阅读说明：本技术 一种用于朝向无负载状态控制压缩机的方法 (Method for controlling a compressor towards a no-load condition ) 是由 K·A·L·马滕斯 S·皮托伊斯 于 2020-01-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于朝向无负载状态控制压缩机的方法,其中,压缩机包括具有入口(5)的压缩机元件(2),在无负载状态下,剩余流量(Q<Sub>D</Sub>)经由入口(5)朝向压缩机元件(2)被抽吸并且被抽吸到压缩机元件(2)中,并且针对从压缩机的负载状态到无负载状态的转变,压缩机元件(2)的入口(5)在相继的不连续转变步骤中部分地关闭。(The invention relates to a method for controlling a compressor towards a no-load condition, wherein the compressor comprises a compressor element (2) having an inlet (5), and in the no-load condition a residual flow (Q) D ) Is sucked towards and into the compressor element (2) via the inlet (5), and the inlet (5) of the compressor element (2) is centered in successive discrete transition steps for a transition from a loaded state to an unloaded state of the compressorAnd is shut off in portions.)

1. A method for controlling a compressor towards an unloaded state, wherein the compressor comprises a compressor element (2), the compressor element (2) being equipped with:

-an inlet (5) and a controllable inlet valve (6) having a valve inlet (7), wherein the inlet valve (6) is configured to be able to at least partially close the inlet (5) of the compressor element (2); and

-an outlet (10) connected to a pressure line (11) connected to a downstream user network (15),

wherein the compressor further comprises a controllable discharge valve (19) connected to the pressure line (11),

wherein in a loaded state of the compressor the discharge valve (19) is closed, the inlet valve (6) is fully opened, and

wherein for a transition from a loaded state towards an unloaded state the method provides the steps of:

-determining an operating pressure (p) in the user network (15)₁₅)；

When the operating pressure (p)₁₅) Reach the set maximum operating pressure (p)_15max) Opening the discharge valve (19) and partially closing the inlet (5) of the compressor element (2) through the inlet valve (6), so that after a transition period from the loaded state to the unloaded state of the compressor, in the unloaded state, a residual flow (Q) remains_D) Is sucked towards and into the compressor element (2) via the inlet (5),

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

during the transition period, the partial closing of the inlet (5) is performed in successive discrete transition steps.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that in a first transition step, the inlet (5) of the compressor element (2) is partially closed, so that the aforementioned residual flow (Q) is referred to_D) -an additional gas flow (Δ Q) is allowed through via the inlet (5), and in any subsequent transition step the inlet (5) is further closed each time, so as to draw via the inlet (5) less and less flow towards and into the compressor element (2).

3. Method according to any of the preceding claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the flow of gas sucked towards and into the compressor element (2) via the inlet (5) is controlled by closing the inlet valve (6) to a greater or lesser extent.

4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that said inlet valve (6) has a flow rate (Q) equal to the aforesaid residual flow rate (Q)_D) A corresponding end position, in one of said successive discontinuous transition steps, the inlet valve (6) being controlled towards a first position into which the inlet valve (6) is not completely closed, so as to draw the residual flow (Q) towards the compressor element (2) more than_D) A large gas flow and drawing it into the compressor element, and in at least one of the subsequent transition steps the inlet valve (6) is further closed into the end position.

5. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the gas flow sucked via the inlet (5) towards and into the compressor element (2) is controlled by connecting or not connecting the inlet (5) of the compressor element (2) with the valve inlet (7) of the inlet valve (6) via one or more additional sealable bypasses (39).

6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that prior to the transition from the load state to the no-load state, the inlet (5) of the compressor element (2) is connected with the valve inlet (7) of the inlet valve (6) via the one or more additional sealable bypasses (39), and at least one of these additional sealable bypasses (39) is at least partially closed during at least one of the successive discontinuous transition steps.

7. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the residual flow rate(Q_D) And maintaining a minimum equilibrium pressure (p) in a pressure tank (12) connected to the pressure line (11)_12u) The minimum gas flow required corresponds.

