阅读说明：本技术 一种虎姿态标本皮张处理装置及处理方法 (Tiger attitude specimen skin processing device and processing method ) 是由 罗文寿 何桂武 李维薇 孙羽 于 2020-06-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于标本制备技术领域,公开了一种虎姿态标本皮张处理装置及处理方法,水铲机用于去除皮板上残留的肌肉、脂肪和皮下疏松结蹄组织；削匀机用于使待处理样本厚薄均匀；转鼓用于调控浸渍液温度,同时通过转动将加入浸泡液内的各种化工材料搅拌均匀；甩干机,用于甩干待处理样本上的浸渍液；转笼用于通过转动摔软待处理样本,清除待处理样本上的木糠、灰尘；木转鼓用于待处理样本毛皮干洗、上光亮剂,摔软待处理样本。本发明能制作出动物的细节,使得形态逼真,而且毛色自然鲜亮,不易生虫和腐烂、不易变形、易保存性。同时为其它动物姿态标本的皮张处理提供参考。(The invention belongs to the technical field of specimen preparation, and discloses a tiger posture specimen skin treatment device and a treatment method, wherein a water shovel is used for removing residual muscle, fat and subcutaneous loose and knotted hoof tissues on a skin plate; the shaving machine is used for enabling the thickness of the sample to be processed to be uniform; the rotary drum is used for regulating and controlling the temperature of the soaking liquid, and simultaneously stirring various chemical materials added into the soaking liquid uniformly by rotation; the drying machine is used for drying the impregnation liquid on the sample to be treated; the rotating cage is used for rotating and softening the sample to be treated and removing sawdust and dust on the sample to be treated; the wood rotary drum is used for dry cleaning and polishing the fur of the sample to be treated, and softening the sample to be treated. The invention can produce the details of animals, ensures vivid shape, natural and bright hair color, is not easy to generate and rot insects, is not easy to deform and has easy preservation. And meanwhile, a reference is provided for the hide processing of other animal posture samples.)

1. A tiger posture specimen hide processing apparatus, characterized in that, tiger posture specimen hide processing apparatus includes:

the water shovel machine is used for removing residual muscle, fat and subcutaneous loose and knotted hoof tissues on the dermatome;

the shaving machine is used for enabling the thickness of the sample to be processed to be uniform;

rotating the drum: the device is used for regulating and controlling the temperature of the steeping liquor and stirring various chemical materials added into the steeping liquor uniformly by rotation; for supplying the sample to be treated with appropriate mechanical beating, loosening of the hide plate fibres;

the drying machine is used for drying the impregnation liquid on the sample to be treated;

the rotating cage is used for rotating and softening the sample to be treated and removing sawdust and dust on the sample to be treated;

the wood rotary drum is used for dry cleaning and polishing the fur of the sample to be treated and softening the sample to be treated.

2. The tiger posture specimen hide processing method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

firstly, performing oil scraping, cleaning, disinfecting and antiseptic treatment on a specimen to be treated;

step two, soaking in the soaking solution, removing, soaking again, degreasing, softening, pickling, tanning and wet finishing;

and step three, after wet finishing, carrying out rotation, airing, oil brushing, secondary rotation, shaving, tertiary rotation, airing and quaternary rotation finishing to obtain the tiger posture specimen.

3. The method for processing the tiger posture specimen hide, as recited in claim 2, wherein the first step further comprises:

(1) oil scraping: performing oil scraping treatment by using a water shovel machine and a shaving machine;

(2) cleaning: rinsing with clear water, then optionally soaking with washing powder, soap powder, detergent or other washing solution in water for 10-15 min, washing with soft water, rinsing with clear water, and spin-drying with a spin dryer;

removing oil stains by using sawdust;

(3) sterilizing, namely adjusting the temperature of the prepared sterilization impregnation liquid to 30-35 ℃ by using temperature control equipment, and rotating the rotary drum for 35-40 hours; spin-drying; then neutralizing with 2.9-3.1% sodium carbonate solution for 1.5-2 hours; spin-drying;

(4) and (3) corrosion prevention: soaking the prepared antiseptic steeping liquor for 16-24 hours, supplementing salt every 6 hours, and rotating the rotary drum for 3-5 minutes after supplementing salt every time;

after soaking, controlling water for 24-48 hours, then spreading on a wood board, adding salt accounting for 20-25% of the weight of a sample to be treated and boric acid accounting for 1-1.5% of the weight of the sample to be treated, mixing and then spreading on a leather board.

4. The method for processing the tiger posture specimen hide, according to claim 3, wherein in the step (3), the method for preparing the disinfection immersion liquid comprises:

adding hydrochloric acid and salt into tap water which is 10-12 times of the weight of a sample to be treated according to the proportion of 2-2.5 ml/L of hydrochloric acid and 10-15 g/L of salt, adding the mixed solution into a rotary drum, and rotating the rotary drum to uniformly stir various chemical materials to obtain the disinfection steeping fluid.

5. The method for processing the tiger posture specimen hide, according to claim 3, wherein in the step (4), the preparation method of the antiseptic dipping solution comprises the following steps:

adding salt into tap water 4-5 times the weight of a sample to be treated according to the proportion of 25-26g/l, adding the mixed solution into a rotary drum, and rotating the rotary drum to uniformly stir various chemical materials to obtain the preservative dipping solution.

