阅读说明：本技术 具有壁厚可变的管状分离件的电断路开关元件 (Circuit breaker element with a tubular separating element having a variable wall thickness ) 是由 P·莱尔 于 2020-02-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及具有壁厚可变的管状分离件的电断路开关元件,尤其是用于断开高电压下大电流的电断路开关元件,其具有包围限定经过断路开关元件的电流路径的接触单元的壳体,其中接触单元具有第一和第二连接触点以及断开区,其中接触单元被设计成使得它能经由第一连接触点被供应电流并能经由第二连接触点从其输出电流,或反之,其中断开区被设计成管状件,其轴向延伸方向沿着轴线X延伸,其中该管状件沿着垂直于轴线X的平面能被分为两个部分,由此第一与第二连接触点之间的电流被中断,其中该管状件沿轴线X的延伸方向具有两个对置的端部区域,其特征是,该管状件在两个端部区域之间的一区域内具有最小壁厚,该最小壁厚分别朝向所述端部区域增大。(The invention relates to a circuit breaker element with a tubular separating part having a variable wall thickness, in particular for breaking large currents at high voltages, having a housing which encloses a contact unit which defines a current path through the circuit breaker element, wherein the contact unit has a first and a second connecting contact and a breaking region, wherein the contact unit is designed such that it can be supplied with current via the first connecting contact and can be supplied with current via the second connecting contact, or vice versa, wherein the breaking region is designed as a tubular element whose axial extension extends along an axis X, wherein the tubular element can be divided into two parts along a plane perpendicular to the axis X, as a result of which the current between the first and the second connecting contact is interrupted, wherein the tubular element has two opposite end regions in the direction of extension of the axis X, characterized in that the tubular element has a minimum wall thickness in a region between the two end regions, the minimum wall thickness increases towards the end regions, respectively.)

1. A circuit breaker element (1), in particular for breaking large currents at high voltages,

(a) the circuit-breaking switching element (1) has a housing (2) which surrounds a contact unit (3) which defines a current path through the circuit-breaking switching element (1), and

(b) wherein the contact unit (3) has a first connection contact (4) and a second connection contact (5) and a disconnection region (6),

(c) wherein the contact unit (3) is designed such that the contact unit (3) can be supplied with current via the first connecting contact (4) and can output current from the contact unit (3) via the second connecting contact (5), or vice versa,

(d) wherein the disconnection zone (6) is designed as a tubular element, the axial extension of which extends along an axis (X), wherein the tubular element can be divided into two parts along a plane perpendicular to the axis (X), whereby the current flow between the first connection contact point (4) and the second connection contact point (5) is interrupted,

(e) wherein the tubular element has two opposite end regions in the direction of extension of the axis (X),

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

(f) the tubular element has a minimum wall thickness in the region between the end regions, which minimum wall thickness increases in each case towards the end regions.

2. The circuit breaker element (1) of claim 1 wherein said wall thickness tapers towards said end region.

3. The circuit-breaking switching element (1) according to claim 2, wherein the increase in wall thickness extends in a mirror-symmetrical manner towards the end region, wherein a mirror plane is arranged perpendicular to the axis (X) in the region of the minimum wall thickness.

4. The circuit-breaking switching element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one chamber (7) within the circuit-breaking switching element (1), which is at least partially delimited by the breaking area (6), is filled with a fire extinguishing agent, so that the breaking area (6) is in contact with the fire extinguishing agent.

5. The circuit-breaking switching element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the circuit-breaking switching element has a push-in reflector (9), the push-in reflector (9) being movable from an initial position to a final position, wherein an insulation distance between the first connection contact (4) and the second connection contact (5) is reached at the final position of the push-in reflector (9).

6. The circuit-breaking switching element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the circuit-breaking switching element (1) comprises an activatable material (10), the activatable material (10) being arranged such that upon ignition of the activatable material (10) the breaking region (6) is subjected to a gas pressure or shock wave generated by the activatable material (10) such that the breaking region (6) is torn, crushed or broken.

7. The circuit-breaking switching element (1) according to claim 6, wherein the push-on reflector (9) is designed such that the push-on reflector (9) is subjected to a gas pressure or a shock wave generated by the activatable material (10) when the activatable material (10) is ignited, so that the push-on reflector (9) moves in a direction of movement within the housing (2) from the initial position to the final position and simultaneously causes the breaking region (6) to be torn, crushed or broken.