8. A method according to claim 7, characterized by controlling the flow of gas sucked towards and into the compressor element (2) via the inlet (5) by connecting or not connecting the inlet (5) of the compressor element (2) with the pressure tank (12) via one or more additional sealable bypasses (39).

9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that prior to the transition from the loaded state to the unloaded state, the inlet (5) of the compressor element (2) is connected with the pressure tank (12) via the one or more additional sealable bypasses (39), and at least one of these additional sealable bypasses (39) is at least partially closed during at least one of the successive discontinuous transition steps.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that it further comprises the following steps in order to determine the time for the subsequent transition step:

-determining the pressure (p) in the pressure tank (12)₁₂)；

-for each transition step, presetting an initialization pressure (p) for the subsequent transition step_12max)；

-the pressure (p) in the pressure tank (12) when during the transition period₁₂) Equal to or less than a preset initialization pressure (p) for the subsequent transition step_12max) Then the subsequent transition step is performed.

11. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that said preset initialization pressure (p)_12max) Is selected such that the achieved pressure ratio (p) over the compressor element (2) immediately after performing the subsequent transition step_r) Is less thanPreset maximum pressure ratio (p)_rmax)。

12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that in a first transition step the inlet (5) of the compressor element (2) is partially closed so as to be opposite to the aforementioned residual flow rate (Q)_D) -an additional gas flow (Δ Q) is allowed through via the inlet (5), and in any subsequent transition step the inlet (5) is further closed each time, so as to draw via the inlet (5) less and less flow towards and into the compressor element (2); and wherein the additional gas flow (Δ Q) in the first transition step is controlled by the inlet (5) of the compressor element (2) in order to obtain a pressure ratio (p) smaller than the preset maximum pressure ratio (p) immediately after the execution of the first transition step_rmax) Is achieved pressure ratio (p)_r) Pressure (p) required₅) Determining and the additional gas flow is for a maximum operating pressure (p) at the outlet (10) equal to the setting of the user network (15)_15max) Pressure (p) of₁₀) In (1).

13. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that the additional gas flow (Δ Q) is according to the set maximum operating pressure (p) in the user network (15)_15max) But is determined theoretically or experimentally in advance.

14. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that the additional gas flow (Δ Q) is variable.

15. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that the additional gas flow (Δ Q) has a fixed value.

16. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it further comprises the following steps in order to determine the time for the subsequent transition step:

-for each transition step, presetting a time interval to a subsequent transition step;

-performing said subsequent transition step after the end of the preceding time interval.

17. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the partial closing of the inlet (5) during the transition period is only performed in two consecutive discontinuous transition steps.

18. Compressor comprising a compressor element (2), the compressor element (2) being equipped with:

-an inlet (5) and a controllable inlet valve (6) having a valve inlet (7), wherein the inlet valve (6) is configured to be able to close the inlet (5) except for one or more calibrated openings (33, 34); and

-an outlet (10) connected to a pressure line (11) connected to a downstream user network (15),

wherein the compressor further comprises a controllable discharge valve (19) connected to the pressure line (11),

wherein the compressor further comprises a controller (35) for controlling the operating pressure (p) in the user network (15)₁₅) Reach the set maximum operating pressure (p)_15max) Controlling the inlet valve (6) and the discharge valve (19) during a transition from a so-called loaded state to a so-called unloaded state of the compressor,

wherein in the loaded state the inlet valve (6) is fully open and the discharge valve (19) is closed, an

In the unloaded state, the discharge valve (19) is open and the inlet (5) of the compressor element (2) is partially closed by the inlet valve (6), so that after a transition period from a loaded state to an unloaded state of the compressor, in the unloaded state, a residual flow (Q) remains_D) Is sucked towards and into the compressor element (2) via the inlet (5),

characterized in that it is equipped with means (38) for partially closing the inlet (5) of the compressor element (2) during transition periods using the controller (35) in successive discrete transition steps.