6. The method for processing the tiger posture specimen hide as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the second step, the wet finishing comprises:

1) soaking, namely, the prepared soaking liquid with the temperature adjusted to be 28-30 ℃ and the sample skin to be treated are put into a rotary drum, the rotary drum is rotated for 3-5 minutes every half hour, the rotating speed is 10-15 revolutions every 15 minutes, and the time duration is 3-5 hours; spin-drying for 30-40 min; loosening fibers preliminarily;

2) removing: fat removal is carried out by using a water shovel machine and a scalpel or other tools at a small area; then, shaving by a shaving machine;

3) re-soaking: placing the removed sample to be processed into the steeping liquor in the rotary drum for secondary soaking treatment, rotating the rotary drum for 3-5 minutes every half hour at the rotating speed of 10-15 revolutions every 15 minutes for 3-5 hours, and drying for 30-40 minutes by using a drying machine;

4) degreasing: putting a sample to be treated into degreasing liquid with the temperature adjusted to 35-38 ℃ in a rotary drum for degreasing, rotating the rotary drum for 3-5 minutes every 15 minutes, rotating at the speed of 15-20 revolutions every 15 minutes, and degreasing for 2-3 hours; spin-drying for 40-60 min;

5) softening and pickling: for removing the fibrous interstitium and loosening the collagen fibers; the elastic fiber and the muscle tissue in the leather plate are damaged, so that the leather plate is soft; decomposing the fat tissue in the skin, and adjusting the pH value of the fiber of the dermatome;

6) tanning, for reacting with collagen by means of a tanning agent capable of binding to collagen of the skin and of producing a cross-linking and suturing action between the peptide chains, to form new cross-links between the collagen peptide chains.

7. The method for processing the tiger posture specimen hide, according to claim 6, wherein in the step 1), the method for preparing the immersion liquid comprises:

adding salt, penetrant and formaldehyde into water which is 10-15 times of the weight of a sample to be treated according to the proportion of 30-50g of salt per liter of water, 1-2ml of degreasing agent per liter of water, 1-2ml of penetrant per liter of water and 0.5-1ml of formaldehyde per liter of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain the soaking impregnation liquid;

in step 4), the preparation method of the degreasing fluid comprises the following steps:

adding edible salt, degreasing agent, penetrating agent and alkali into water which is 10-15 times of the weight of a sample to be treated according to the proportion of 30-40g of edible salt per liter of water, 2.5-3.5 ml/L of degreasing agent per liter of water, 1.5-2.5 ml/L of penetrating agent per liter of water and 0.5-1 g/L of alkali per liter of water, and mixing uniformly to obtain the degreasing solution.

8. The method for processing the tiger posture specimen hide, according to claim 6, wherein in the step 5), the softening and pickling method comprises the following steps:

5.1) preparing softening impregnation liquid: adding edible salt, formic acid, lactic acid, degreasing agent and penetrating agent into water which is 10-15 times of the weight of the skin according to the proportion of 45-50g of edible salt per liter of water, 1-1.5ml of formic acid per liter of water, 1-1.5ml of lactic acid per liter of water, 1.5-2.5ml of degreasing agent per liter of water and 1.5-2.5ml of penetrating agent per liter of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain softening impregnation liquid;

5.2) putting the prepared softened steeping fluid into a rotary drum, adjusting the temperature of the steeping fluid to 32-38 ℃, then adding the skin into the rotary drum, rotating for 3-5 minutes, and standing for 10 minutes;

5.3) adding the prime wave enzyme and the SR enzyme into the dipping solution of the rotary drum according to the proportion that the prime wave enzyme is 2.5-23.5ml per liter of water and the SR enzyme is 0.5-1ml per liter of water, rotating the rotary drum for 2-3 minutes every half hour, and rotating the rotary drum for 8-10 revolutions every 15 minutes; rotating for 2-4 h;

5.4) adding the formic acid and the fatting agent into the rotary drum impregnation liquid according to the proportion that 3.8-4.2l of formic acid is added per liter of water and 2-2.5ml of fatting agent is added per liter of water, rotating the rotary drum for 2-3 minutes every half hour, rotating at the speed of 8-10 revolutions every 15 minutes for 24-48 hours;

5.5) taking out the sample to be treated after the treatment is finished, and drying the sample by using a drying machine for 60-80 minutes.

9. The method for processing the tiger posture specimen hide as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step 6), the tanning comprises:

6.1) preparing tanning soaking liquid: adding edible salt, formic acid, degreasing agent and penetrating agent into water which is 10-15 times of the weight of a sample to be treated according to the proportion of 30-35g of edible salt per liter of water, 1-1.2ml of formic acid per liter of water, 1-1.5ml of degreasing agent per liter of water and 2-2.5ml of penetrating agent per liter of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain the tanning impregnation liquid;

6.2) impregnation: regulating the temperature of tanning impregnation liquid to 35-38 ℃, putting the leather and the tanning impregnation liquid into a rotary drum, rotating the rotary drum for 3-4 minutes, and standing for 5-10 minutes;

6.3) adding the aluminum tanning agent and the chrome tanning agent into the tanning impregnation liquid according to the proportion of 8-10g of the aluminum tanning agent per liter of water and 6-8g of the chrome tanning agent per liter of water, rotating for 5-6 minutes every half hour, and keeping the time for 1-1.5 hours;

6.4) adding the fatting agent and the fatty aldehyde according to the proportion of 3-4ml of fatting agent per liter of water and 3-3.5ml of fatty aldehyde per liter of water into the tanning soaking liquid, rotating for 3-5 minutes per hour for 24-72 hours;

6.5) extracting alkali: dissolving sodium carbonate with appropriate amount of water, adding into the soaking solution at a ratio of 2-4g per liter of water for three times, adding one third each time at an interval of 15-20 min each time, and rotating the rotary drum for 3-5 min after each addition; then the rotary drum is rotated for 5 to 10 minutes every hour, the temperature is 36 to 38 ℃, and the time duration is 12 to 24 hours;

6.6) taking out the sample to be treated after the treatment is finished, and drying the sample for 80-100 minutes by using a drying machine.