8. The circuit-breaking switching element (1) according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the breaking zone (6), the propelling reflector (9) and the extinguishing agent are designed such that the breaking zone (6) can be divided into at least two parts by an input current when a threshold current intensity is exceeded, wherein an arc occurring between the two parts of the breaking zone (6) vaporizes the extinguishing agent, thereby generating a gas pressure which is applied to the propelling reflector (9), wherein the propelling reflector (9) is moved in one direction of movement within the housing (2) from the initial position to the final position.

9. The circuit-breaking switching element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the breaking zone (6) has a theoretical breaking point (11), the theoretical breaking point (11) preferably being in the form of a hole through the wall of the tubular piece.

10. The circuit breaker element according to one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the contact unit (3) has an upsetting zone (12) which is designed such that it is upset when the push-on reflector (9) is moved from the initial position to the final position, wherein the upsetting zone is designed as a tubular or rod-shaped piece, the axial extension direction of which extends along an axis (X), wherein the tubular or rod-shaped piece has one or more constrictions in its cross-sectional diameter, wherein the cross-sectional diameter is in a plane perpendicular to the axis (X).

Technical Field

The invention relates to a circuit breaker switching element, in particular for breaking large currents at high voltages.

Background

Such circuit breaker elements are used, for example, in power plant technology and KFZ technology, such as in the usual machine and electrical structures of switchgear cabinets for machines and devices, and in the electric sector in electric and hybrid vehicles, but can also be used in electric helicopters and aircraft to quickly disconnect a high-current circuit in an emergency situation. The switching element is required to be free from hot gases, particles, lumps or plasma. In addition, such a switching element should ensure insulation resistance after disconnection.

Other fields of application are the electrical isolation of components from the vehicle electrical system for short-circuit situations in the relevant components, for example in vertical electrothermal devices or electric brakes, and the emergency shut-off of lithium batteries, as they have hitherto been used in electric and hybrid vehicles and aircraft. The battery has a terminal voltage of up to 1200V at a very low internal resistance, while the structural volume is small. Both of these lead to possible short-circuit currents of up to 5000A, sometimes even instantaneously up to 30kA, but at this time do not lead to a breakdown of the supply voltage, which may lead to the battery igniting or exploding after a few seconds. The disconnection switching element proposed here is well suited for emergency disconnection of individual solar modules or of the entire solar field in the event of an emergency, since it can be designed to be controllable or can be controlled remotely.

All the applications described here are generally dc-switched off, which, unlike ac current, does not have a zero crossing. Normally, only the operating voltage is applied to the disconnection switching element. However, at the moment when the direct current circuit is broken in the disconnection switching element, the voltage rises significantly as a result of the breakdown of the magnetic field of the external current circuit, so that an arc usually occurs between the two separate terminals of the disconnection switching element. In order to generate an arc, a relatively high voltage is generally required. But much lower voltages are sufficient for sustaining, which is generally the case at the usual operating voltage of about 450 volts.

In order to extinguish the arc also after the voltage peak has dropped to the operating voltage, switching elements have been used which have a contact tube with a breaking region in the form of a hollow cylinder which is completely split, melted or broken along its cross section in order to open the circuit and which mechanically move the two ends of the cylinder away from one another. For the purpose of splitting or breaking the hollow cylinder, an activatable drive element is usually used, which is located in the hollow space of the hollow cylinder. It is, however, to be sure that, as a result of the ignition of the activatable drive or as a result of the occurrence of an arc and the associated pressure build-up caused by the vaporization of the surrounding quenching medium, a relatively large portion of the disconnection region is often torn open, and then in the remaining part of the disconnection element, a short circuit may be triggered as a result of the undesired bridging of the two voltage-conducting regions.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this prior art, the present invention is based on the object of providing a disconnection switching element, in particular for disconnecting high direct currents at high voltages, in which as far as possible no or only a small amount (if any) of debris, which could cause short circuits, is released internally when the disconnection switching element is moved from the on position into the off position.

The disconnection switching element according to the invention can be pivoted from the on position into the off position. If the circuit breaking switching element according to the invention is integrated into a circuit, the circuit is closed in the conducting position. In the open position, the circuit is interrupted. The disconnection switch element according to the invention has a housing which encloses a contact unit which defines a current path through the disconnection switch element, i.e. the contact unit is enclosed by the housing. The contact unit has first and second connection contacts and a disconnection region. The contact unit is designed such that it can receive current via the first connecting contact and can output current therefrom via the second connecting contact, or vice versa. The disconnection region is designed as a tubular element, the axial extension of which extends along an axis X, wherein the tubular element can be divided into two parts along a plane perpendicular to the axis X, whereby the current flow between the first connection contact and the second connection contact is interrupted. The tubular element has two opposite ends along the extension of the axis X.

