaction tank is connected with a liquid phase discharging hole on the first centrifugal separator through a pipeline;
the ammonia and potassium fixation reaction tank is provided with a feeding hole, a discharging hole and an ammonia and potassium fertilizer feeding hole, ammonia and potassium fertilizer are added into the ammonia and potassium fixation reaction tank through the ammonia and potassium fertilizer feeding hole, and the feeding hole on the ammonia and potassium fixation reaction tank is connected with the liquid phase discharging hole on the second centrifugal separator through a pipeline;
the phosphorus-fixing reaction tank is provided with a feeding hole, a discharging hole and a phosphate fertilizer feeding hole, phosphate fertilizer is added into the phosphorus-fixing reaction tank through the phosphate fertilizer feeding hole, and the feeding hole on the phosphorus-fixing reaction tank is connected with the liquid-phase discharging hole on the third centrifugal separator through a pipeline;
the first heat pump heater is provided with an inlet and an outlet, the inlet of the first heat pump heater is connected with the outlet of the spiral heating pipe in the third chemical hydrolysis tank through a pipeline, and the outlet of the first heat pump heater is connected with the inlet of the spiral heating pipe in the first chemical hydrolysis tank through a pipeline;
the computer batching machine is provided with a first feeding hole, a second feeding hole, a third feeding hole, an additive feeding hole and a discharging hole, the first feeding hole on the computer batching machine is connected with the discharging hole on the trace element chelation reaction tank through a pipeline, the second feeding hole on the computer batching machine is connected with the discharging hole on the solid ammonia and potassium reaction tank through a pipeline, and the third feeding hole on the computer batching machine is connected with the discharging hole on the solid phosphorus reaction tank through a pipeline; adding additives into the mixture by a computer dosing machine through an additive feeding port;
the multi-effect vacuum evaporation concentration tank is provided with a feed inlet, a discharge outlet, a heat source inlet and a heat source outlet, and the feed inlet on the multi-effect vacuum evaporation concentration tank is connected with the discharge outlet on the computer batching machine; a heat source inlet and a heat source outlet on the multi-effect vacuum evaporation concentration tank are respectively connected with a heat source outlet and a heat source inlet on the second heat pump heater, and the heat source in the multi-effect vacuum evaporation concentration tank is circularly heated by the second heat pump heater;
the stabilizing tank is provided with a feed inlet, a liquid fertilizer discharge port, a solid fertilizer discharge port and a stabilizing agent feed port, stabilizing agent is added into the stabilizing tank through the stabilizing feed port, and the feed inlet on the stabilizing tank is connected with the discharge port on the multi-effect vacuum evaporation and concentration tank; a liquid fertilizer discharge port on the stabilization tank outputs liquid fertilizer to the metering and filling machine for liquid fertilizer filling;
the spray dryer is provided with a feeding hole, a discharging hole, a heat source inlet and a heat source outlet, the feeding hole on the spray dryer is connected with the solid fertilizer discharging hole on the stabilizing tank, and the discharging hole on the spray dryer outputs the solid fertilizer to the metering packaging machine for solid fertilizer packaging; a heat source inlet and a heat source outlet on the spray dryer are respectively connected with a heat source outlet and a heat source inlet on the third heat pump heater, and the heat source in the spray dryer is circularly heated by the third heat pump heater;
the first heat pump heater, the second heat pump heater and the third heat pump heater are in control connection with the control cabinet and controlled by the control cabinet.
2. The inorganic fertilizer organic complete equipment as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an organic waste storage tank, a crusher, a screening trash separator and a sundry tank, wherein the organic waste storage tank is used for storing organic waste and has a discharge port, the discharge port on the organic waste storage tank is connected with the feed port on the crusher, the discharge port on the crusher is connected with the feed port on the screening trash separator, the discharge port on the screening trash separator is connected with the organic waste feed port on the first chemical hydrolysis tank for feeding the organic waste after screening trash into the first chemical hydrolysis tank, the sundry outlet on the screening trash separator is connected with the inlet of the sundry tank, and conveying sundries into the sundry tank for subsequent treatment.
3. The plant as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein a catalyst tank is connected to the catalyst inlet of the first chemical hydrolysis tank; a trace element groove is connected to a trace element feeding port of the trace element chelation reaction tank; an ammonia and potassium fertilizer groove is connected with the ammonia and potassium fertilizer feeding port on the ammonia and potassium fixation reaction tank; and a phosphorus fertilizer groove is connected to a phosphorus fertilizer feeding port on the phosphorus fixation reaction tank.
4. The plant for the organization of inorganic fertilizers according to claim 3, wherein a first centrifugal liquid phase tank is connected in series to the pipe between the liquid phase discharge port of the first centrifugal separator and the feed port of the microelement chelate reaction tank, and a first centrifugal solid phase tank is connected in series to the pipe between the solid phase discharge port of the first centrifugal separator and the feed port of the second chemical hydrolysis tank; a second centrifugal liquid phase groove is connected in series on a pipeline between a liquid phase discharge port on the second centrifugal separator and a feed port on the ammonia and potassium fixing reaction tank; a second centrifugal solid phase groove is connected in series on a pipeline between a solid phase discharge hole on the second centrifugal separator and a feed inlet on the third chemical hydrolysis tank; and a third centrifugal liquid phase groove is connected in series on a pipeline between a liquid phase discharge port on the third centrifugal separator and a feed inlet on the phosphorus fixation reaction tank.