10. The method for processing the tiger posture specimen hide as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step three, the dry finishing comprises:

firstly, adding sawdust which is 1 time of the weight of the skin into a wood rotary drum, putting the skin into the rotary drum, and rotating for 80-120 minutes;

secondly, putting a sample to be processed into a rotating cage, and rotating for 40-50 minutes; airing the tiger skin to 7-8 times for drying for 1-3 hours, and drying in the shade in a ventilated place;

thirdly, brushing kicking oil with the weight 1-1.5 times of that of the sample surface to be treated, putting the skin into a rotary drum to rotate for 50-60 minutes, taking out and standing for 10-20 hours;

fourthly, adding sawdust which is 1 to 1.5 times of the weight of the sample to be treated into the rotary drum, putting the sample to be treated into the rotary drum, and rotating for 60 to 80 minutes; taking out a sample to be treated, putting the sample into a rotating cage, and rotating for 10-15 minutes;

fifthly, taking out a sample to be processed, and shaving the sample by a shaving machine; adding sawdust 1-1.5 times the weight of the sample to be treated into the rotary drum, adding 500ml of tetrachloroethylene 400-;

sixthly, taking out a sample to be treated in the rotary drum, replacing new sawdust, adding 3000ml of tetrachloroethylene, putting tiger skin, rotating the rotary drum, and rotating for 1h, wherein the dosage of the sawdust is 1-1.5 times of the weight of the sample to be treated;

seventhly, reserving sawdust and tetrachloroethylene in the rotary drum, taking out a sample to be treated, and airing for 30 minutes; putting the tiger skin back into the rotary drum, and rotating for 60 minutes; taking out a sample skin to be treated, putting the sample skin into a rotating cage, and rotating the rotating cage for 15 minutes;

eighthly, adding sawdust which is 1-1.5 times of the weight of the sample to be treated into the rotary drum, adding 2000ml of tetrachloroethylene, putting the sample to be treated into the rotary drum, and rotating the rotary drum for 50-60 minutes; taking out a sample to be treated, putting the sample into a rotating cage, and rotating the rotating cage for 20 minutes;

ninth, adding sawdust 1-1.5 times the weight of the sample to be treated into the rotary drum, adding 200ml of tetrachloroethylene and 400ml of brightener into the rotary drum, placing the rotary drum into the sample to be treated, and rotating the rotary drum for 50-60 minutes.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of specimen preparation, and particularly relates to a tiger posture specimen skin processing device and a processing method.

Background

At present, in the technology for making animal posture specimens, the technology in the aspect of hide processing is relatively lagged behind, hide processing is mostly limited to mechanical fleshing and highly toxic preservatives, chemical materials special for non-fur are used for simple tanning processing, at worst, different kinds of hides are all processed by almost the same materials and methods, the difference of the hides among different animals is not considered enough, the problems of insufficient degreasing, insufficient softening, incomplete tanning and the like are caused, processed hides are not soft and are not easy to store for a long time, and specimens made of the hides are difficult to make details, easy to deform and easy to grow insects. The problem is a key technical problem which hinders the improvement of the specimen stripping technology in China at present.

Different animals have different leathers with different shapes, structures, chemical compositions and the like due to different life habits, different foods, different adaptive environments and the like, and the leathers are different in length, density, elasticity, strength and the like; the thickness of the leather boards is different; the strength of the skin plates (the strength of the skin plates depends on the thickness of collagen fibers of the skin plates, the weaving property and the tightness of arrangement, fat, stroma, hair roots, the existence of hair follicles, the thickness of dermal papilla layers, the bending degree of the hair roots, the penetration of the hair roots in the cortex, the distribution of fat cells, the cone shape of fat and the like) is different. Due to the difference of physical and chemical properties, different animals need different treatment processes in the processing process of the skin so as to meet the requirements of posture specimen preparation on the processing of the skin to the maximum extent, and the processed skin needs to be light, thin, soft and elastic, and is tasteless, non-deformable, easy to store for a long time, non-perishable, not easy to damage and the like. In the process, the selection and application of the working procedures, the type and amount of the chemical materials for fur, the treatment time, the mechanical strength and mode of application, and the like are adjusted according to the condition of each animal hide. That is, the words commonly spoken by the fur processing industry: look at the skin and make the skin.

Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: (1) the existing processing technology of animal posture specimen preparation equipment falls behind, the same mechanical meat taking method is adopted for different animal skins, and the traditional tanning method is carried out by using a highly toxic preservative and a non-fur special chemical material.

