阅读说明：本技术 一种海洋输油（气）管线高性能耐蚀涂层制备方法与智能装备 (Preparation method of high-performance corrosion-resistant coating for marine oil (gas) transmission pipeline and intelligent equipment ) 是由 肖明颖 高华兵 江国瑞 姜风春 王振 刘杨 董涛 崔传禹 果春焕 陈庆军 于 2020-04-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明针对海洋输油(气)管线对高性能耐蚀非晶涂层制备的技术瓶颈,基于超声冲击对超高速激光熔覆制备非晶涂层的作用原理,提出了一种快速制备海洋管线耐蚀非晶涂层的智能装备设计,属于非晶涂层激光熔覆制造技术与装备领域。该装备由数控加工工作台、超高速激光熔覆系统,超声冲击微锻造系统,激光超声在线检测系统,缺陷在线清除系统和控制中心构成,将超高速激光熔覆技术,超声冲击微锻造技术与在线检测技术集成于一体,解决了非晶涂层难以大面积制备,制备效率低,非晶涂层中非晶相含量不高、涂层致密度不高、易产生裂纹等难题,实现了管线高性能耐蚀涂层的高效、绿色、智能制造,可以替代传统的高污染电镀技术与装备。(The invention provides an intelligent equipment design for rapidly preparing a marine pipeline corrosion-resistant amorphous coating, which aims at the technical bottleneck of preparing a high-performance corrosion-resistant amorphous coating by a marine oil (gas) pipeline and is based on the action principle of ultrasonic impact on ultrahigh-speed laser cladding for preparing the amorphous coating, and belongs to the field of amorphous coating laser cladding manufacturing technology and equipment. The equipment is composed of a numerical control machining workbench, an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding system, an ultrasonic impact micro-forging system, a laser ultrasonic online detection system, a defect online clearing system and a control center, and integrates an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding technology, an ultrasonic impact micro-forging technology and an online detection technology, so that the problems that an amorphous coating is difficult to prepare in a large area, the preparation efficiency is low, the amorphous phase content in the amorphous coating is not high, the coating density is not high, cracks are easy to generate and the like are solved, the efficient, green and intelligent manufacturing of a high-performance corrosion-resistant coating of a pipeline is realized, and the traditional high-pollution electroplating technology and equipment can be replaced.)

1. The invention provides an intelligent equipment design for rapidly preparing a marine pipeline corrosion-resistant amorphous coating, which aims at the technical bottleneck of preparing a high-performance corrosion-resistant amorphous coating by a marine oil (gas) pipeline and is based on the action principle of ultrasonic impact on ultrahigh-speed laser cladding for preparing the amorphous coating, and belongs to the field of amorphous coating laser cladding manufacturing technology and equipment.

2. The equipment integrates the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology, the ultrasonic impact micro-forging technology and the laser ultrasonic online detection and repair technology, comprehensively utilizes the advantages of each technology, realizes the efficient and green manufacture of the high-performance corrosion-resistant coating of the pipeline, and can replace the traditional high-pollution electroplating technology and equipment.

3. The intelligent equipment prepared by the high-performance corrosion-resistant coating of the marine oil (gas) transmission pipeline according to the claim 1, which comprises: the system comprises a numerical control machining workbench, an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding system, an ultrasonic impact micro-forging system, a laser ultrasonic online detection system, a defect online removing system and a control center.

4. The ultra-high speed laser cladding system of claim 1, wherein the laser beam is focused on a proper position above the metal substrate, the laser is coupled with the metal substrate and the powder simultaneously, the powder is melted before entering the molten pool of the substrate, enters the molten pool in a liquid state, and is rapidly solidified and formed, the cladding speed is greatly improved, the cooling speed of the coating is greatly improved, and the formation of an amorphous phase in the coating is promoted.