The circuit breaker element according to the invention is characterized in that the tubular part has a minimum wall thickness in the region between the ends, which minimum wall thickness increases in each case towards the ends, wherein preferably regions of the tubular part are excluded in which the cross section increases in the radial direction towards the ends (hereinafter referred to as "radially extending cross-section transition regions"). In other words, the tubular part has a region of reduced wall thickness between the ends, in particular not only between the ends, but also in the region between the radially extending cross-sectional transitions. That is, the tubular member preferably has a minimum wall thickness in the region between the radially extending cross-sectional transitions adjacent the respective end, the minimum wall thickness increasing gradually towards the cross-sectional transitions, respectively.

Due to the increased wall thickness, unlike in the case of a wall thickness which remains unchanged, a fracture of the disconnection region section can be avoided to the greatest extent when transitioning from the on position to the off position, so that there is no larger electrically conductive section in the disconnection switching element for electrically connecting the undesired region. The risk of an internal short circuit occurring in the disconnection switching element according to the invention can in this way be minimized or even completely prevented.

Whereby no substantial part tears open from the tubular connection, but the material is in the broken position approximately curled or rolled towards the larger wall thickness or end, so that it remains on the tubular element end also after separation.

The tubular element preferably has an annular closed cross section, which is preferably perpendicular to the axial extension direction (axis X). The cross-section may have any shape, such as circular, elliptical, any ring with or without one or more corners, triangular, tetragonal, pentagonal, hexagonal or polygonal, wherein a circular cross-section is preferred.

The increase in wall thickness may be continuous or discontinuous in the axial extension of the tubular element, i.e. stepped, for example, where it preferably increases continuously. The successive increments may be made linearly or progressively. Preferably, the wall thickness increases conically towards the ends of the tubular element. It is also preferred that the tubular member is designed so that it has a cross-section of the same shape in any plane perpendicular to the axis X. Furthermore, the wall thickness can be different or identical in both directions up to the cross section of the end of the tubular part, i.e. extend in a mirror-symmetrical manner, wherein the mirror surface is arranged perpendicular to the axis X in the region of the smallest wall thickness. The invention preferably increases mirror symmetry in both directions, as this will have a large effect in avoiding the split. It is also preferred that the cross-sectional transitions extend radially up to the respective end of the tubular element, i.e. with a defined radius, in order to avoid excessive notch stresses occurring there, which could undesirably break or disconnect the tubular element at this point, in particular under mechanical or vibrational loading of the component or the connection.

The region of minimum wall thickness of the tubular member may be designed as a region of constant wall thickness. In this case, it is preferred that the cross-sectional transition from the region of minimal wall thickness to the region of increased wall thickness extends in the radial direction, i.e. has a defined radius. In one embodiment, such a region of constant wall thickness can also be dispensed with, i.e. a plurality of regions of increased wall thickness which adjoin one another in the region of minimal wall thickness, preferably also with radially extending cross-sectional transitions.

The two opposite ends of the tubular element preferably each merge into a flange which extends towards the housing and perpendicularly to the axis X.

In one design, the circuit interrupting switching element of the present invention has at least one chamber that is at least partially defined by an interrupting region. The at least one chamber is preferably filled with a fire suppressant, such that the disconnection area contacts the fire suppressant. The at least one chamber is preferably located in the cavity of the tubular member of the break-away zone, i.e. surrounded by the break-away zone. In addition, the disconnection switching element according to the invention can have a further chamber which adjoins the outer region of the tubular part of the disconnection region. In other words, the tubular member delimits the at least one chamber from the other chamber. The further chamber is preferably delimited at its outer periphery by the housing of the disconnection switch element. The further chamber is also preferably filled with a fire extinguishing agent.

However, it is also possible to dispense with filling the cavity of the tubular element, in which case only the other chamber outside the tubular connection is filled with extinguishing agent. However, in the case of very small current interruption in combination with very small circuit inductances, the extinguishing agent can also be dispensed with completely, in which case the surrounding air is then sufficient for the interruption process.