(2) The existing animal specimen preparation method has the disadvantages of insufficient consideration on the difference of the hide among different animals, insufficient clean degreasing, insufficient softening and incomplete tanning; processed skin is not soft and is not easy to store for a long time, and the specimen made of the skin is difficult to make details of animals, easy to deform and easy to grow insects.

The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: the knowledge of fur organization and protein chemistry is required; the tanning principle and technology of fur are mastered, the requirements of specimen preparation on the leather are mastered, the difference of various tissue components of different leathers is mastered, and the technical processing scheme is determined according to the leather condition.

The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the leather treated by the new technology is soft, easy to shape and restore the original shape, not easy to deform, not easy to grow worms, easy to preserve for a long time, and the manufactured specimen is lifelike. Thereby solving the key bottleneck technology which hinders the development of the specimen stripping technology in China.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a tiger posture specimen hide processing device and a processing method.

The invention is thus achieved, a tiger posture specimen hide processing apparatus, comprising:

the water shovel machine is used for removing residual muscle, fat and subcutaneous loose and knotted hoof tissues on the dermatome;

the shaving machine is used for enabling the thickness of the sample to be processed to be uniform;

rotating the drum: the device is used for regulating and controlling the temperature of the steeping liquor and stirring various chemical materials added into the steeping liquor uniformly by rotation; for supplying the sample to be treated with appropriate mechanical beating, loosening of the hide plate fibres;

the drying machine is used for drying the impregnation liquid on the sample to be treated;

the rotating cage is used for rotating and softening the sample to be treated and removing sawdust and dust on the sample to be treated;

the wood rotary drum is used for dry cleaning and polishing the fur of the sample to be treated and softening the sample to be treated.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating tiger posture specimen skin, comprising:

firstly, performing oil scraping, cleaning, disinfecting and antiseptic treatment on a specimen to be treated;

step two, soaking in the soaking solution, removing, soaking again, degreasing, softening, pickling, tanning and wet finishing;

and step three, after wet finishing, carrying out rotation, airing, oil brushing, secondary rotation, shaving, tertiary rotation, airing and quaternary rotation finishing to obtain the tiger posture specimen.

Further, in the step one, the method further comprises:

(1) oil scraping: performing oil scraping treatment by using a water shovel machine and a shaving machine;

(2) cleaning: rinsing with clear water, then optionally soaking with washing powder, soap powder, detergent or other washing solution in water for 10-15 min, washing with soft water, rinsing with clear water, and spin-drying with a spin dryer;

removing oil stains by using sawdust;

(3) sterilizing, namely adjusting the temperature of the prepared sterilization impregnation liquid to 30-35 ℃ by using temperature control equipment, and rotating the rotary drum for 35-40 hours; spin-drying; then neutralizing with 2.9-3.1% sodium carbonate solution for 1.5-2 hours; spin-drying;

(4) and (3) corrosion prevention: soaking the prepared antiseptic steeping liquor for 16-24 hours, supplementing salt every 6 hours, and rotating the rotary drum for 3-5 minutes after supplementing salt every time;

after soaking, controlling water for 24-48 hours, then spreading on a wood board, adding salt accounting for 20-25% of the weight of a sample to be treated and boric acid accounting for 1-1.5% of the weight of the sample to be treated, mixing and then spreading on a leather board.

Further, in the step (3), the preparation method of the disinfection impregnation liquid comprises the following steps:

adding hydrochloric acid and salt into tap water which is 10-12 times of the weight of a sample to be treated according to the proportion of 2-2.5 ml/L of hydrochloric acid and 10-15 g/L of salt, adding the mixed solution into a rotary drum, and rotating the rotary drum to uniformly stir various chemical materials to obtain the disinfection steeping fluid.

Further, in the step (4), the preparation method of the antiseptic dipping solution comprises the following steps:

adding salt into tap water 4-5 times the weight of a sample to be treated according to the proportion of 25-26g/l, adding the mixed solution into a rotary drum, and rotating the rotary drum to uniformly stir various chemical materials to obtain the preservative dipping solution.

Further, in step two, the wet finishing comprises:

1) soaking, namely, the prepared soaking liquid with the temperature adjusted to be 28-30 ℃ and the sample skin to be treated are put into a rotary drum, the rotary drum is rotated for 3-5 minutes every half hour, the rotating speed is 10-15 revolutions every 15 minutes, and the time duration is 3-5 hours; spin-drying for 30-40 min; loosening fibers preliminarily;

2) removing: fat removal is carried out by using a water shovel machine and a scalpel or other tools at a small area; then, shaving by a shaving machine;

3) re-soaking: placing the removed sample to be processed into the steeping liquor in the rotary drum for secondary soaking treatment, rotating the rotary drum for 3-5 minutes every half hour at the rotating speed of 10-15 revolutions every 15 minutes for 3-5 hours, and drying for 30-40 minutes by using a drying machine;

4) degreasing: putting a sample to be treated into degreasing liquid with the temperature adjusted to 35-38 ℃ in a rotary drum for degreasing, rotating the rotary drum for 3-5 minutes every 15 minutes, rotating at the speed of 15-20 revolutions every 15 minutes, and degreasing for 2-3 hours; spin-drying for 40-60 min;

5) softening and pickling: for removing the fibrous interstitium and loosening the collagen fibers; the elastic fiber and the muscle tissue in the leather plate are damaged, so that the leather plate is soft; decomposing the fat tissue in the skin, and adjusting the pH value of the fiber of the dermatome;

6) tanning, for reacting with collagen by means of a tanning agent capable of binding to collagen of the skin and of producing a cross-linking and suturing action between the peptide chains, to form new cross-links between the collagen peptide chains.