5. The plant as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the control cabinet is programmed to control the first, second and third heat pump heaters to control the reaction temperature, reaction pressure and reaction time of the first, second and third chemical hydrolysis tanks, the concentration temperature and time of the multi-effect vacuum evaporation concentration tank and the temperature and time of the spray dryer.
6. The plant as claimed in claim 5, wherein the trace element chelate reactor, the nitrogen and potassium fixing reactor and the phosphorus fixing reactor are also heated and pressurized by a heat pump heater.
7. The inorganic fertilizer organic plant as claimed in claim 6, wherein all the heat pump heaters are divided into a saturated water heater and an air heat pump heater for heating the saturated water and heating the air for pressurizing, respectively, by a combination of temperature and pressure non-related forms.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of organic and inorganic fertilizers, in particular to the field of novel inorganic fertilizer organized by chemical fertilizers, and particularly relates to a complete set of inorganic fertilizer organized devices.
Background
First, 4.1.2 organic fertilizers in the national standard GB/T32741-2016 Fertilizer and soil conditioner Classification, 4.1.2.1 organic nitrogen fertilizers mainly come from plants or animals, have nitrogen-labeled materials organically combined with carbon, and the materials can contain other elements except phosphorus and potassium.
4.1.2.2, and organically synthesizing the nitrogen fertilizer by combining nitrogen and carbon.
4.1.2.5 organic nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer, besides indicating nitrogen content, also indicating organic fertilizer of phosphorus and potassium content derived from plants or animals, the fertilizer can contain other elements.
4.1.3 organic-inorganic fertilizers, products derived from organic and inorganic substances with indicated nutrients, made by mixing or compounding organic and inorganic fertilizers, having an organic content of at least 10%, total nitrogen, available phosphorus pentoxide, water-soluble potassium oxide being at least the minimum requirements in the corresponding inorganic fertilizer standards.
Second, the current patent status quo of the existing organic nitrogenous fertilizer, organic phosphate fertilizer and organic potash fertilizer
1. The invention has the following patents: an organic nitrogen-fixing fertilizer is prepared from peat humic acid, acrylic acid, ammonium superphosphate and tetramethyl ethylenediamine through cross-linking, adding ammonia water and sodium hydroxide, neutralizing to obtain macromolecular ammonium polyhumate, mixing with fermented seaweed liquid, and granulating. Inorganic ammonia is bound into the majority of the polymeric ammonium humate, and the ammonium percarbonate remains free inorganic ammonia. There is a problem in polymerizing ammonium humate to the late nitrogen. The nitrogen and nutrition application is slow, the polymerized humic acid is not easy to decompose, the process is complex, the components are complex, and the production cost is too high.
2. The invention has the following patents: an organic phosphorus fertilizer and its production method, publication No. CN101088968A, is a composite microbial phosphorus fertilizer, mainly an inorganic phosphorus fertilizer and an amino acid nutrient solution.
Consists of the following components: humic acid 7 kg, water-retaining agent (peat) 10 kg, compound strain 0.7 kg, fermenting for 72 hours. The compound bacteria is compound bacillus, lactobacillus, saccharomycete and other mixed bacteria, and can not convert inorganic phosphate fertilizer into organic phosphate fertilizer. A small amount of inorganic phosphorus is used as a phosphorus source for microbial fermentation and is combined into microbial thalli, or a biological inorganic and organic compound fertilizer which takes an inorganic phosphate fertilizer as a main material and takes amino acid and humic acid as auxiliary materials belongs to the category of compound microbial fertilizers and is not called organic phosphate fertilizer.
3. The invention has the following patents: an organic potash fertilizer and its production method, publication No. CN102219564B, the invention uses potassium hydroxide to hydrolyze apple pomace, the filtrate produces organic potassium, the excessive potassium hydroxide is neutralized with organic acid to produce organic potassium, and then inorganic nitrogen, i.e. urea and ammonium nitrate are added to produce foliage fertilizer. The filter residue is added with urea, phosphorus potassium and calcium superphosphate, and 80% of decomposed livestock and poultry manure is added to prepare the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. By using the organic potassium in the fruit residue hydrolysate, the fruit residue is not hydrolyzed due to the hydrolysis temperature of 100-110 ℃ and the associated pressure, the generated organic potassium fertilizer is low due to the low hydrolysis rate, and the potassium hydroxide price is higher than that of the potassium fertilizer. Or by adding inorganic nitrogen fertilizer and potassium phosphate fertilizer as main components.
And thirdly, the soil is degraded and the quality of agricultural products is reduced due to the simple application of the fertilizer, and the yield is reduced due to insufficient nutrition although the quality of the agricultural products and the soil activation can be improved due to the simple application of the organic fertilizer. Although the application of the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer is superior to the former two, the loss of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and the residual pollution of nitrate and nitrite can not be avoided, and the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced. The soil fixation of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is avoided, and the utilization rate of the current season phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a complete set of inorganic fertilizer organic device aiming at the defects of inorganic fertilizers, and the complete set of inorganic fertilizer organic device is used for organizing the inorganic fertilizers.
