阅读说明：本技术 一种适用于高拱坝的泄洪孔口多层不对称布置方法 (Flood discharge orifice multilayer asymmetric arrangement method suitable for high arch dam ) 是由 徐建荣 彭育 薛阳 胡亚安 辜晋德 赵建钧 王宇 安建峰 赵建平 于 2020-05-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种适用于高拱坝的泄洪孔口多层不对称布置方法,属于水利泄洪建筑领域,本发明通过表孔不对称布置和深孔平面不对称布置能有效避免挑流水舌在狭窄的空间重叠。当表深孔联合泄洪时,各股水舌在空中的碰撞角合理,表孔大俯角或者中俯角水舌碰撞深孔小俯角水舌,表孔小俯角水舌碰撞深孔小挑角水舌,表孔小挑角水舌碰撞深孔大挑角水舌,水舌空中碰撞角度在35°-65°范围内,碰撞角度合理,能有效分散水舌。(The invention discloses a multi-layer asymmetric arrangement method of flood discharge orifices suitable for a high arch dam, belonging to the field of water conservancy flood discharge buildings. When the meter deep hole is used for combined flood discharge, the impact angle of each strand of the water tongues in the air is reasonable, the water tongues with large surface angles or middle surface angles collide with the water tongues with small surface angles, the water tongues with small surface angles collide with the water tongues with small deep holes and small water tongues with large surface angles, the water tongues with small surface angles collide with the water tongues with large deep holes and large water tongues with large surface angles, the air impact angle of the water tongues is within the range of 35-65 degrees, the impact angle is reasonable, and the water tongues can be effectively dispersed.)

1. A multi-layer asymmetric arrangement method of flood discharge orifices suitable for high arch dams is characterized in that: the dam body orifice is arranged into a surface hole overflow weir and a deep hole overflow weir in a two-layer arrangement mode, the number of the surface hole overflow weirs is 6, the surface hole overflow weirs are asymmetrically arranged along the center of the arch dam, the number of the deep hole overflow weirs is 7, the deep hole overflow weirs are asymmetrically arranged along the center of the arch dam, and the surface hole overflow weirs and the deep hole overflow weirs are spatially arranged in a staggered mode.

2. A method of arranging flood discharge orifices asymmetrically in multiple levels suitable for use in high arch dams according to claim 1, wherein: 6 individual gauge hole overflow weir arranges according to the angle asymmetry, 1# and 4# adopt gauge hole overflow weir export to adopt the design of big angle of depression, big angle of depression is 35, 2# and 5# gauge hole overflow weir export adopt the design of the angle of choosing for a short time, the angle of choosing for a short time is 5, 3# gauge hole overflow weir export adopts the design of little angle of depression, little angle of depression is 15, 6# gauge hole overflow weir export adopts medium angle of depression, medium angle of depression 25, the distance of two gauge hole overflow weirs in interval between the gauge hole overflow weir of the same or close export angle.

3. A method of arranging flood discharge orifices asymmetrically in multiple levels suitable for use in high arch dams according to claim 1, wherein: the width of the surface hole is W, and the minimum thickness of the partition piers between the surface holes is not less than 0.25W.

4. A method of arranging flood discharge orifices asymmetrically in multiple levels suitable for use in high arch dams according to claim 1, wherein: the outlets of the 7 deep-hole overflow weirs are symmetrically arranged, the outlets of the 1# and 7# deep-hole overflow weirs are small depression angles, the small depression angles are 5 degrees, the outlets of the 2# and 6# deep-hole overflow weirs are small cantilever angles, the small cantilever angles are 3 degrees, the outlets of the 3# and 5# deep-hole overflow weirs are middle cantilever angles, the middle cantilever angles are 12 degrees, the outlets of the 4# deep-hole overflow weirs are big cantilever angles, the big cantilever angles are 25 degrees, and the outlet margins of each deep-hole overflow weir are ground edges.

5. And the distance between the deep hole overflow weir outlet elevation and the surface hole overflow weir top elevation is 6-8W.

6. A method of arranging flood discharge orifices asymmetrically in multiple levels suitable for use in high arch dams according to claim 1, wherein: the top of the outlet of the deep hole overflow weir is pressed downwards in an arc shape, and the height of the outlet is 2/3 of the height of the hole body.

7. A method of arranging flood discharge orifices asymmetrically in multiple levels suitable for use in high arch dams according to claim 1, wherein: the deep hole overflow weir is characterized in that the deep hole overflow weir plane arrangement and the surface hole overflow weir are arranged in a staggered manner, the center line of the 4# deep hole overflow weir coincides with the center line of the surface hole overflow weir, each deep hole overflow weir comprises two sections, the hole body of the rear section of the 1# deep hole overflow weir deflects outwards by 1 degree, the hole body of the rear section of the 2# deep hole overflow weir deflects outwards by 3 degrees, the rear section of the 3# deep hole overflow weir deflects outwards by 4 degrees, and the rear sections of the rest holes do not deflect.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of water conservancy flood discharge buildings, in particular to a multilayer asymmetric arrangement method of flood discharge orifices suitable for a high arch dam.