Further, in step 1), the method for preparing the immersion fluid comprises:

adding salt, penetrant and formaldehyde into water which is 10-15 times of the weight of a sample to be treated according to the proportion of 30-50g of salt per liter of water, 1-2ml of degreasing agent per liter of water, 1-2ml of penetrant per liter of water and 0.5-1ml of formaldehyde per liter of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain the soaking impregnation liquid;

in step 4), the preparation method of the degreasing fluid comprises the following steps:

adding edible salt, degreasing agent, penetrating agent and alkali into water which is 10-15 times of the weight of a sample to be treated according to the proportion of 30-40g of edible salt per liter of water, 2.5-3.5 ml/L of degreasing agent per liter of water, 1.5-2.5 ml/L of penetrating agent per liter of water and 0.5-1 g/L of alkali per liter of water, and mixing uniformly to obtain the degreasing solution.

Further, in step 5), the softening and pickling method comprises the following steps:

5.1) preparing softening impregnation liquid: adding edible salt, formic acid, lactic acid, degreasing agent and penetrating agent into water which is 10-15 times of the weight of the skin according to the proportion of 45-50g of edible salt per liter of water, 1-1.5ml of formic acid per liter of water, 1-1.5ml of lactic acid per liter of water, 1.5-2.5ml of degreasing agent per liter of water and 1.5-2.5ml of penetrating agent per liter of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain softening impregnation liquid;

5.2) putting the prepared softened steeping fluid into a rotary drum, adjusting the temperature of the steeping fluid to 32-38 ℃, then adding the skin into the rotary drum, rotating for 3-5 minutes, and standing for 10 minutes;

5.3) adding the prime wave enzyme and the SR enzyme into the dipping solution of the rotary drum according to the proportion that the prime wave enzyme is 2.5-23.5ml per liter of water and the SR enzyme is 0.5-1ml per liter of water, rotating the rotary drum for 2-3 minutes every half hour, and rotating the rotary drum for 8-10 revolutions every 15 minutes; rotating for 2-4 h;

5.4) adding the formic acid and the fatting agent into the rotary drum impregnation liquid according to the proportion that 3.8-4.2l of formic acid is added per liter of water and 2-2.5ml of fatting agent is added per liter of water, rotating the rotary drum for 2-3 minutes every half hour, rotating at the speed of 8-10 revolutions every 15 minutes for 24-48 hours;

5.5) taking out the sample to be treated after the treatment is finished, and drying the sample by using a drying machine for 60-80 minutes.

Further, in step 6), the tanning comprises:

6.1) preparing tanning soaking liquid: adding edible salt, formic acid, degreasing agent and penetrating agent into water which is 10-15 times of the weight of a sample to be treated according to the proportion of 30-35g of edible salt per liter of water, 1-1.2ml of formic acid per liter of water, 1-1.5ml of degreasing agent per liter of water and 2-2.5ml of penetrating agent per liter of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain the tanning impregnation liquid;

6.2) impregnation: regulating the temperature of tanning impregnation liquid to 35-38 ℃, putting the leather and the tanning impregnation liquid into a rotary drum, rotating the rotary drum for 3-4 minutes, and standing for 5-10 minutes;

6.3) adding the aluminum tanning agent and the chrome tanning agent into the tanning impregnation liquid according to the proportion of 8-10g of the aluminum tanning agent per liter of water and 6-8g of the chrome tanning agent per liter of water, rotating for 5-6 minutes every half hour, and keeping the time for 1-1.5 hours;

6.4) adding the fatting agent and the fatty aldehyde according to the proportion of 3-4ml of fatting agent per liter of water and 3-3.5ml of fatty aldehyde per liter of water into the tanning soaking liquid, rotating for 3-5 minutes per hour for 24-72 hours;

6.5) extracting alkali: dissolving sodium carbonate with appropriate amount of water, adding into the soaking solution at a ratio of 2-4g per liter of water for three times, adding one third each time at an interval of 15-20 min each time, and rotating the rotary drum for 3-5 min after each addition; then the rotary drum is rotated for 5 to 10 minutes every hour, the temperature is 36 to 38 ℃, and the time duration is 12 to 24 hours;

6.6) taking out the sample to be treated after the treatment is finished, and drying the sample for 80-100 minutes by using a drying machine.