The invention relates to a complete set of inorganic fertilizer organic equipment based on the principle that: the organic waste comprises human, livestock and poultry excrement rich in protein, fat, starch, polysaccharide, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, dead bodies of livestock and poultry diseases, food and drink garbage, kitchen garbage, activated sludge, straws of agricultural and forestry crops, leaves and branches, and organic waste for producing industrial products by taking animals and plants as raw materials. Such as slaughtering waste, food waste, furfural residue, xylitol residue, bean dregs, vinegar residue, beer lees and alcohol lees. The inorganic fertilizer is organized by chelating inorganic trace elements with organic acids, fixing ammonia in inorganic nitrogen fertilizer and potassium in inorganic potassium fertilizer with saccharides, organic acids, fatty acids and glycerines formed by the second chemical hydrolysis reaction to form amino sugar, organic acid ammonium, potassium sugar and organic potassium, and fixing inorganic phosphate fertilizer with saccharides and fulvic acids formed by the third chemical hydrolysis reaction to form 6-phosphosugar and phosphofulvic acid. The inorganic fertilizer is completely organized.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a complete set of inorganic fertilizer organic equipment comprises a first chemical hydrolysis tank, a second chemical hydrolysis tank, a third chemical hydrolysis tank, a first centrifugal separator, a second centrifugal separator, a third centrifugal separator, a trace element chelation reaction tank, an ammonia and potassium fixation reaction tank, a phosphorus fixation reaction tank, a computer dosing machine, a multi-effect vacuum evaporation concentration tank, a stabilization tank, a spray dryer, a metering filling machine, a metering packaging machine, a first heat pump heater, a second heat pump heater, a third heat pump heater and a control cabinet;
the first chemical hydrolysis tank is provided with an organic waste feed inlet, a catalyst feed inlet and a discharge outlet, and the first chemical hydrolysis tank is internally provided with a spiral heating pipe;
the first centrifugal separator is provided with a feeding hole, a liquid phase discharging hole and a solid phase discharging hole, and the feeding hole on the first centrifugal separator is connected with the discharging hole on the first chemical hydrolysis tank through a pipeline;
the second chemical hydrolysis tank is provided with a feeding hole and a discharging hole, a spiral heating pipe is arranged in the second chemical hydrolysis tank, the feeding hole in the second chemical hydrolysis tank is connected with the solid-phase discharging hole in the first centrifugal separator through a pipeline, and the inlet of the spiral heating pipe in the second chemical hydrolysis tank is connected with the outlet of the spiral heating pipe in the first chemical hydrolysis tank through a pipeline;
the second centrifugal separator is provided with a feed inlet, a solid phase discharge port and a liquid phase discharge port, and the feed inlet on the second centrifugal separator is connected with the discharge port on the second chemical hydrolysis tank through a pipeline;
the third chemical hydrolysis tank is provided with a feeding hole and a discharging hole, a spiral heating pipe is arranged in the third chemical hydrolysis tank, the feeding hole in the third chemical hydrolysis tank is connected with the solid-phase discharging hole in the second centrifugal separator through a pipeline, and the inlet of the spiral heating pipe in the third chemical hydrolysis tank is connected with the outlet of the spiral heating pipe in the second chemical hydrolysis tank through a pipeline;
the third centrifugal separator is provided with a feed inlet, a solid phase discharge port and a liquid phase discharge port, and the feed inlet on the third centrifugal separator is connected with the discharge port on the third chemical hydrolysis tank through a pipeline; slag discharged from a solid phase discharge port on the third centrifugal separator is sent into a centrifugal slag groove for additional treatment;
the trace element chelation reaction tank is provided with a feeding hole, a discharging hole and a trace element feeding hole, trace elements are added into the trace element chelation reaction tank through the trace element feeding hole, and the feeding hole of the trace element chelation reaction tank is connected with a liquid phase discharging hole on the first centrifugal separator through a pipeline;
the ammonia and potassium fixation reaction tank is provided with a feeding hole, a discharging hole and an ammonia and potassium fertilizer feeding hole, ammonia and potassium fertilizer are added into the ammonia and potassium fixation reaction tank through the ammonia and potassium fertilizer feeding hole, and the feeding hole on the ammonia and potassium fixation reaction tank is connected with the liquid phase discharging hole on the second centrifugal separator through a pipeline;
the phosphorus-fixing reaction tank is provided with a feeding hole, a discharging hole and a phosphate fertilizer feeding hole, phosphate fertilizer is added into the phosphorus-fixing reaction tank through the phosphate fertilizer feeding hole, and the feeding hole on the phosphorus-fixing reaction tank is connected with the liquid-phase discharging hole on the third centrifugal separator through a pipeline;
the first heat pump heater is provided with an inlet and an outlet, the inlet of the first heat pump heater is connected with the outlet of the spiral heating pipe in the third chemical hydrolysis tank through a pipeline, and the outlet of the first heat pump heater is connected with the inlet of the spiral heating pipe in the first chemical hydrolysis tank through a pipeline for circulating heating;
