阅读说明：本技术 一种高温水环境中的铝合金阳极及其制备方法 (Aluminum alloy anode in high-temperature water environment and preparation method thereof ) 是由 贾世磊 于 2020-04-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种高温水环境中的铝合金阳极,是由下述原料及按照下述重量百分比制成的混合物,锌4.0％～5.5％；锡0.01％～0.02％；硅0.01％～0.45％；余量为铝。本发明的有益效果是,本方案中的铝合金阳极能够在海水、盐水、淡水中使用,效果良好,与现有铝合金阳极的阴极保护驱动电压有大幅提高,解决了现阶段牺牲阳极电流效率低,使用寿命短、牺牲阳极溶解有毒重金属和污染水质的问题。(The invention discloses an aluminum alloy anode in a high-temperature water environment, which is a mixture prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight, wherein zinc accounts for 4.0-5.5%; 0.01 to 0.02 percent of tin; 0.01 to 0.45 percent of silicon; the balance being aluminum. The aluminum alloy anode has the beneficial effects that the aluminum alloy anode can be used in seawater, salt water and fresh water, the effect is good, the driving voltage is greatly improved compared with the cathode protection driving voltage of the conventional aluminum alloy anode, and the problems that the sacrificial anode is low in current efficiency and short in service life, and the sacrificial anode dissolves toxic heavy metals and pollutes water quality at the present stage are solved.)

1. An aluminum alloy anode in a high-temperature water environment is characterized by comprising the following raw materials and a mixture prepared according to the following weight percentage, wherein zinc accounts for 4.0-5.5%; 0.01 to 0.02 percent of tin; 0.01 to 0.45 percent of silicon; the balance being aluminum.

2. The aluminum alloy anode in a high-temperature water environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy anode material has an impurity content of: less than or equal to 0.2 percent of iron and less than or equal to 0.003 percent of cadmium.

3. The aluminum alloy anode in the high-temperature water environment as recited in claim 1 or 2, wherein the open circuit potential of the aluminum alloy anode in the seawater environment is negative to-1.15V, the capacitance is more than or equal to 1500Ah/kg, the anode is activated and dissolved uniformly, and corrosion products are easy to fall off.

4. The aluminum alloy anode in the high-temperature water environment and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the open circuit potential of the aluminum alloy anode in the tap water environment is minus 1.30, the capacitance is more than or equal to 2000Ah/kg, the anode is activated and dissolved uniformly, and corrosion products are easy to fall off.

5. The aluminum alloy anode in the high-temperature water environment and the preparation method of the aluminum alloy anode in the high-temperature water environment as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the open circuit potential of the aluminum alloy anode in the seawater environment is-1.18 to-1.12, the capacitance is 1517 to 2595Ah/Kg, the anode is activated and dissolved uniformly, and corrosion products are easy to fall off.

6. A method for preparing an aluminum alloy anode in a high temperature aqueous environment as claimed in claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:

(1) taking an aluminum ingot as a raw material of an aluminum element, heating a crucible to 750-800 ℃, and melting the aluminum ingot;

(2) and (2) weighing raw materials of zinc, tin and silicon elements respectively, adding the raw materials into the molten aluminum liquid obtained in the step (1), uniformly stirring by using a graphite rod, removing slag, casting into a mold, cooling, and taking out to obtain the aluminum alloy anode.

7. The aluminum alloy anode in the high-temperature water environment and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 6, wherein the silicon element is 10% or 20% aluminum-silicon alloy as a raw material.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy and material processing, in particular to an aluminum alloy anode in a high-temperature water environment and a preparation method thereof.