The extinguishing agent may be a solid, powdered or fluid medium. The extinguishing agent is preferably a vaporizable or vaporizable medium (e.g., boric acid, powder phase changes from powder to gas under the action of an electric arc where it absorbs energy and thus depletes the electric arc). The extinguishing agent is preferably a fluid medium which completely or partially changes into the gaseous state when the boiling point or the gasification temperature is reached. It is also preferred that the extinguishing agent also has good electrical insulation properties, so that the arc can be extinguished after the two separate parts of the disconnection zone are sufficiently far apart, and subsequently sufficient insulation against subsequent undesired current flow is achieved between the separate contacts. The fire extinguishing agent is preferably an oil with or without a thickener such as silicone oil, or a silane or polysiloxane such as hexasilane or pentasilane with as little or better no carbon atom weight.

In one embodiment, the circuit breaker element according to the invention has a push-in reflector which can be moved from an initial position into a final position, wherein in the final position of the push-in reflector an insulation distance between the first and second connection contacts is obtained. The pushing reflector has the task of separating the two separate parts of the breaking zone from each other by performing a mechanical movement by applying pressure, which mechanical movement separates one part of the broken-off breaking zone from the other part of the broken-off breaking zone. In this way, a safety distance is established between the two separate portions of the break-off area.

The triggering of the disconnection switching element according to the invention, i.e. the triggering of the transition from the on position to the off position, can be effected in a passive manner or in an active manner.

If the triggering of the circuit breaker element according to the invention is to be actively effected, it is preferred that the circuit breaker element contains an activatable material. The activatable material is preferably arranged such that upon ignition of the pyrotechnic material, the rupture zone is subjected to a gas pressure or shock wave generated by the activatable material, causing the rupture zone to tear, snap or rupture. The push reflector is preferably designed such that, when the activatable material is ignited, it is subjected to the gas pressure or shock wave generated thereby, so that the push reflector moves in the housing in one direction of movement from the initial position into the final position, with the break-away zone being torn off, pressed apart or broken.

The activatable material may be a pyrotechnic material that acts as a detonation or deflagration. The pyrotechnic material is present in the circuit breaker element according to the invention, preferably in a so-called mini-detonator or primer or cake igniter, but may also be incorporated in other forms.

If the triggering of the circuit-breaking switching element according to the invention should be effected passively, i.e. without the need for an activatable material to initially break the breaking zone, it is preferred that the breaking zone, the push reflector and the extinguishing agent are designed such that the breaking zone can be divided into at least two parts by supplying an electric current which heats up above the melting point of the connecting piece material when a threshold current intensity is exceeded, wherein an arc occurring between the two parts of the breaking zone vaporizes the extinguishing agent, thereby generating a gas pressure which is applied to the push reflector, which in turn moves in one direction of movement from an initial position to a final position.

In addition, the break-away zone can also have one or more theoretical breaking points, which can be in the form of constrictions, cuts, slots or holes. The theoretical breaking point is preferably in the form of a hole through the wall of the tubular member of the breaking zone. Thus, the aperture communicates the at least one chamber with another chamber. In this way, it is easy to fill the extinguishing medium into at least one chamber within the tubular element when manufacturing the circuit breaker element of the invention.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the contact unit can have an upsetting press zone. The upsetting zone may be designed to enclose the other chamber. The upset region is designed such that it is upset during the breaking of the breaking region. Preferably, the material of the upsetting zone is a material that is well deformable and possibly also soft annealed in order to improve the bending properties of the upsetting zone. The upsetting zone can be designed in terms of material and shape in such a way that the wall of the upsetting zone is bent, preferably in a meandering manner, as a result of the upsetting movement.

In one embodiment of the invention, the upsetting zone can be designed such that it is upset when the push reflector is moved from the initial position into the final position, wherein the upsetting zone is preferably designed as a tubular or rod-shaped element, the axial extension of which extends along the axis X, wherein the tubular or rod-shaped element can have one or more constrictions in its cross-sectional diameter, wherein the cross-sectional diameter is defined perpendicular to the axis X. That is, the upset region may be in the form of a tubular as the break-away region of the connection. All preferred embodiments in respect of the tubular member of the breaking zone are also applicable to the tubular member of the upsetting zone. However, the upset region can also be designed as a rod-shaped part, the outer surface of which can in principle extend exactly as it would have been designed as a tubular part. In other words, the rod-shaped element can have a plurality of constrictions with respect to its cross-sectional diameter. By means of the linear or stepped change in the wall thickness or diameter in the X-axis direction of the upset region, too severe cracking of the material with a corresponding crushing action can be prevented. In this way, the occurrence of debris can be avoided. By means of one or more constrictions, unlike the case in which the cross section remains constant along the axis X, a fracture of the upset region can be largely prevented from tearing open when passing from the on position to the off position, so that the separated contacts of the disconnection switch element are not brought into conductive contact with respect to the housing and thus a short circuit does not occur in the switch.