the computer batching machine is provided with a first feeding hole, a second feeding hole, a third feeding hole, an additive feeding hole and a discharging hole, the first feeding hole on the computer batching machine is connected with the discharging hole on the trace element chelation reaction tank through a pipeline, the second feeding hole on the computer batching machine is connected with the discharging hole on the solid ammonia and potassium reaction tank through a pipeline, and the third feeding hole on the computer batching machine is connected with the discharging hole on the solid phosphorus reaction tank through a pipeline; adding additives into the mixture by a computer dosing machine through an additive feeding port;
the multi-effect vacuum evaporation concentration tank is provided with a feed inlet, a discharge outlet, a heat source inlet and a heat source outlet, and the feed inlet on the multi-effect vacuum evaporation concentration tank is connected with the discharge outlet on the computer batching machine; a heat source inlet and a heat source outlet on the multi-effect vacuum evaporation concentration tank are respectively connected with a heat source outlet and a heat source inlet on the second heat pump heater, and the heat source in the multi-effect vacuum evaporation concentration tank is circularly heated by the second heat pump heater;
the stabilizing tank is provided with a feed inlet, a liquid fertilizer discharge port, a solid fertilizer discharge port and a stabilizing agent feed port, stabilizing agent is added into the stabilizing tank through the stabilizing feed port, and the feed inlet on the stabilizing tank is connected with the discharge port on the multi-effect vacuum evaporation and concentration tank; a liquid fertilizer discharge port on the stabilization tank outputs liquid fertilizer to the metering and filling machine for liquid fertilizer filling;
the spray dryer is provided with a feeding hole, a discharging hole, a heat source inlet and a heat source outlet, the feeding hole on the spray dryer is connected with the solid fertilizer discharging hole on the stabilizing tank, and the discharging hole on the spray dryer outputs the solid fertilizer to the metering packaging machine for solid fertilizer packaging; a heat source inlet and a heat source outlet on the spray dryer are respectively connected with a heat source outlet and a heat source inlet on the third heat pump heater, and the heat source in the spray dryer is circularly heated by the third heat pump heater;
the first heat pump heater, the second heat pump heater and the third heat pump heater are in control connection with the control cabinet and controlled by the control cabinet.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the device further comprises an organic waste storage tank, a crusher, a screening cleaner and a sundries tank, wherein the organic waste storage tank is used for storing organic waste and is provided with a discharge port, the discharge port on the organic waste storage tank is connected with a feed port on the crusher, the discharge port on the crusher is connected with a feed port on the screening cleaner, the discharge port on the screening cleaner is connected with an organic waste feed port on the first chemical hydrolysis tank and is used for feeding the organic waste after screening and cleaning into the first chemical hydrolysis tank, and a sundries outlet on the screening cleaner is connected with an inlet of the sundries tank and is used for conveying sundries into the sundries tank for subsequent treatment.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a catalyst tank is connected to the catalyst feed port of the first chemical hydrolysis tank; a trace element groove is connected to a trace element feeding port of the trace element chelation reaction tank; an ammonia and potassium fertilizer groove is connected with the ammonia and potassium fertilizer feeding port on the ammonia and potassium fixation reaction tank; and a phosphorus fertilizer groove is connected to a phosphorus fertilizer feeding port on the phosphorus fixation reaction tank.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first centrifugal liquid phase tank is connected in series to a pipe between a liquid phase discharge port of the first centrifugal separator and a feed port of the trace element chelate reaction tank, and a first centrifugal solid phase tank is connected in series to a pipe between a solid phase discharge port of the first centrifugal separator and a feed port of the second chemical hydrolysis tank; a second centrifugal liquid phase groove is connected in series on a pipeline between a liquid phase discharge port on the second centrifugal separator and a feed port on the ammonia and potassium fixing reaction tank; a second centrifugal solid phase groove is connected in series on a pipeline between a solid phase discharge hole on the second centrifugal separator and a feed inlet on the third chemical hydrolysis tank; and a third centrifugal liquid phase groove is connected in series on a pipeline between a liquid phase discharge port on the third centrifugal separator and a feed inlet on the phosphorus fixation reaction tank.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the control cabinet controls the first heat pump heater, the second heat pump heater and the third heat pump heater through programming, so as to control the reaction temperature, the reaction pressure and the reaction time of the first chemical hydrolysis tank, the second chemical hydrolysis tank and the third chemical hydrolysis tank, as well as the concentration temperature and time of the multi-effect vacuum evaporation concentration tank and the temperature and time of the spray dryer.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the trace element chelation reaction tank, the nitrogen and potassium fixing reaction tank and the phosphorus fixing reaction tank are also heated and pressurized by a heat pump heater.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, all heat pump heaters are divided into a saturated water heater and an air heat pump heater, heating saturated water and heating air and thereby pressurizing, respectively, using a temperature and pressure independent combination.
The invention has the advantages that;
1. the inorganic trace element fertilizer, inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are organized into small molecules.