Further, in step three, the dry finishing comprises:

firstly, adding sawdust which is 1 time of the weight of the skin into a wood rotary drum, putting the skin into the rotary drum, and rotating for 80-120 minutes;

secondly, putting a sample to be processed into a rotating cage, and rotating for 40-50 minutes; airing the tiger skin to 7-8 times for drying for 1-3 hours, and drying in the shade in a ventilated place;

thirdly, brushing kicking oil with the weight 1-1.5 times of that of the sample surface to be treated, putting the skin into a rotary drum to rotate for 50-60 minutes, taking out and standing for 10-20 hours;

fourthly, adding sawdust which is 1 to 1.5 times of the weight of the sample to be treated into the rotary drum, putting the sample to be treated into the rotary drum, and rotating for 60 to 80 minutes; taking out a sample to be treated, putting the sample into a rotating cage, and rotating for 10-15 minutes;

fifthly, taking out a sample to be processed, and shaving the sample by a shaving machine; adding sawdust 1-1.5 times the weight of the sample to be treated into the rotary drum, adding 500ml of tetrachloroethylene 400-;

sixthly, taking out a sample to be treated in the rotary drum, replacing new sawdust, adding 3000ml of tetrachloroethylene, putting tiger skin, rotating the rotary drum, and rotating for 1h, wherein the dosage of the sawdust is 1-1.5 times of the weight of the sample to be treated;

seventhly, reserving sawdust and tetrachloroethylene in the rotary drum, taking out a sample to be treated, and airing for 30 minutes; putting the tiger skin back into the rotary drum, and rotating for 60 minutes; taking out a sample skin to be treated, putting the sample skin into a rotating cage, and rotating the rotating cage for 15 minutes;

eighthly, adding sawdust which is 1-1.5 times of the weight of the sample to be treated into the rotary drum, adding 2000ml of tetrachloroethylene, putting the sample to be treated into the rotary drum, and rotating the rotary drum for 50-60 minutes; taking out a sample to be treated, putting the sample into a rotating cage, and rotating the rotating cage for 20 minutes;

ninth, adding sawdust 1-1.5 times the weight of the sample to be treated into the rotary drum, adding 200ml of tetrachloroethylene and 400ml of brightener into the rotary drum, placing the rotary drum into the sample to be treated, and rotating the rotary drum for 50-60 minutes.

By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:

the leatheroid processed by the processing method of the tiger animal posture specimen can fully meet the manufacturing requirement of the posture specimen.

The processed skin is easy to preserve (insect-proof, high temperature resistant), tasteless, non-deformable, soft and elastic, the original form and detail of the tiger can be easily made in the preparation of the specimen, the hair color is natural and bright, and the prepared tiger posture specimen is vivid and lifelike.

The hide of the invention is disinfected and sterilized, which kills virus and bacteria, and the hide is nontoxic and harmless. There is no need to worry about the infectious diseases of wild animals.

The invention provides a method for processing tiger posture specimen hide according to the specific conditions of tiger hide quilt condition, hair and hide plate combination fastness, hide plate thickness, hide plate strength (thickness of hide plate collagen fiber, weaving property, arrangement tightness, fat distribution and content, dermal papilla layer thickness and the like), and pertinently provides a method for processing tiger posture specimen hide according to local conditions. And meanwhile, a reference is provided for the hide processing of other animal posture samples.

The invention aims at that the wild animal skin possibly carries viruses and bacteria which are harmful to human health, and particularly increases the disinfection and sterilization process.

The invention can remove the fiber interstitium and loose the collagen fiber when the hide is softened and pickled; the elastic fiber and the muscle tissue in the leather plate are damaged, so that the leather plate is soft; decomposing the fat tissue in the skin, and adjusting the pH value of the fiber of the dermatome.

The invention performs tanning on the leather, and utilizes the reaction of tanning agent which can be combined with leather collagen and can generate cross-linking and suturing effects among peptide chains and the collagen to form new cross-linking among the collagen peptide chains, thereby improving the structural stability of the leather plate and converting the raw leather into the cooked leather.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for processing tiger-posture specimen hide sheets according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for processing fresh peels provided by the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a wet finishing method provided by an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for softening and pickling according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a tanning process provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a flow chart of a dry finishing method provided by the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a tiger posture specimen hide processing device provided by the embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a tiger gesture specimen hide processing method, which is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the method for processing tiger posture specimen skin provided by the embodiment of the invention includes:

and S101, performing fresh skin treatment through oil scraping, cleaning, disinfection and preservative treatment.

S102, soaking the processed fresh leather in water, soaking in the soaking solution, removing, soaking again, degreasing, softening, pickling and tanning by preparing the soaking solution, and performing wet finishing on the processed fresh leather.

S103, carrying out dry finishing on the wet-finished skin by utilizing rotation, airing, oil brushing, secondary rotation, shaving, tertiary rotation, airing and quartic rotation to obtain the tiger posture specimen.

As shown in fig. 2, in step S101, the fresh-skin processing provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

s201, oil scraping: scraping oil on large area of skin with water shovel and shaving machine, and manually scraping oil on eyes, ears, nose, lips, feet of limbs, genitals and other small parts with scalpel and other tools.

S202, cleaning: rinsing with clear water, soaking in washing powder, soap powder, detergent or other washing solution for 10-15 min, washing with hand longitudinally, rinsing with clear water to clear, and spin-drying.

S203, baking the sawdust until the sawdust is warm and hot, pouring the sawdust on a clean workbench, uniformly spreading the sawdust on the tiger fur quilt, rubbing and rolling the leather plate, removing oil stains on the leather, then beating the leather plate with a wood stick, removing the sawdust, and combing the feather quilt with a pet comb.

S204, sterilizing, namely adjusting the temperature of the prepared sterilization soaking liquid to 30-35 ℃ by using temperature control equipment, adding tiger skin into the sterilization soaking liquid, and rotating a rotary drum for 35-40 hours; fishing out the tiger skin, and spin-drying; then neutralizing with 2.9-3.1% sodium carbonate solution for 1.5-2 hours; taking out the tiger skin and drying.