5. The ultrasonic impact micro-forging system according to claim 1, wherein an ultrasonic impact head is applied to a designated area of the solidified metal deposition layer, and the ultrasonic impact of the impact head is used to generate a compressive stress state on the deposition layer; on the other hand, the ultrasonic component energy field transmitted to the molten pool regulates and controls the solidification process of the molten pool, and utilizes the cavitation effect and the acoustic flow effect of the ultrasonic component energy field to inhibit the conversion of amorphous to crystal during the solidification of the molten pool and eliminate the component segregation and the microscopic defects in the amorphous coating.

6. The on-line detection system of claim 1, which utilizes laser ultrasonic depth measurement technology to realize laser cladding layer micro-crack detection, and the principle is as follows: the laser beam with the power smaller than the material damage threshold is used for scanning the surface of the cladding layer to be detected, the cladding layer is locally heated and expanded to generate various ultrasonic signals such as longitudinal waves, shear waves, surface waves and the like, and the discrimination and identification of the cracks of the cladding layer are realized through the acquisition and comparative analysis of the ultrasonic signals.

7. The numerical control machining workbench according to claim 2, which consists of an equipment base, a high-speed turntable, a linear travelling mechanism and a support; the equipment base is used for mounting the high-speed turntable, the linear travelling mechanism and the bracket; the high-speed turntable is arranged on the equipment base and is matched with the bracket for positioning and installing the workpiece; the linear traveling mechanism is arranged on the equipment base and is used for mounting an ultra-high-speed laser cladding head, an ultrasonic impact head, a laser measuring sensor and a cutting head; the support is arranged on the equipment base and matched with the high-speed turntable for assisting in positioning and installing the workpiece.

8. The ultra-high speed laser cladding system of claim 2, consisting of a laser generator, a powder feeder, a water chiller and an ultra-high speed laser cladding head; the laser generator is used for generating high-energy beam laser; the powder feeder is used for conveying metal powder; the water chiller is used for providing cooling water for the laser generator, the laser cladding head and the ultrasonic impact head; the ultra-high-speed laser cladding head is used for realizing the melting deposition of metal powder.

9. The ultrasonic impact micro-forging system of claim 2, consisting of an ultrasonic transducer and an ultrasonic impact head; the ultrasonic transducer is used for converting electromagnetic energy into mechanical energy (acoustic energy); the ultrasonic impact head directly acts on the surface of a workpiece, can be used for mechanically stamping a metal deposition layer, and is also used for transmitting an ultrasonic energy field amplified by the amplitude transformer.

10. The laser ultrasonic online detection system as claimed in claim 2, which comprises a laser generator, a signal collector, a laser scanning module and a data processing module; the laser generator is a modulated solid laser generator and can generate pulsed laser with specified wavelength and frequency; the laser generator can be configured independently and can also be shared with an ultra-high-speed laser cladding laser generator; the signal collector is a laser ultrasonic receiver based on the Michelson interference principle, is used for collecting ultrasonic signals formed on the surface of the cladding layer and transmits the ultrasonic signals to the signal collection card through optical fibers; the laser scanning module is used for realizing the accurate positioning and two-dimensional scanning of the surface of the measured cladding layer; the data processing module is integrated on the control system, is provided with data processing software, can control parameters such as sampling frequency, time step length, scanning direction and the like, stores and analyzes the acquired data, and makes a defect removing and remelting scheme according to an expert database.

11. The online defect removal system of claim 2, which consists essentially of a milling cutter head and a control circuit; the milling cutter head is installed on the linear travelling mechanism, and the accurate removal of the cladding layer containing crack defects is realized according to a defect removal scheme formulated by the data module.

12. The control center of claim 2, wherein the control center is used for realizing the individual control and the combined control of the numerical control machining workbench, the ultra-high speed laser cladding system, the ultrasonic impact micro-forging system and the laser ultrasonic online detection system.

13. The method for preparing the high-performance corrosion-resistant coating of the marine oil (gas) transmission pipeline and the intelligent device according to claim 1 are characterized in that the corrosion-resistant coating manufacturing technology belongs to the field of laser powder feeding coating manufacturing.