2. Hydrolyzing organic waste for three times to generate micromolecular saccharides, amino acids, organic acids and fulvic acids, and carrying out chelation reaction, substitution reaction and addition reaction on the inorganic fertilizer to form the micromolecular macroelement organic fertilizer microelement organic fertilizer. The plant root system can be directly absorbed, the metabolic pathway is shortened, the soil microorganism can be directly utilized, the nutrient utilization rate can be greatly improved, and the fertilizer consumption is saved.
3. Because the inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer is converted into organic amino sugar, the organic acid ammonium is positive charge, the soil colloid is negative charge, nitrate and nitrite which are negative charge are not converted any more, and because the positive charge and the negative charge are mutually attracted, the inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer is not easy to run off in the soil, and meanwhile, the residual pollution caused by the conversion of the inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer into the nitrate and the nitrite is avoided.
4. Because the micromolecular organic potassium fertilizer and micromolecular organic phosphate fertilizer are formed, the chemical fixation chance of soil is greatly reduced, and the utilization rate of potassium and phosphorus is improved.
5. The organic fertilizer has quick fertilizer effect, short growth period and early maturation or harvesting.
6. Because the chemical fertilizer is completely organic, the yield-increasing organic agricultural products and green agricultural products can be produced.
7. Because the fertilizer is completely organized, the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus is reasonable, the microbial activity of the soil is promoted, and the organic matters of the soil are quickly promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the process flow of the complete equipment for inorganic fertilizer organization
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below in conjunction with the appended drawings and detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1, the complete equipment for inorganic fertilizer organization shown in the figure comprises a first chemical hydrolysis tank 10, a second chemical hydrolysis tank 20, a third chemical hydrolysis tank 30, a first centrifugal separator 40, a second centrifugal separator 50, a third centrifugal separator 60, a trace element chelation reaction tank 70, an ammonia and potassium fixation reaction tank 80, a phosphorus fixation reaction tank 90, a computer dosing machine 100, a multi-effect vacuum evaporation concentration tank 110, a stabilization tank 120, a spray dryer 130, a metering filling machine 140, a metering packaging machine 150, a first heat pump heater 160, a second heat pump heater 170, a third heat pump heater 180, a control cabinet 190, an organic waste storage tank 200, a crusher 210, a screening and impurity removing machine 220 and a impurity tank 230.
The first chemical hydrolysis tank 10 is provided with an organic waste feed opening 11, a catalyst feed opening 12 and a discharge opening 13, the first chemical hydrolysis tank 10 is internally provided with a spiral heating pipe, the catalyst feed opening 12 of the first chemical hydrolysis tank 10 is connected with a catalyst tank 240, and the catalyst is added into the first chemical hydrolysis tank 10 through the catalyst feed opening 12.
The organic waste storage tank 200 is used for storing organic waste and is provided with a discharge port 210, the discharge port 210 on the organic waste storage tank 200 is connected with a feed port 211 on the crusher 210, a discharge port 212 on the crusher 210 is connected with a feed port 221 on the screening cleaner 220, an organic waste discharge port 222 on the screening cleaner 220 is connected with an organic waste feed port 11 on the first chemical hydrolysis tank 10, the organic waste feed port 11 is used for feeding the organic waste subjected to screening and cleaning into the first chemical hydrolysis tank 10, a sundries outlet 232 on the screening cleaner 220 is connected with an inlet 231 of the sundries tank 230, and sundries are conveyed into the sundries tank 230 for subsequent treatment.
The first centrifugal separator 40 is provided with a feed inlet 41, a liquid phase discharge port 42 and a solid phase discharge port 43, and the feed inlet 41 of the first centrifugal separator 40 is connected with the discharge port 13 of the first chemical hydrolysis tank 10 through a pipeline.
The second chemical hydrolysis tank 20 is provided with a feeding hole 21 and a discharging hole 22, a spiral heating pipe is arranged in the second chemical hydrolysis tank 20, the feeding hole 21 on the second chemical hydrolysis tank 20 is connected with a solid phase discharging hole 43 on the first centrifugal separator 40 through a pipeline, a first centrifugal solid phase groove 250 is connected in series on the pipeline between the solid phase discharging hole 43 on the first centrifugal separator 40 and the feeding hole 21 on the second chemical hydrolysis tank 20, and an inlet 23 of the spiral heating pipe in the second chemical hydrolysis tank 20 is connected with an outlet 14 of the spiral heating pipe in the first chemical hydrolysis tank 10 through a pipeline.
The second centrifugal separator 50 is provided with a feed inlet 51, a solid phase discharge port 52 and a liquid phase discharge port 53, and the feed inlet 51 of the second centrifugal separator 50 is connected with the discharge port 22 of the second chemical hydrolysis tank 20 through a pipeline.
The third chemical hydrolysis tank 30 is provided with a feed inlet 31 and a discharge outlet 32, a spiral heating pipe is arranged in the third chemical hydrolysis tank 30, the feed inlet 31 on the third chemical hydrolysis tank 30 is connected with a solid phase discharge outlet 52 on the second centrifugal separator 50 through a pipeline, and a second centrifugal solid phase groove 260 is connected in series on the pipeline between the solid phase discharge outlet 52 on the second centrifugal separator 50 and the feed inlet 31 on the third chemical hydrolysis tank 30; the inlet 33 of the spiral heating pipe in the third chemical hydrolysis tank 30 is connected with the outlet 24 of the spiral heating pipe in the second chemical hydrolysis tank 20 through a pipeline.