Background

At present, the aluminum anode is mainly applied to seawater or brine, but in the seawater or brine, as the resistivity of water increases, the working potential of the aluminum anode gradually becomes positive, so that the driving voltage of the aluminum anode is gradually insufficient, and the practical application of the aluminum anode in high-resistivity media, such as low-salinity water and fresh water, is limited; in addition, if the temperature of the aqueous medium rises, the working potential of the aluminum anode can generate positive shift to different degrees along with the temperature rise, and the aluminum anode generates obvious anode polarization phenomenon in hot water, so that the passivation tendency in the hot water is increased; even if the anode variety has excellent electrochemical performance, the performances such as working potential, current efficiency and surface dissolution are also obviously reduced, so that the protection effect is difficult to achieve; at present, magnesium alloy sacrificial anodes are mainly used in fresh water and are mainly applied to electric water heaters; if the anode is used in areas with good water quality (low electrolyte ion content), a high-activity magnesium anode is usually selected; however, for an industrial cooling water system, the water quality is inferior to that of a household electric water heater, and the electrolyte ion content is slightly high; however, the magnesium alloy sacrificial anode is easy to have the phenomena of black water, egg odor and black particle deposition after long-time use, and in addition, the magnesium hydroxide which is a corrosion product of the magnesium anode is a main component of scale, so that the reduction of the heat exchange efficiency of a heat exchanger tube bundle caused by the deposition and accumulation of the scale can be increased; therefore, the problems of the current magnesium anode are that the current efficiency is low, the self consumption of the anode is high, and the service life is not more than 4 years; when the magnesium anode is used in a closed container such as a boiler, hydrogen is separated out due to strong self-corrosion, and the danger of oxyhydrogen gas explosion must be considered; in addition, the corrosion products of magnesium anodes produce Mg (OH)2 when used, and the sludge must be periodically removed.

In view of the above, there is a need for an improved anode material that can meet the current demands of the anode material in applications such as fresh water, seawater, brine, etc.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve a series of defects of the existing anode material in the application environments of fresh water, seawater, brine and the like, for example, the electrochemical performance of the anode material is obviously reduced, corrosion products are generated, the protection effect is further influenced, and the anode material needs to be manually cleaned regularly; therefore, the aluminum alloy anode in the high-temperature water environment and the preparation method thereof are designed, so that the anode material can be effectively utilized in the application environments of fresh water, seawater, brine and the like, and is convenient for people to use.

The technical scheme of the invention is that the aluminum alloy anode in the high-temperature water environment is a mixture prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight, and zinc accounts for 4.0-5.5%; 0.01 to 0.02 percent of tin; 0.01 to 0.45 percent of silicon; the balance being aluminum.

Further elaboration on the scheme is that in the aluminum alloy anode material, the impurity content is as follows: less than or equal to 0.2 percent of iron and less than or equal to 0.003 percent of cadmium.

The scheme is further elaborated, the open-circuit potential of the aluminum alloy anode in the seawater environment is minus 1.15V, the capacitance is more than or equal to 1500Ah/kg, and the anode is activated and dissolved uniformly.

The scheme is further elaborated, the open circuit potential of the aluminum alloy anode in the tap water environment is minus 1.30, the capacitance is more than or equal to 2000Ah/kg, and the anode is activated and dissolved uniformly.

The scheme is further elaborated, the open-circuit potential of the aluminum alloy anode in the seawater environment is-1.18 to-1.12, the capacitance is 1517 to 2595Ah/Kg, and the anode is activated and dissolved uniformly.

The invention relates to a preparation method of an aluminum alloy anode suitable for a high-temperature water environment, which comprises the following steps:

(1) taking an aluminum ingot as a raw material of an aluminum element, heating a crucible to 750-800 ℃, and melting the aluminum ingot;

(2) and (2) weighing raw materials of zinc, tin and silicon elements respectively, adding the raw materials into the molten aluminum liquid obtained in the step (1), uniformly stirring by using a graphite rod, removing slag, casting into a mold, cooling, and taking out to obtain the aluminum alloy anode.

Further elaborating on the scheme, the silicon element adopts 10% or 20% of aluminum-silicon alloy as a raw material.

The aluminum alloy anode can be used in seawater, salt water and fresh water, has good effect, greatly improves the driving voltage of the aluminum alloy anode with the cathode protection, and solves the problems of low current efficiency, short service life, toxic heavy metal dissolution of the sacrificial anode and water pollution in the prior art; the aluminum hydroxide which is the corrosion product of the aluminum anode is flocculent and can flow along with water flow, so that scale cannot be formed, and meanwhile, the flocculent corrosion product is beneficial to protecting the heat exchanger and the whole water cooling pipeline;

wherein, the tin is added to make the aluminum alloy potential shift negatively, thereby avoiding the common aluminum anode adopting gallium and indium as lattice activators and elements harmful to human body; the addition of Si and other elements can stabilize the working potential, the alloy surface is dissolved uniformly, and corrosion products are easy to fall off.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solutions clearer for those skilled in the art, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.