14. The method for preparing the high-performance corrosion-resistant coating of the marine oil (gas) transmission pipeline and the intelligent equipment according to the claim 1, wherein the corrosion-resistant coating can be any kind of metal coating: iron-based, nickel-based, zirconium-based, aluminum-based, copper-based, titanium-based, and the like, as well as other high-entropy alloy coatings that are susceptible to cracking.

15. The method for preparing the high-performance corrosion-resistant coating of the marine oil (gas) transmission pipeline and the intelligent equipment according to claim 1 are characterized in that the material supply mode of the laser cladding technology can be coaxial powder feeding.

16. The method and intelligent equipment for preparing the high-performance corrosion-resistant coating of the marine oil (gas) transmission pipeline according to claim 1, wherein the metal material can be in the form of powder and other flowable metal forms used in a deposition forming process.

17. The method for preparing the high-performance corrosion-resistant coating of the marine oil (gas) transmission pipeline and the intelligent equipment according to claim 1 are characterized in that the equipment can be used for preparing the amorphous coating on the surface of a tubular revolving body member, and can also be used for preparing the amorphous coating on the surface of a planar structure after being improved.

18. The method for preparing the high-performance corrosion-resistant coating of the marine oil (gas) pipeline and the intelligent equipment as claimed in claim 1 are characterized in that a numerical control processing workbench, an ultra-high speed laser cladding system, an ultrasonic impact micro-forging system, a laser ultrasonic online detection system, a defect online removal system and the like of the equipment are all in modular design and can be suitable for workpieces with different diameters and lengths.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of laser cladding manufacturing technology and equipment for corrosion-resistant amorphous coatings of marine oil (gas) pipelines, in particular to intelligent equipment for preparing high-performance amorphous coatings by ultrasonic impact assisted ultrahigh-speed laser cladding.