The third centrifugal separator 60 is provided with a feed inlet 61, a solid phase discharge port 62 and a liquid phase discharge port 63, and the feed inlet 61 of the third centrifugal separator 60 is connected with the discharge port 32 of the third chemical hydrolysis tank 30 through a pipeline; the slag from the solid phase outlet 62 of the third centrifugal separator 60 is fed to a centrifugal slag bath 270 for further processing.
The trace element chelation reaction tank 70 is provided with a feed inlet 71, a discharge outlet 72 and a trace element feed inlet 73, a trace element tank 280 is connected to the trace element feed inlet 73 of the trace element chelation reaction tank 70, a trace element is fed into the trace element chelation reaction tank 70 through the trace element feed inlet 73, the feed inlet 71 of the trace element chelation reaction tank 70 is connected to the liquid phase discharge outlet 42 of the first centrifugal separator 40 through a pipe, and a first centrifugal liquid phase tank 290 is connected in series to the pipe between the liquid phase discharge outlet 42 of the first centrifugal separator 40 and the feed inlet 71 of the trace element chelation reaction tank 70.
The ammonia and potassium fixing reaction tank 80 is provided with a feeding hole 81, a discharging hole 82 and an ammonia and potassium fertilizer feeding hole 83, the ammonia and potassium fertilizer feeding hole 83 on the ammonia and potassium fixing reaction tank 80 is connected with an ammonia and potassium fertilizer tank 300, ammonia and potassium fertilizer are added into the ammonia and potassium fixing reaction tank 80 through the ammonia and potassium fertilizer feeding hole 83, and the feeding hole 81 on the ammonia and potassium fixing reaction tank 80 is connected with the liquid phase discharging hole 53 on the second centrifugal separator 50 through a pipeline; a second centrifugal liquid phase tank 310 is connected in series on the pipeline between the liquid phase discharge port 53 on the second centrifugal separator 50 and the feed port 81 on the solid ammonia and potassium reaction tank 80.
The phosphorus fixation reaction tank 90 is provided with a feed inlet 91, a discharge outlet 92 and a phosphate fertilizer feed inlet 93, the phosphate fertilizer feed inlet 93 on the phosphorus fixation reaction tank 90 is connected with a phosphate fertilizer tank 320, and phosphate fertilizer is added into the phosphorus fixation reaction tank 90 through the phosphate fertilizer feed inlet 93; the feed port 91 of the phosphorus-fixing reaction tank 90 is connected with the liquid phase discharge port 63 of the third centrifugal separator 60 through a pipeline, and a third centrifugal liquid phase tank 330 is connected in series on the pipeline between the liquid phase discharge port 63 of the third centrifugal separator 60 and the feed port 91 of the phosphorus-fixing reaction tank 90.
The first heat pump heater 160 has an inlet 161 and an outlet 162, the inlet 161 of the first heat pump heater 160 is connected with the spiral heating pipe outlet 34 in the third chemical hydrolysis tank 30 through a pipeline, and the outlet 162 of the first heat pump heater 160 is connected with the spiral heating pipe inlet 15 in the first chemical hydrolysis tank 10 through a pipeline, so as to perform circulation heating.
The computer dosing machine 100 is provided with a first feeding hole 101, a second feeding hole 102, a third feeding hole 103, an additive feeding hole 104 and a discharging hole 105, the first feeding hole 101 on the computer dosing machine 100 is connected with the discharging hole 72 on the trace element chelating reaction tank 70 through a pipeline, the second feeding hole 102 on the computer dosing machine 100 is connected with the discharging hole 82 on the solid ammonia and potassium reaction tank 80 through a pipeline, and the third feeding hole 103 on the computer dosing machine 100 is connected with the discharging hole 92 on the solid phosphorus reaction tank 90 through a pipeline. An additive tank 340 is connected to the additive feed opening 104, and additives are fed into the computer dispensing machine 100 through the additive feed opening 104.
The multi-effect vacuum evaporation concentration tank 110 is provided with a feed inlet 111, a discharge outlet 112, a heat source inlet 113 and a heat source outlet 114, the feed inlet 111 on the multi-effect vacuum evaporation concentration tank 110 is connected with the discharge outlet 105 on the computer dosing machine 100; the heat source inlet 113 and the heat source outlet 114 on the multi-effect vacuum evaporation concentration tank 110 are respectively connected with the heat source outlet 171 and the heat source inlet 172 on the second heat pump heater 170, and the heat source in the multi-effect vacuum evaporation concentration tank 110 is circularly heated by the second heat pump heater 170.
The stabilizing tank 120 is provided with a feed inlet 121, a liquid fertilizer discharge port 122, a solid fertilizer discharge port 123 and a stabilizing agent feed port 124, the stabilizing agent feed port 124 is connected with a stabilizing agent tank 350, and a stabilizing agent is added into the stabilizing tank 120 through the stabilizing feed port 124; the feed inlet 121 on the stabilizing tank 120 is connected with the discharge outlet 112 on the multi-effect vacuum evaporation and concentration tank 110; the liquid fertilizer outlet 122 on the stabilization tank 120 outputs the liquid fertilizer to the metering and filling machine 140 for liquid fertilizer filling.