Background

At present, along with the construction of high-head hydropower engineering, the height of an arch dam body and flood discharge flow are improved again and again, the dam body bears a huge flood discharge task, and the reasonability of flood discharge arrangement is directly related to the stability of a downstream plunge pool and the safety of the whole hydropower engineering. The principle of flood discharge and energy dissipation arrangement is that the water tongues are fully dispersed and not overlapped when a single-layer flood discharge is carried out at an orifice, and the water tongues collide and disperse when the full-power flood discharge is carried out at the dam body, so that the energy dissipation efficiency is improved. If the symmetrical arrangement is used when the surface hole spacing is insufficient, the flood discharge orifice tongues adjacent the center will necessarily overlap during the letdown process. In the prior hydroelectric engineering, surface holes are arranged in two groups in a staggered mode, but if the flow is further increased, the thickness of the water tongues is increased, and the possibility of overlapping of the two layers of lower drainage tongues still exists. Meanwhile, the energy dissipation of the multilayer water tongues by air collision is also a key concern, and the arrangement mode of the multilayer orifices must meet the requirement that the water tongues fully collide with each other when full-power flood discharge is carried out, so that the water tongues dispersedly enter a plunge pool, the energy dissipation pressure of the plunge pool is relieved, and the safety of the plunge pool is ensured, which means that the arrangement of the multilayer orifices should be considered comprehensively. At present, the flood discharge arrangement of the dam body of the high arch dam mostly adopts a symmetrical mode or two groups of asymmetrical arrangement modes, and although the safety requirements of the dam body can be met, the arrangement mode of the dam body cannot be popularized to the hydraulic engineering with larger discharge and narrower space. Therefore, a flood discharge and energy dissipation arrangement mode suitable for an extra-high arch dam and more systematic is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problem that the surface hole or the deep hole of the high arch dam of the narrow river valley is used for independently discharging flood

The water tongues can not be longitudinally pulled apart, so that the water tongues are overlapped in the air, and meanwhile, the problem that the water tongues in the air can not be fully collided, effectively diffused and the energy dissipation pressure of a plunge pool can not be reduced when the deep holes on the surface of the dam body are combined for flood discharge is solved.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a flood discharge orifice multilayer asymmetric arrangement method suitable for a high arch dam is characterized in that the orifices of a dam body are arranged in a surface hole overflow weir and a deep hole overflow weir in a two-layer arrangement mode, the number of the surface hole overflow weirs is 6, the surface hole overflow weirs are arranged asymmetrically along the center of the arch dam, the number of the deep hole overflow weirs is 7, the deep hole overflow weirs are arranged asymmetrically along the center of the arch dam, and the surface hole overflow weirs and the deep hole overflow weirs are arranged in a staggered mode in space.

Preferably, 6 gauge hole overflow weirs are asymmetrically arranged according to an angle, 1# and 4# adopt gauge hole overflow weir export to adopt the design of big depression angle, big depression angle is 35 °, 2# and 5# gauge hole overflow weir export to adopt the design of little angle of choosing, the angle of choosing is 5 little, 3# gauge hole overflow weir export adopts the design of little depression angle, little depression angle is 15 °, 6# gauge hole overflow weir export to adopt the medium depression angle, medium depression angle 25 °, the distance of two gauge hole overflow weirs in interval between the gauge hole overflow weirs of the same or similar export angle.

Preferably, the width of the gauge holes is W, and the minimum thickness of the piers between the gauge holes is not less than 0.25W.

Preferably, the outlets of the 7 deep-hole overflow weirs are symmetrically arranged, the outlets of the 1# and 7# deep-hole overflow weirs are small depression angles, the small depression angles are 5 degrees, the outlets of the 2# and 6# deep-hole overflow weirs are small cantilever angles, the small cantilever angles are 3 degrees, the outlets of the 3# and 5# deep-hole overflow weirs are medium cantilever angles, the medium cantilever angles are 12 degrees, the outlets of the 4# deep-hole overflow weirs are large cantilever angles, the large cantilever angles are 25 degrees, the edges of the outlets of the deep-hole overflow weirs are located at the same elevation, and the distances between the deep-hole overflow weir outlet elevation and the surface hole overflow weir top elevation are 6-8W.

Preferably, the top of the outlet of the deep hole overflow weir is pressed downwards in an arc shape, and the height of the outlet is 2/3 of the hole body.

Preferably, the deep hole overflow weirs are arranged in a planar mode and staggered with the surface hole overflow weirs, the center line of the 4# deep hole overflow weir is overlapped with the center line of the surface hole overflow weir, the hole body of each deep hole overflow weir is divided into two sections, the hole body of the rear section of the 1# deep hole overflow weir deflects outwards by 1 degree, the hole body of the rear section of the 2# deep hole overflow weir deflects outwards by 3 degrees, the rear section of the 3# deep hole overflow weir deflects outwards by 4 degrees, and the rear sections of the rest hole bodies do not deflect.

Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a multi-layer asymmetric arrangement method of flood discharge orifices suitable for high arch dams, which has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention adopts 6 surface holes divided into three groups: wherein 1# and 4# adopt the design of the big angle of depression of table hole export adoption, the angle of depression is 35, 2# and 5# table hole export adopt and choose the angle design for a short time, it is 5 to choose the angle, 3# table hole adopts the design of little angle of depression, the angle of depression is 15, 6# table hole adopts medium angle of depression, the angle of depression is 25, the distance of two table holes in interval between the table hole of the same or close export angle, table hole water tongue point of falling into water vertically divide into three groups, it has sufficient transverse separation to choose between the same or close water tongue, water tongue transverse diffusion does not overlap.

2. Aiming at the problem of deep-hole nappe dispersion, deep-hole raising angles are arranged in a centrosymmetric manner, wherein the outlets of 1# and 7# deep holes are small depression angles, and the depression angles are 5 degrees; the outlets of the 2# and 6# deep holes are small cantilever angles which are 3 degrees; outlets of the 3# deep hole and the 5# deep hole are middle cantilever angles, and the cantilever angles are 12 degrees; the outlet of the No. 4 deep hole is a large cantilever angle which is 25 degrees, the height of the deep hole outlet is 2/3 of the height of the deep hole body, and the deep hole water tongues are distributed in a V shape in the plunge pool due to different cantilever angles, so that the water tongues are prevented from being overlapped; the drop point of the No. 3 deep-hole nappe is relatively close to the drop point of the No. 5 deep-hole nappe, so that the second half section of the No. 3 deep hole is arranged towards

3. The outer deflection is 4 degrees, the transverse distance of the drop point of the deep hole nappe is increased, meanwhile, the corresponding rear half section of the 2# deep hole deflects outwards by 3 degrees, and the rear half section of the 1# deep hole deflects outwards by 1 degree.

4. The invention has the advantages that the meter hole asymmetric arrangement and the deep hole plane asymmetric arrangement can effectively avoid the overlapping of the flow-picking nappes in a narrow space. When the meter deep hole is used for combined flood discharge, the impact angle of each strand of the water tongues in the air is reasonable, the water tongues with large surface hole depression angles or middle surface depression angles collide with the water tongues with small deep hole depression angles, the water tongues with small surface hole depression angles collide with the water tongues with small deep hole protrusion angles, the water tongues with small surface hole protrusion angles collide with the water tongues with large deep hole protrusion angles, the air impact angle of the water tongues is within the range of 35-65 degrees, the impact angle is reasonable, and the water tongues can be effectively dispersed; meanwhile, partial collision water flow is dispersed to the outer side by a design mode of adopting a local deep hole to deflect by a small angle from the outer side, the phenomenon that the local water flow in the middle of the plunge pool is too concentrated is avoided, and a model test result proves that the hydrodynamic pressure of the plunge pool is distributed uniformly in the water entering range of the nappe, and the arrangement mode can avoid the local peak value of the hydrodynamic pressure of the plunge pool and greatly reduce the energy dissipation pressure of the plunge pool.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a 1# surface hole and a 1# deep hole of a flood discharge orifice multilayer asymmetric arrangement method suitable for a high arch dam according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a 2# surface hole and a 2# deep hole of a flood discharge orifice multilayer asymmetric arrangement method suitable for a high arch dam according to the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a 3# surface hole and a 3# deep hole of a flood discharge orifice multilayer asymmetric arrangement method suitable for a high arch dam according to the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a 4# surface hole and a 4# deep hole of a flood discharge orifice multilayer asymmetric arrangement method suitable for a high arch dam according to the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a 5# surface hole and a 5# deep hole of a flood discharge orifice multilayer asymmetric arrangement method suitable for a high arch dam according to the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a 6# surface hole and a 6# deep hole of a flood discharge orifice multilayer asymmetric arrangement method suitable for a high arch dam according to the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a 6# surface hole and a 7# deep hole of a flood discharge orifice multilayer asymmetric arrangement method suitable for a high arch dam according to the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic plan view of a surface hole of a flood discharge orifice multilayer asymmetric arrangement method suitable for a high arch dam according to the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic plan view of deep holes in a multi-layer asymmetric arrangement method for flood discharge orifices of a high arch dam according to the present invention;

fig. 10 is a perspective view of a flood discharging pad suitable for a multi-layer asymmetric arrangement method of flood discharging orifices of a high arch dam according to the present invention;

fig. 11 is a surface-deep-hole combined flood discharge plunge pool hydrodynamic pressure distribution diagram of the flood discharge orifice multilayer asymmetric arrangement method suitable for the high arch dam according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.