Background

Ocean pipeline transportation is one of the main methods for oil and gas transportation, and has the characteristics of continuity, rapidness, safety and economy. The marine oil-gas pipeline is directly exposed in different areas such as a marine atmosphere area, a dry-wet alternating area, a full-immersion area and a sea mud area for use, the corrosion environment is extremely complex, the pipeline surface is extremely easy to be corroded and damaged by different environments, the marine pipeline is caused to lose efficacy, oil gas is leaked, economic loss and environmental pollution are caused. Metal coating is a common corrosion protection technique for marine oil and gas pipelines, and traditional metal coating preparation techniques including surface corrosion prevention techniques such as electroplating, hot dipping, thermal spraying and the like are gradually prohibited due to environmental, health and other problems. The common metal coating material for marine corrosion prevention is zinc alloy and aluminum alloy, has high cost, low self hardness and no wear and corrosion resistance, and is difficult to deal with the marine complex corrosion environment. The amorphous alloy is also called as metallic glass, has the metastable state structural characteristics of long-range disorder and short-range order, has topological disorder arrangement of three-dimensional space of atoms in a solid state and keeps relatively stable in a certain temperature range, and has more excellent performances compared with the traditional crystalline alloy, such as high strength, high hardness, high corrosion resistance, wear resistance and the like, and particularly has excellent seawater corrosion resistance. The amorphous alloy applied in the form of the coating not only overcomes the defects of the bulk amorphous alloy, but also enables the excellent performance of the amorphous alloy to be extremely extended, and realizes the large-scale application of the amorphous alloy in industry. The conventional amorphous coating preparation method comprises thermal spraying technologies such as supersonic flame spraying, supersonic electric arc spraying and supersonic plasma spraying, and laser cladding technology. The coating prepared by the traditional technologies such as thermal spraying and the like is generally mechanically bonded with a substrate, the bonding force is low, the porosity of the coating is high, cracks are easy to generate, and the gap corrosion is easy to generate in a marine corrosion environment. In the traditional laser cladding technology, metallurgical bonding is formed between the coating and the matrix, the bonding strength is high, but the scanning speed is slow, the thickness of the cladding layer is thick, the metal cooling rate is low, and the difficulty in generating an amorphous phase is increased. The ultra-high speed laser cladding technology is a new laser cladding technology developed in recent years, compared with the conventional laser cladding technology, the new technology utilizes a beam current with high energy density to simultaneously melt an additive material and the surface of a base material moving at high speed in a synchronous powder feeding and material adding mode, and forms a cladding layer with extremely low dilution rate and metallurgical bonding with the base after rapid solidification, so the technology has the characteristics of extremely short solidification time and high cladding efficiency, and is particularly suitable for preparing amorphous alloy coatings. The research shows that: although the proportion of amorphous phase in the amorphous coating can be greatly improved by adopting the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology, the melting and solidifying process of cladding and depositing the amorphous metal is extremely short, a large temperature gradient is formed between a workpiece and the coating, high residual stress is generated, and the cracking of the cladding layer is easily caused by the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of the coating and a substrate and metallurgical defects such as air holes, slag inclusion and the like generated in the metal melting and depositing process. The ultrasonic impact micro-forging technology can improve and control the solidification process, eliminate residual stress in the amorphous coating, eliminate metallurgical defects such as air holes, slag inclusion and the like in the amorphous coating, and greatly reduce cracks in the amorphous coating. Compared with the prior metal coating preparation technology, the preparation technology based on ultrasonic impact assisted ultrahigh-speed laser cladding amorphous coating has the following advantages: (1) the production efficiency is high, the ultra-high speed laser cladding speed can reach 50m/min, which is dozens or even hundreds of times of the traditional coating preparation technology, and the thickness of the cladding layer can be controlled to be 25-200 mu m; (2) the prepared amorphous coating has low crystal content and good seawater corrosion resistance due to the adoption of an ultrasonic impact assisted forming technology, can be used in a marine environment for a long time, and effectively protects marine engineering equipment; (3) the surface quality is high, the surface quality of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding is excellent, and the electroplating process level can be achieved only by slight polishing; (4) the method is green and environment-friendly, and in the laser cladding processing process, the surface does not need sand blasting treatment, only inert gases such as nitrogen or argon are used, fuel gases such as hydrogen or propane are not used, waste gas, waste water and the like are not generated, so that the method is an advanced green and environment-friendly technology. However, the ultrahigh-speed laser rapid cladding process of the amorphous alloy corrosion-resistant coating is complex, has many detection parameters and high requirement on automation level, and the development of intelligent equipment is urgently needed to realize the high-efficiency and high-quality manufacture of the amorphous coating.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an intelligent equipment design for rapidly preparing a marine pipeline corrosion-resistant amorphous coating, which aims at the technical bottleneck of preparing a high-performance corrosion-resistant amorphous coating by a marine oil (gas) pipeline and is based on the action principle of ultrasonic impact on ultrahigh-speed laser cladding for preparing the amorphous coating, and is used for solving the problems that the amorphous coating is difficult to prepare in a large area, the preparation efficiency is low, the amorphous phase content in the amorphous coating is not high, the coating density is not high, cracks are easy to generate and the like. The designed equipment can realize the preparation of the high-performance seawater corrosion resistant coating with low cost, high efficiency, high quality and environmental protection.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides intelligent equipment for preparing an amorphous coating by ultrasonic impact assisted ultrahigh-speed laser cladding, which comprises: a numerical control processing workbench, an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding system, an ultrasonic impact micro-forging system, a laser ultrasonic online detection system, a defect online removal system, a control center and the like.

The numerical control machining workbench is composed of an equipment base, a high-speed rotary table, a linear travelling mechanism and a support.

The equipment base is used for installing the high-speed turntable, the linear travelling mechanism and the support.

The high-speed turntable is arranged on the equipment base and is matched with the support to be used for positioning and installing workpieces.

The linear traveling mechanism is arranged on the equipment base and used for mounting the ultra-high-speed laser cladding head, the ultrasonic impact head, the signal collector and the milling cutter head.

The support is arranged on the equipment base and matched with the support for assisting in positioning and installing the workpiece.

The ultrahigh-speed laser cladding system consists of a laser generator, a powder feeder, a water cooling machine and an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding head for feeding materials in light.