The spray dryer 130 is provided with a feed inlet 131, a discharge outlet 132, a heat source inlet 133 and a heat source outlet 134, the feed inlet 131 on the spray dryer 130 is connected with the solid fertilizer discharge outlet 123 on the stabilization tank 120, and the discharge outlet 132 on the spray dryer 130 outputs the solid fertilizer to the metering packaging machine 150 for solid fertilizer packaging; the heat source inlet 132 and the heat source outlet 133 on the spray dryer 130 are respectively connected with the heat source outlet 181 and the heat source inlet 182 on the third heat pump heater 180, and the heat source in the spray dryer 130 is circularly heated by the third heat pump heater 180;
the first heat pump heater 160, the second heat pump heater 170 and the third heat pump heater 180 are in control connection with the control cabinet 190, and the control cabinet 190 controls the first heat pump heater 160, the second heat pump heater 170 and the third heat pump heater 180 through programming, so as to control the reaction temperature, the reaction pressure and the reaction time of the first heat pump heater 160, the second heat pump heater 170 and the third heat pump heater 180, the concentration temperature and the concentration time of the multi-effect vacuum evaporation concentration tank 110 and the temperature and the concentration time of the spray dryer 130.
The temperature of the first heat pump heater 160 to the first chemical hydrolysis tank 10 is controlled to be 100-160 ℃, the pressure is controlled to be 0.2-0.6 Mpa, and the reaction time is 1-4 h; the temperature of the second chemical hydrolysis tank 20 is controlled to be 140-120 ℃, the pressure is controlled to be 0.4-1.8 Mpa, and the reaction time is 1-4 h; the third chemical hydrolysis tank 30 is controlled at 180-280 deg.C, 2.0-3.5 Mpa, and reaction time is 1-4 h.
The trace element chelation reaction tank 70, the nitrogen and potassium fixation reaction tank 80 and the phosphorus fixation reaction tank 90 are also heated and pressurized by a heat pump heater (not shown in the figure), the reaction temperature of the trace element chelation reaction tank 70, the nitrogen and potassium fixation reaction tank 80 and the phosphorus fixation reaction tank 90 is controlled to be 40-160 ℃, the pressure is controlled to be 0.1-0.9 MPa, and the curing reaction time is 1-4 h.
All heat pump heaters are divided into a saturated water heater and an air heat pump heater, the saturated water heater and the air heat pump heater are used for heating and further pressurizing saturated water and air respectively, and a temperature and pressure non-correlation form combination is adopted.
The embodiment of the invention is implemented by the following steps:
step one, pretreatment:
the organic wastes rich in protein, starch, polysaccharide, fat, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, such as human, livestock and poultry manure, dead bodies of livestock and poultry, food wastes, kitchen wastes, activated sludge, straws of agricultural and forest crops, leaves and branches, and organic wastes of industrial products produced by taking animals and plants as raw materials are sent into a first chemical hydrolysis tank 10 for chemical hydrolysis treatment. In the embodiment, the household classified kitchen waste is taken as an example, and is treated by various types of crushers 210 and screening trash extractors 220, oversize materials of the screening trash extractors 220 enter a trash tank 230, and trash is treated according to a landfill or incineration method of household garbage, which is a mature and open technology.
Step two: the undersize product of the screening and impurity removing machine 220 is organic waste, and enters the first chemical hydrolysis tank 10 and is added with a catalyst, which is a well-known mature technology, a saturated water heater in a first heat pump heater 160 is used for heating and pressurizing through an air heat pump heater, the temperature is controlled at 130 ℃, the pressure is controlled at 0.6Mpa, the reaction time is 1h, the protein in the organic waste is decomposed into amino acid and peptide, the starchiness and the polysaccharide are decomposed into glucose and volatile fatty acid such as acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, and the hemicellulose is decomposed into xylose, arabinose, glucose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid to be liquid phase. Cellulose and lignin which have not been decomposed are in a solid phase.
The liquid phase and the solid phase hydrolyzed in the first chemical hydrolysis tank 10 are centrifuged for the first time by the first centrifugal separator 40, the liquid phase after the first centrifugal separation is sent to the first centrifugal liquid phase tank 290, and the solid phase after the first centrifugal separation is sent to the first centrifugal solid phase tank 250.
And the solid phase in the first centrifugal solid phase groove 250 enters the second chemical hydrolysis tank 20 again for second chemical hydrolysis, the second chemical hydrolysis tank 20 in the second chemical hydrolysis process is heated and pressurized by the first heat pump heater 160, the temperature is controlled at 180 ℃, the pressure is controlled at 2.0Mpa, and the hydrolysis time is controlled at 1.5 h. The cellulose is decomposed into glucose and organic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid which are in liquid phase, and the lignin is not decomposed and is in solid phase.
The liquid phase and the solid phase hydrolyzed in the second chemical hydrolysis tank 20 are centrifuged for the second time in the second centrifugal separator 50, the liquid phase after the second centrifugal separation is sent to the second centrifugal liquid phase tank 310, and the solid phase after the second centrifugal separation is sent to the second centrifugal solid phase tank 260.