This is advantageous or significant, in particular, when using materials for the connecting element which are not as ductile as E-copper, which is generally used here. For example, in order to produce aluminum as the material for the connecting element, it is necessary to use hard aluminum, which will break into small pieces immediately during the bending process, even after the softening annealing of the connecting element after its manufacture.

The indicated change in the cross section in the upsetting press zone is therefore selected such that the length L of the upsetting press zone can be lengthened or made use of until the upsetting press zone is bent, not upset, due to the pressure load, which is completely undesirable here:

according to the fourth Euler buckling condition (buckling bars clamped at both ends and applying a compressive load to the bars), here with respect to F_krit＝4*pi²/L²E I calculating the critical buckling load, the clamping length at this time is L, the elastic modulus of the rod material is E and the shaft of the rod cross sectionThe in-plane moment of inertia is I. When a critical buckling load is reached, the rod bends centrally here, bulges if it is a hollow body, which is completely undesirable here and should be reliably avoided, since the contacts of the disconnector can thereby short-circuit to the housing and bypass the insulation.

On the other hand, it is desirable to have as large a upset length L as possible in order to be able to plastically transform as much energy as possible that is input into the assembly/disconnect switch.

The useful upsetting length L is roughly divided into a plurality of smaller upsetting sections by the indicated cross-sectional change in the upsetting zone, whose upsetting zone is then predetermined by the cross-sectional change.

In the sense, the above procedure applies to all upsets, whether their cross-section is completely filled (here only buckling occurs) or whether a tube-like upset is present (here buckling and bulging may occur).

According to one design of the invention, the further chamber of the upsetting zone can also be completely filled with extinguishing agent. In this case, it is preferred that a communication means in the form of a channel is present between the further chamber and the at least one chamber. By the movement of the propelling reflector and/or the upsetting process of the upsetting zone, the volume of the further chamber is reduced such that the extinguishing agent is sprayed through the passage between the at least two portions of the breaking zone. As a result, the extinguishing medium can be pressed from the other chambers into the at least one chamber via the channel during the upsetting operation and inhibits or further effectively cools an arc which may still occur at the disconnection point. At the same time, the extinguishing medium which may have partially decomposed in the at least one chamber is diluted by the newly introduced extinguishing medium, so that the insulating properties of the extinguishing medium are also improved. It may also be preferred in this design of the invention that only one chamber and also the other chamber and the associated channel are filled with fire extinguishing agent. It may be preferred here that the further chamber is not filled with extinguishing agent.

Other embodiments of the invention emerge from the dependent claims. The features of the circuit breaker element according to the invention described in the preceding embodiments can be combined with one another according to the invention, as long as they are not mutually exclusive.

Drawings

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings. All features described separately in the figures can also be used independently of one another in the disconnection switching element according to the invention, as long as they are technically possible.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a circuit breaker element according to the invention before the breaking of the breaking region (conducting position), which is in the form of a tubular part with a varying wall thickness.

Fig. 2a and 2b show a detail of a contact unit of the circuit breaker element according to the invention in the area of the disconnection area.

Fig. 3a and 3b show a detail of a contact unit of a circuit breaker element according to the invention in the region of the upset region.