The laser generator is used for providing high-energy beam laser to realize the cladding preparation of the amorphous coating.

The powder feeder is used for quantitatively feeding powder by virtue of the powder feeding disc, and conveying the powder by virtue of carrier gas, so that integrated control and linkage with other equipment in the system can be realized.

The water chiller is used for providing cooling water for the laser and the laser cladding head.

The optical internal feeding ultrahigh-speed laser cladding head is arranged on a linear travelling mechanism, and has the following advantages compared with the traditional optical external feeding (powder coating) cladding head: (1) the motion trail of the powder is in a linear shape and is consistent with the action direction of gravity, air-borne pressure and inertia force, the divergence angle is small, the powder is not interfered with light beams in the powder conveying process, and the material utilization rate is obviously improved; (2) the powder is transmitted and heated from the laser light, so that the contact probability of the alloy powder with air and other impurities is reduced, and the powder can be effectively prevented from being oxidized; (3) the powder can fully absorb energy in the action of light beams, so that the heating efficiency is improved; (4) the splashing of liquid drops, powder, dust and the like is reduced, the environment in an additive manufacturing working cabin is favorably improved, and the measurement precision of a non-contact optical online monitoring system is improved; (5) deposition forming and ultrasonic impact can be carried out on the lateral direction of the component, so that the overall quality and performance of the component are improved; (6) promoting amorphous forming and reducing crystallization ratio.

The ultrasonic impact micro-forging system consists of an ultrasonic transducer and an ultrasonic impact head.

The ultrasonic transducer is used to convert electromagnetic energy into mechanical energy (acoustic energy).

The ultrasonic impact head directly acts on the surface of a workpiece, can be used for stamping a metal deposition layer and is also used for transmitting an ultrasonic energy field amplified by the amplitude transformer.

The laser ultrasonic online detection system is composed of a laser generator, a signal collector, a laser scanning module and a data processing module.

The laser generator is a modulated solid laser and can generate pulse laser with specified wavelength and frequency.

The laser generator can be configured independently, and can also be shared with an ultra-high-speed laser cladding laser generator.

The signal collector is a laser ultrasonic receiver based on the Michelson interference principle, is used for collecting ultrasonic signals formed on the surface of the cladding layer, and transmits the ultrasonic signals to the signal collection card through optical fibers.

The laser scanning module is used for realizing accurate positioning and two-dimensional scanning of the surface of the measured cladding layer.

The data processing module is integrally equipped in the control center, is provided with data processing software, can control parameters such as sampling frequency, time step length, scanning direction and the like, stores and analyzes the acquired data, and makes a defect removing and remelting scheme according to an expert database.

The defect online removing system mainly comprises a milling cutter head and a control circuit.

The milling cutter head is installed on the linear travelling mechanism, and the accurate removal of the cladding layer containing crack defects is realized according to a defect removal scheme formulated by the data module.

And the control center is used for realizing independent control and combined control of the numerical control machining workbench, the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding system, the ultrasonic impact micro-forging system, the laser ultrasonic online detection system and the defect online removal system.

The intelligent equipment for preparing the amorphous coating by ultrasonic impact assisted ultrahigh-speed laser cladding is characterized in that an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding technology, an ultrasonic impact micro-forging technology, a laser ultrasonic online detection technology and an online repair technology are integrated; the innovative design fully utilizes the efficient manufacturing of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology, the high-quality manufacturing of the ultrasonic impact micro-forging technology and the intelligent manufacturing of the online detection and repair technology, and realizes the large-area intelligent manufacturing of the amorphous coating with high efficiency and high quality.

According to the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding device, a laser beam is focused at a proper position above a metal matrix in a laser light internal synchronous powder feeding and material adding mode, the laser is simultaneously coupled with the metal matrix and powder, the powder is melted before entering a matrix molten pool, enters the molten pool in a liquid state and is rapidly solidified and formed, the cladding speed is greatly improved, the cooling speed of a coating is greatly improved, and the formation of an amorphous phase in the coating is promoted.