S205, corrosion prevention: adding tiger skin into the prepared antiseptic dipping solution at normal temperature, soaking for 16-24 hours, supplementing salt every 6 hours, and rotating the rotary drum for 3-5 minutes.

S206, after soaking, taking out the tiger skin, controlling water for 24-48 hours, then spreading the tiger skin on a wood board with the skin facing upwards, mixing the tiger skin with salt accounting for 20-25% of the weight of the tiger skin and boric acid accounting for 1-1.5% of the weight of the tiger skin, spreading the mixture on the skin board of the tiger skin, and rubbing the tiger skin by hands.

In step S203, the method for preparing a disinfection impregnation solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

adding hydrochloric acid and salt into tap water with the weight of 10-12 times of the weight of the skin according to the proportion of 2-2.5 ml/L of hydrochloric acid and 10-15 g/L of salt, adding the mixed solution into a rotary drum, and rotating the rotary drum to uniformly stir various chemical materials to obtain the disinfection steeping fluid.

In step S204, the preparation method of the anticorrosion dipping solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

adding salt into tap water with the weight 4-5 times of that of the skin according to the proportion of 25-26g/l, adding the mixed solution into a rotary drum, and rotating the rotary drum to uniformly stir various chemical materials to obtain the preservative dipping solution.

As shown in fig. 3, in step S102, the wet finishing provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

s301, soaking, namely adding prepared soaking liquid with the temperature adjusted to 28-30 ℃ and the skin into a rotary drum, rotating the rotary drum for 3-5 minutes every half hour, rotating at the speed of 10-15 revolutions every 15 minutes, and keeping the time for 3-5 hours; taking out the tiger skin after the completion of the operation, and spin-drying for 30-40 minutes by using a spin dryer; is used for softening dry skin to fresh skin, loosening fiber, and weakening the connection between subcutaneous tissue and dermis.

S302, removing: removing the residual muscle and fat from the subcutaneous tissue and the skin at a large area by using a water shovel machine, a scalpel or other tools at a small area, and reserving the epidermis and the dermis; then the whole piece of skin is shaved by a shaving machine.

S303, soaking again: putting the removed tiger skin into the steeping liquor in the rotary drum for secondary soaking treatment, rotating the rotary drum for 3-5 minutes every half hour, rotating at the speed of 10-15 revolutions every 15 minutes for 3-5 hours; and (5) taking out the tiger skin after the end, and spin-drying for 30-40 minutes by using a spin dryer.

S304, degreasing: putting tiger skin into degreasing liquid with the temperature adjusted to 35-38 ℃ in a rotary drum for degreasing, rotating the rotary drum for 3-5 minutes every 15 minutes, rotating at the speed of 15-20 revolutions every 15 minutes, and degreasing for 2-3 hours; and (5) taking out the tiger skin after the end, and spin-drying for 40-60 minutes by using a spin dryer.

S305, softening and pickling: for removing the fibrous interstitium and loosening the collagen fibers; the elastic fiber and the muscle tissue in the leather plate are damaged, so that the leather plate is soft; decomposing the fat tissue in the skin, and adjusting the pH value of the fiber of the dermatome.

S306, tanning, namely reacting the tanning agent which can be combined with the collagen of the skin and can generate cross-linking and sewing effects among peptide chains with the collagen to form new cross-links among the collagen peptide chains, improving the structural stability of the skin plate and converting the raw skin into the cooked skin.

In step S301, the method for preparing the immersion liquid according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:

adding salt, penetrant and formaldehyde into water which is 10-15 times of the weight of the hide paper according to the proportion of 30-50g of salt per liter of water, 1-2ml of degreasing agent per liter of water, 1-2ml of penetrant per liter of water and 0.5-1ml of formaldehyde per liter of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain the soaking impregnation liquid.

In step S304, the method for preparing a degreasing fluid provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

adding edible salt, degreasing agent, penetrating agent and alkali into water which is 10-15 times of the weight of the skin according to the proportion of 30-40g of edible salt per liter of water, 2.5-3.5 ml/L of degreasing agent per liter of water, 1.5-2.5 ml/L of penetrating agent per liter of water and 0.5-1 g/L of alkali per liter of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain the degreasing solution.

As shown in fig. 4, in step S305, the softening and pickling method provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

s401, preparing a softening impregnation liquid: adding edible salt, formic acid, lactic acid, degreasing agent and penetrating agent into water which is 10-15 times of the weight of the skin according to the proportion of 45-50g of edible salt per liter of water, 1-1.5ml of formic acid per liter of water, 1-1.5ml of lactic acid per liter of water, 1.5-2.5ml of degreasing agent per liter of water and 1.5-2.5ml of penetrating agent per liter of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain the softening impregnation liquid.

S402, placing the prepared softening impregnation liquid into a rotary drum, adjusting the temperature of the impregnation liquid to 32-38 ℃, then adding the skin into the rotary drum, rotating for 3-5 minutes, and standing for 10 minutes.

S403, adding the prime wave enzyme and the SR enzyme into the rotary drum steeping liquor according to the proportion that the prime wave enzyme is 2.5-23.5ml per liter of water and the SR enzyme is 0.5-1ml per liter of water, rotating the rotary drum for 2-3 minutes every half hour, and rotating at the speed of 8-10 revolutions every 15 minutes; rotating for 2-4 h.