List of reference numerals

1 flanges on the upset region of the circuit-breaking switching element 13 for applying pressure by pushing in the reflector

2 flanges on the upset region of the housing 14

3-contact unit 15 flange on break-off area

4 first connecting point 17 upset zone flange

5 diameter of the second connection contact d hole

6 run-out of the upset region L in the X-direction

Extension of the 7-Chamber L2 upset region in the X-axis direction

8 radius of transition region of cross section of another chamber R1-R5

9 thickness of minimum wall thickness region of push reflector s

10 the length of the cylindrical region of activatable material T within the upset region having the smallest wall thickness

12 upset areas w1-w4 with linearly increasing wall thickness

Length of cylindrical region of X-axis X z having minimal wall thickness within the break-off region

Detailed Description

The embodiment of the disconnection switching element 1 according to the invention shown in fig. 1 comprises a housing 2 in which a contact unit 3 is arranged. The housing 2 is designed such that it can withstand the pressure occurring in the housing 2 (which occurs, for example, when the pyrotechnics of the circuit breaker element 1 triggers), without the risk of damage or even cracking. The housing 2 can in particular be made of a suitable material, preferably steel. The contact unit 3 is designed in the embodiment shown in the form of a switching tube which can be pressed by the push-on reflector 9 in the upsetting zone 12, so that it is tubular in the disconnection zone 6 and the upsetting zone 12. The contact unit 3 has a first connection point 4 in the embodiment shown. A radially outwardly extending flange, which is supported on an annular insulating part made of insulating material, for example plastic, in such a way that the contact unit 3 cannot be axially displaced out of the housing 2, adjoins the first connection point 4. The contact unit 3 has an upset region 12 which meets the flange on the axis of the contact unit 3. The wall thickness of the contact unit in the upset region 12 having a predetermined axial extent is selected and adapted to the material in such a way that, upon activation of the circuit breaker element 1, the upset region 12 is shortened by a predetermined distance in the axial direction as a result of plastic deformation of the contact unit 3 in the upset region 12.

In the axial direction of the contact unit 3, a flange 13 is connected to the upsetting zone 12, on which flange the thrust reflector 9 rests in the exemplary embodiment shown. The push reflector 9 is designed as an electrically insulating element, for example made of a suitable plastic, preferably a ceramic material. It surrounds the contact unit 3 in such a way that the insulating region of the push-in reflector 9 is inserted between the outer circumferential surface of the collar 13 and the inner wall of the housing 2. If pressure is applied to the surface of the push reflector 9, a force is generated which presses the pressing region 12 of the contact unit 3 by means of the flange 13. The force is selected such that during the triggering of the disconnecting switch element 1, a pressure is applied to the pressure application region 12, at which point the push-in reflector 9 moves from its initial position (the state before the triggering of the disconnecting switch element 1, i.e., the on position) into its final position (the off position, after the switching process has ended).

As shown in fig. 1, the thrust reflector 9 can be selected such that its outer diameter substantially corresponds to the inner diameter of the housing 2, so that an axially guided and thus also an axially guided upsetting movement of the flange 13 is obtained during the switching process.

After the pressing operation, the insulation and the projection of the pushing reflector 9 close to the housing 2 are completely staggered, so that the folded-up upset region 12, which is folded in a meandering manner after the triggering and upsetting operations, is completely surrounded by the electrically insulating material.

The breaking zone 6 is connected to the pushing reflector 9 or the flange 13 of the contact unit 3. Then, a second connecting contact 5 is connected to the contact unit 3.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the push-in reflector 9 is pushed onto the contact unit 3 from the connection contact 5 side when the disconnection switch element 1 is installed. The second connection contacts 5 are separated for this purpose (not shown). If the second connecting contact 5 is not separated or, as shown, is integral with the contact unit 3, the push-on reflector 9 must be injected or formed in multiple parts in order to be able to carry out its mounting.

In the region of the second connection contact 5, in the axial end of the contact unit 3, an activatable material 10 can be provided, which is often also mounted in a miniature detonator or a firing screw (drive element). The electrical connection lines for the drive element can be led out through recesses in the interior of the contact unit 3. The drive member is preferably arranged in a chamber 7 in the tubular member of the disconnection zone 6. The other chamber 8 is located between the outer wall of the disconnection zone 6 and the housing 2.

The breaking zone 6 is dimensioned such that it is at least partially broken, but preferably completely broken, by the gas pressure generated by the drive member or the shock wave generated, so that said pressure or shock wave can also propagate from the chamber 7 to the outer chamber 8, which is preferably designed as a surrounding annular chamber. The chambers 7, 8 communicate with each other in this way to form a volume. The internal pressure required for the upsetting of the contact element 3 can also be generated in such a way that, at a defined threshold current level, the break-off zone 6 melts and forms an arc between them, which vaporizes the extinguishing agent located in the chamber 7 and/or the chamber 8. In order to facilitate the cracking, the wall of the contact unit 3 may also have one or more indentations or holes and/or grooves (not shown in fig. 1) in the breaking zone 6. In this case, it is to be ensured that the material of the disconnection region 6 switches off the operating current well, i.e. should not be too hot in view of heat dissipation, so that the material does not age too rapidly or too strongly.