The ultrasonic impact micro-forging device enables an ultrasonic impact head to act on a specified area of a solidified metal deposition layer, and the ultrasonic impact of the impact head is utilized to enable the coating layer to generate a pressure stress state. On the other hand, the ultrasonic component energy field transmitted to the molten pool regulates and controls the solidification process of the molten pool, and utilizes the cavitation effect and the acoustic flow effect of the ultrasonic component energy field to inhibit the conversion of amorphous to crystal during the solidification of the molten pool and eliminate the component segregation and the microscopic defects in the amorphous coating.

The laser ultrasonic online detection system mainly utilizes a laser ultrasonic depth measurement technology to realize the microcrack detection of the laser cladding layer, and the principle is as follows: the laser beam with the power smaller than the material damage threshold is used for scanning the surface of the cladding layer to be detected, the cladding layer is locally heated and expanded to generate various ultrasonic signals such as longitudinal waves, shear waves, surface waves and the like, and the discrimination and identification of the cracks of the cladding layer are realized through the acquisition and comparative analysis of the ultrasonic signals.

The preparation method and the intelligent equipment of the high-performance corrosion-resistant coating of the oil (gas) transmission pipeline are characterized in that the corrosion-resistant coating can be any kind of metal coating: iron-based, nickel-based, zirconium-based, aluminum-based, copper-based, titanium-based, and the like, as well as other high-entropy alloy coatings that are susceptible to cracking.

The preparation method and the intelligent equipment of the high-performance corrosion-resistant coating of the oil (gas) transmission pipeline are characterized in that the material supply mode of the laser cladding technology can be coaxial powder feeding.

The preparation method and the intelligent equipment of the high-performance corrosion-resistant coating of the oil (gas) transmission pipeline are characterized in that the metal material can be powder and other flowable metal forms used for a deposition forming process.

The preparation method of the high-performance corrosion-resistant coating for the oil (gas) pipeline and the intelligent equipment are characterized in that the equipment can be used for preparing the amorphous coating on the surface of a pipe type revolving body component, and can also be used for preparing the amorphous coating on the surface of a planar structure after the equipment is improved.

The preparation method of the high-performance corrosion-resistant coating for the oil (gas) transmission pipeline and the intelligent equipment are characterized in that a numerical control processing workbench, an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding system, an ultrasonic impact micro-forging system, a laser ultrasonic online detection system, a defect online removal system and the like of the equipment are all in modular design and are suitable for workpieces with different diameters and lengths.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an intelligent device for preparing an amorphous coating by ultrasonic impact assisted ultrahigh-speed laser cladding.

FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of preparing an amorphous coating by ultrasonic impact assisted ultrahigh-speed laser cladding.

Detailed Description

The details of the present invention and its embodiments are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

With reference to fig. 1, the invention relates to a preparation method of a high-performance corrosion-resistant coating for an oil (gas) pipeline and intelligent equipment, which consists of a numerical control processing workbench, an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding system, an ultrasonic impact micro-forging system, a laser ultrasonic online detection system, a defect online removal system and a control center.

The numerical control machining workbench comprises an equipment base 11, a high-speed rotary table 12, a support 13 and a linear travelling mechanism 14.

The equipment base 11 is a carrier of a high-speed turntable 12, a support 13 and a linear travelling mechanism 14.

The high-speed turntable 12 is arranged on an equipment base and is a carrier of a workpiece 15, the rotating speed is 0-60R/min, the positioning precision is +/-0.1 mm, the holding diameter of a gripping disc is 40-1000mm, the maximum processing length is 5m, the maximum processing weight is 5 tons by matching with the support 13, and the production of oil (gas) pipelines with common sizes in the current market is met.

The linear traveling mechanism 14 is arranged on the equipment base 11 and is a carrier of the ultrasonic impact head 8, the ultra-high speed laser cladding head 9, the signal collector 7 and the milling head 10, the traveling speed is 0-1000mm/min, the precision is +/-0.1 mm/1m, and the linear traveling distance is 5.5 m.