S404, adding formic acid and fatting agent into the rotary drum impregnation liquid according to the proportion that 3.8-4.2l of formic acid is added per liter of water and 2-2.5ml of fatting agent is added per liter of water, rotating the rotary drum for 2-3 minutes every half hour, rotating at the speed of 8-10 revolutions every 15 minutes for 24-48 hours.

S405, taking out the tiger skin after the end, and spin-drying for 60-80 minutes by using a spin dryer.

As shown in fig. 5, in step S306, the tanning provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

s501, preparing tanning soaking liquid: adding edible salt, formic acid, degreasing agent and penetrating agent into water which is 10-15 times of the weight of the leather according to the proportion of 30-35g of edible salt per liter of water, 1-1.2ml of formic acid per liter of water, 1-1.5ml of degreasing agent per liter of water and 2-2.5ml of penetrating agent per liter of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain the tanning impregnation liquid.

S502, dipping: regulating the temperature of tanning soaking liquid to 35-38 ℃, putting the leather and the tanning soaking liquid into a rotary drum, rotating the rotary drum for 3-4 minutes, and standing for 5-10 minutes.

S503, adding the aluminum tanning agent and the chrome tanning agent into the tanning steeping liquor according to the proportion that the aluminum tanning agent is 8-10g per liter of water and the chrome tanning agent is 6-8g per liter of water, and rotating for 5-6 minutes every half hour for 1-1.5 hours.

S504, adding the fatting agent and the fatty aldehyde into the tanning soaking liquid according to the proportion that the fatting agent is 3-4ml per liter of water and the fatty aldehyde is 3-3.5ml per liter of water, and rotating for 3-5 minutes per hour for 24-72 hours.

S505, extracting alkali: dissolving sodium carbonate with appropriate amount of water, adding into the soaking solution at a ratio of 2-4g per liter of water for three times, adding one third each time at an interval of 15-20 min each time, and rotating the rotary drum for 3-5 min after each addition; then the rotary drum is rotated for 5 to 10 minutes every hour, the temperature is 36 to 38 ℃, and the time duration is 12 to 24 hours.

S506, taking out the tiger skin after the operation is finished, and drying the tiger skin for 80-100 minutes by using a drying machine.

As shown in fig. 6, in step S103, the dry finishing provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

s601, adding sawdust which is 1 time of the weight of the skin into a wood rotary drum, putting the skin into the rotary drum, and rotating for 80-120 minutes;

s602, putting the skin into a rotating cage, and rotating for 40-50 minutes; airing the tiger skin to 7-8 times for drying for 1-3 hours, and drying in the shade in a ventilated place;

s603, brushing kicking oil which is 1-1.5 times of the weight of the tiger skin on the surface of the tiger skin, putting the tiger skin into a rotary drum to rotate for 50-60 minutes, taking out and standing for 10-20 hours;

s604, adding sawdust 1-1.5 times of the weight of the skin into the rotary drum, putting the skin into the rotary drum, and rotating for 60-80 minutes; taking out the tiger skin, putting into a rotating cage, and rotating for 10-15 minutes;

s605, taking out the tiger skin, and shaving the tiger skin by using a shaving machine; adding sawdust 1-1.5 times of the weight of the skin into the rotary drum, adding 500ml of tetrachloroethylene, placing tiger skin, and rotating the rotary drum for 50-60 minutes;

s606, taking out the inner skin of the rotary drum, replacing with new sawdust, adding 3000ml of tetrachloroethylene, adding tiger skin, rotating the rotary drum, and rotating for 1h, wherein the dosage of the sawdust is 1-1.5 times of the weight of the skin;

s607, reserving sawdust and tetrachloroethylene in the rotary drum, taking out tiger skin, and airing for 30 minutes; putting the tiger skin back into the rotary drum, and rotating for 60 minutes; taking out the tiger skin, putting the tiger skin into a rotating cage, and rotating the rotating cage for 15 minutes;

s608, adding sawdust which is 1-1.5 times of the weight of the skin into the rotary drum, adding 2000ml of tetrachloroethylene, putting tiger skin into the rotary drum, and rotating the rotary drum for 50-60 minutes; taking out the tiger skin, putting the tiger skin into a rotating cage, and rotating the rotating cage for 20 minutes;

and S609, adding sawdust which is 1-1.5 times of the weight of the skin into the rotary drum, adding 200ml of tetrachloroethylene and 400ml of brightening agent into the rotary drum, adding tiger skin into the rotary drum, and rotating the rotary drum for 50-60 minutes.

As shown in fig. 7, the present invention provides a device for processing tiger posture specimen hide, comprising:

a water shovel machine for removing residual muscle, fat and subcutaneous loose and knotted hoof tissue on the dermatome.

And the shaving machine is used for enabling the thickness of the sample to be processed to be uniform.

Rotating the drum: the device is used for regulating and controlling the temperature of the steeping liquor and stirring various chemical materials added into the steeping liquor uniformly by rotation; for supplying the sample to be treated with appropriate mechanical beating, loosening of the hide plate fibres.

And the drying machine is used for drying the impregnation liquid on the sample to be treated.

And the rotating cage is used for rotating and softening the sample to be treated and removing sawdust and dust on the sample to be treated.

The wood rotary drum is used for dry cleaning and polishing the fur of the sample to be treated and softening the sample to be treated.

The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.