That is, when the disconnecting switch element 1 is activated, a pressure or even a shock wave is generated on the side of the push-in reflector 9 facing away from the upset region 12, as a result of which the push-in reflector 9 is subjected to a corresponding axial force. The axial force is selected by appropriately dimensioning the activatable material 10 such that the contact unit 3 is plastically deformed or pressed in within the upset region 12, but is not split, and subsequently urges the reflector 9 towards the first connection point 4. The activatable material 10 is dimensioned here such that, after the break-off region 6 has been broken off or pressed, the movement of the push reflector 9 causes the two half-parts to move far enough apart and then to reach the final position in cooperation with the evaporation of the extinguishing agent.

That is, the severance region 6 is at least partially ruptured or stressed, preferably completely ruptured, immediately following activation of the activatable material 10. If the fracture or compression is not carried out over the entire extent of the break-away zone 6 before the axial movement of the push-in reflector 9 begins, the remaining part of the break-away zone 6 which still causes the electrical contact is completely broken away by the axial movement of the push-in reflector 9, which is intensified by the ensuing very rapid heating of only a small remaining cross section of the conductor by the high current flowing through it.

The disconnecting switch element 1 according to fig. 1 has in principle the same design as the disconnecting switch element shown in fig. 1 from DE102017123021a1, with the difference that the disconnection area 6 is not a tubular part with a continuously uniform wall thickness, but rather has a minimum wall thickness in a region between the flange-side ends, which increases in each case towards the flange-side ends. In fig. 1, the wall thickness increases substantially linearly, and the two regions of increased wall thickness are designed mirror-symmetrically to one another, as is also shown, for example, in fig. 2 b.

Fig. 2a and 2b show the partial region of the contact unit 3 in which the disconnection region and the adjoining flanges 14, 15 are located. The length L is the extension of the break-off zone in the direction of the axis X. The breaking zone has a minimum wall thickness region which increases in the direction of the flange-side end, i.e. towards the ends 14, 15, respectively. The radii R1, R2 are the radii of the cross-sectional transition between the break-away zone and the adjoining flanges 14, 15. Radius R3 in fig. 2b is the radius of the cross-sectional transition region between the region of minimum wall thickness to the region of increased wall thickness. The same applies for the radii R4, R5 in fig. 2 a. As shown in fig. 2a, the region of minimal wall thickness may also be cylindrical over a length z and only then transition to the region of increased wall thickness. While figure 2b shows an embodiment where no columnar areas are present. The thickness s in fig. 2a represents the minimum wall thickness in the cylindrical region. As shown in fig. 2a, the angles w3 and w4 may be different, i.e. the increase in wall thickness towards the two flange-side ends of the breaking zone is not necessarily the same on both sides. The increase in wall thickness can also be effected in the direction of the two flange-side ends of the break-off region, as is shown in fig. 2 b. Here, the angles w1 and w2 are therefore equally large. Fig. 2a shows a hole with a diameter d as the theoretical breaking point 11 in the breaking zone.

Fig. 3a and 3b show the partial region of the contact unit 3 in which the upsetting press zone 12 and the flanges 13 and 17 adjoining it are present. The length L2 is the extension of the upset in the direction of axis X. The upsetting zone has a minimum wall thickness zone which increases towards the flange-side end, i.e. towards the flanges 13, 17, respectively. Radii R1, R2 are the radii of the cross-sectional transition between the upset region and the adjoining flanges. Radius R3 in fig. 3 is the radius of the cross-sectional transition from the region of minimum wall thickness to the region of increased wall thickness. As shown in fig. 3b, the region of minimal wall thickness may also be cylindrical over a length t and only then transition to the region of increased wall thickness or the region of reduced wall thickness. Whereas the embodiment shown in figure 3a does not have a columnar area. The thickness s again indicates the minimum wall thickness in the cylindrical region. As shown in fig. 3, the angles w3 and w4 may also be different (not shown here), i.e. the increase in wall thickness of the two flange-side ends towards the upsetting zone is not necessarily the same on both sides. The wall thickness increase can also be made equally with both flange side ends towards the upsetting zone, as shown in fig. 3. Here, the angles w1 and w2 are therefore equally large.