The support 13 is arranged on the equipment base and used for auxiliary supporting, mounting and positioning of the workpiece 15.

The ultra-high speed laser cladding system comprises: the device comprises a laser generator 2, a water cooler 3, a powder feeder 4, a gas cylinder 5 and an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding head 9.

The laser generator 2 is used for generating laser and providing an incident light source for the laser ultrasonic detection system.

The water cooling machine 3 is used for providing circulating cooling water for the laser generator 2, the ultra-high speed laser cladding head 9 and the ultrasonic impact head 8.

The powder feeder 4 is used for conveying amorphous powder to the ultra-high-speed laser cladding head 9.

The gas cylinder 5 is used for providing gas with stable flow for the powder feeder 4 and the ultra-high-speed laser cladding head 9.

The ultra-high-speed laser cladding head 9 is arranged on the linear travelling mechanism 14 and is used for realizing laser melting deposition of amorphous powder.

The ultrasonic impact micro-forging system comprises an ultrasonic transducer 1 and an ultrasonic impact head 8.

The ultrasonic transducer 1 is used to convert electromagnetic energy into mechanical energy (acoustic energy).

The ultrasonic impact head 8 is arranged on the linear walking mechanism 14 and used for stamping a metal deposition layer and transmitting an ultrasonic energy field amplified by the amplitude transformer, and the component of the ultrasonic energy field is utilized to realize solidification interference on a metal molten pool.

The laser ultrasonic online detection system is composed of a laser generator, a signal collector 7, a laser scanning module and a data processing module.

The laser is a high-energy pulse solid laser, can provide incident laser with the central wavelength of 1080nm, and has the maximum modulation frequency of 2 KHZ.

The signal collector 7 is mounted on the linear traveling mechanism 14 and used for collecting ultrasonic signals formed on the surface of the cladding layer and transmitting the ultrasonic signals to the signal collection card through optical fibers.

The laser scanning module is integrated on the laser cladding head 9 and used for realizing accurate positioning of the surface of the cladding layer to be detected and linear scanning within the range of 200mm in width.

The data processing module is integrally equipped on the control center 6, is provided with data processing software, can control parameters such as sampling frequency, time step length, scanning direction and the like, stores and analyzes the acquired data, and makes a defect removal and accurate remelting strategy.

The defect online removing system mainly comprises a milling cutter head 10 and a control circuit.

The milling cutter head 10 is installed on the linear travelling mechanism 14, and the accurate removal of the cladding layer containing crack defects is realized according to the defect removal process formulated by the data module.

And the control center 7 is used for realizing independent control and combined control of the numerical control machining workbench, the ultra-high speed laser cladding system, the ultrasonic impact micro-forging system and the online detection system.

With reference to fig. 2, a process flow diagram of preparing an amorphous coating by ultrasonic impact assisted ultrahigh-speed laser cladding is briefly described as follows:

step 1, deoiling and derusting a pipe workpiece, and installing and positioning;

step 2, drying the amorphous metal powder, and putting the amorphous metal powder into a powder feeder;

step 3, starting equipment which comprises a numerical control machining workbench, an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding system, an ultrasonic impact micro-forging system, a laser ultrasonic online detection system, a defect online removal system and a control center;

step 4, checking and ensuring that the equipment runs normally, and controlling the state of a circuit, a light path, a cooling water path and a gas path to be good;

step 5, setting technological parameters including laser power, spot diameter, workpiece rotation rate, powder feeding rate, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic frequency, online detection sampling frequency, time step length and scanning direction;

step 6, starting laser cladding operation and simultaneously carrying out ultrasonic impact operation;

step 7, performing online quality detection operation, and detecting crack defects of the metal deposition layer;

step 8, if no defect exists, continuing laser cladding until completion;

step 9, if the metal deposition layer has defects, stopping the operation, and automatically generating a defect processing scheme by the data processing module;

and step 10, removing the metal deposition layer containing the defects, and cladding again.