The solid phase in the second centrifugal solid phase groove 260 enters a third chemical hydrolysis tank 30 for third chemical hydrolysis, the third chemical hydrolysis is to carry out chemical hydrolysis on lignin, the temperature is controlled to be 250 ℃ by adopting a first heat pump heater 160, the pressure is controlled to be 3.0Mpa, and the hydrolysis time is controlled to be 2 hours. The lignin is hydrolyzed to fulvic acid and formic acid in the liquid phase.
The liquid phase and the solid phase hydrolyzed by the third chemical hydrolysis tank 30 are centrifugally separated for the third time by the third centrifugal separator 60, the liquid phase after the centrifugal separation for the third time is fulvic acid and formic acid and enters the third centrifugal liquid phase tank 330, the centrifugal slag enters the centrifugal slag tank 270, and the domestic garbage is landfilled or incinerated on the centrifugal slag.
Step three: the liquid phase in the first centrifugal liquid phase tank 290 and the trace element fertilizer in the trace element tank 280 enter the trace element chelation reaction tank 70 for chelation reaction to form an amino acid chelating agent of the trace elements and a chelating agent of the organic acid. The addition of the trace element fertilizer is that the trace elements (calculated by metal simple substances) account for not less than 10 percent. The chelating reaction temperature is controlled at 80 deg.C, and the pressure is controlled at 0.5 MPa. The reaction time was controlled at 1 h.
The liquid phase in the second centrifugal liquid phase tank 310 is the cellulose hydrolysate and the nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in the ammonia and potassium fertilizer tank 300 enter the ammonia and potassium fixing reaction tank 80 for ammonia and potassium fixing reaction. The temperature of the ammonia and potassium fixing reaction tank 80 is controlled at 60 ℃, the pressure is controlled at 0.6Mpa, and the reaction time is controlled at 2 h. Amino sugar and organic acid ammonium are generated. Potassium sugar and organic acid potassium. The addition of the nitrogenous fertilizer is not less than 6 percent calculated by the total N, and the addition of the potash fertilizer is K2Calculated as O, is not less than 5 percent.
The liquid phase in the third centrifugal liquid phase tank 330 is fulvic acid and formic acid, and the water-soluble phosphate fertilizer in the phosphate fertilizer tank 320 enters the phosphorus fixation reaction tank 90 to perform phosphorus fixation reaction to form ammonium formate and fulvic acid phosphate. The reaction temperature of the phosphorus fixation reaction is controlled at 80 ℃, the pressure is controlled at 0.8Mpa, and the reaction time is controlled at 1 h. The water-soluble phosphate fertilizer is one of diammonium phosphate or monoammonium phosphate, and diammonium phosphate is adopted in the embodiment. The diammonium phosphate is added in an amount of P2O5The content is not less than 4%.
Step four: adding organic trace element organic chelating agent in a trace element chelating reaction tank 70, organic nitrogen and organic potassium in an ammonia and potassium fixing reaction tank 80, organic phosphate fertilizer in a phosphorus fixing reaction tank 90 and additive in an additive tank 340 into a computer dosing machine 100 according to a certain proportion for dosing, wherein the trace element organic chelating agent in the dosing is 2% of the total amount, the organic nitrogen is not less than 6% in terms of N, and the organic potassium is K2O is not less than 5 percent, and organic phosphorus is P2O5The content is not less than 4%. N + K2O+P2O5The total amount is not less than 15%. The purpose of forming the organic trace element-containing chelating agent is to form the composite water-soluble fertilizer of the organic nitrogen fertilizer, the organic phosphate fertilizer and the organic potassium fertilizer which can not lead trace elements and phosphate to form precipitates. The additive is organic emulsifying dispersant such as dodecyl lauric acid potassium phosphate, and the addition amount is one thousandth of the total amount.
Step five: after being proportioned by the computer proportioning machine 100, the mixture enters the multi-effect vacuum evaporation concentrator 110 for evaporation concentration, and redundant moisture is evaporated, which is a mature technology. The heat source of the multi-effect vacuum evaporation concentrator 110 is provided by the second heat pump heater 170, the temperature of the heat source is controlled to be 160 ℃ by programming, and the pressure is controlled to be 0.6Mpa by the second heat pump heater 170.
Step six: evaporating and concentrating, adding into a stabilization tank 120, adding stabilizer such as lauric acid betaine in one thousandth of amount, and controlling reaction time at normal temperature for 1h, and adding stabilizer via a stabilizer tank 350 for stabilization reaction.
Step seven: finally, the metering and filling machine 140 is adopted for metering and filling. Producing the organic fertilizer aqueous solution fertilizer. If the water enters the spray dryer 130 from the stabilization tank 120 and is heated by the third heat pump heater 180, the temperature of a heat source is controlled to be 180 ℃, the pressure is controlled to be 0.9Mpa, and the water content is controlled to be less than 5 percent, the water-soluble fertilizer and the solid fertilizer of the organic fertilizer are produced by metering and packaging.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in this embodiment without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.