19. Compressor according to claim 18, characterized in that said means (38) are configured to partially close said inlet (5) of said compressor element (2) in a first transformation step, so as to oppose the aforementioned residual flow rate (Q)_D) -an additional flow (Δ Q) is allowed through the inlet (5), and in any subsequent transition step the inlet (5) is further closed each time so as to draw a lesser and lesser flow through the inlet (5) towards and into the compressor element (2).

20. Compressor according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that said means (38) are configured to use said controller (35) to close said inlet valve (6) to a greater or lesser extent.

21. Compressor according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the above-mentioned means (38) comprise one or more additional sealable bypasses (39) configured to form a connection between the inlet (5) of the compressor element (2) and the valve inlet (7) of the inlet valve (6), wherein these additional sealable bypasses (39) are provided with a controllable seal (40).

22. Compressor according to claim 18 or 19, further comprising a pressure tank (12), said pressure tank (12) being connected to said pressure line (11), wherein said means (38) are configured such that in said unloaded state a minimum equilibrium pressure (p) is maintained in said pressure tank (12)_12u) Residual flow (Q) corresponding to the minimum required gas flow_D) Is sucked towards and to the compressor element (2)In the compressor element.

23. Compressor according to claim 22, characterized in that the above-mentioned means (38) comprise one or more additional sealable bypasses (39) configured to form a connection between the inlet (5) of the compressor element (2) and the pressure tank (12), wherein these additional sealable bypasses (35) are provided with a seal (40) controllable by the controller (35).

24. Compressor according to claim 23, characterized in that the controller (35) is equipped with an algorithm to determine when the pressure (p) in the pressure tank (12) is high₁₂) Less than a set minimum threshold (p)_12min) Initially keeping the inlet valve (6) closed during a certain delay period and only thereafter opening the inlet valve during a transition of the compressor from an unloaded state to a loaded state; and during the delay period opening at least one of said additional sealable bypasses (39) in order to allow the pressure in the pressure tank (12) to gradually increase and only the pressure (p) in the pressure tank (12)₁₂) Has reached a set minimum threshold (p)_12min) The inlet valve (6) is opened.

25. Compressor according to claim 22, characterized in that the controller (35) is an electric or electronic controller and in that the inlet valve (6) and the discharge valve (19) are pneumatically controlled by an electric valve connected to the pressure tank (12).

26. Compressor according to claim 22, characterized in that a pressure sensor (37) is provided to measure the pressure (p) in the pressure tank (12)₁₂) And the controller (35) causes, during the transition period, when the measured pressure in the pressure tank (12) is equal to or less than a preset initialization pressure (p)_12max) The transition step is performed.

27. Compressor according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that said controller (35) is equipped with a timer having a set time interval between said successive discontinuous transition steps in order to perform these successive discontinuous transition steps.

28. A compressor according to claim 18 or 19, wherein the compressor has a fixed rotational speed.

29. Compressor according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that it is equipped with a drive for the compressor element (2), wherein no elastic coupling is provided between the compressor element (2) and the drive.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a compressor and in particular to a method for controlling such a compressor during a transition from a load state, in which the compressor must provide compressed gas, such as pressurized air, to a user network, to an unloaded state, in which the compressed gas is not consumed.

The invention relates more particularly to a method for controlling a compressor towards a no-load condition, the compressor comprising a compressor element having an inlet and an inlet valve, wherein, in the no-load condition, a residual flow is drawn in towards and into the compressor element via the inlet and discharged to an outlet of the compressor via a discharge valve, and wherein, for a transition of the compressor from a load condition to the no-load condition, the inlet of the compressor element is partially closed in successive discrete transition steps.

Background

In the unloaded state, the compressor element is not stopped and it continues to be driven at a certain rotational speed. Since in this case the inlet is closed except for some calibrated passage in the inlet valve, only a limited amount of gas is sucked together with the residual flow and no pressure can build up in the pressure tank of the compressor, since the sucked gas is immediately discharged from the outlet to the atmosphere.

Thus, only minimal energy is required to keep the compressor element operating in a no-load condition.

After the transition period, an equilibrium state is reached, in which a certain equilibrium pressure is reached in the pressure tank. "no-load condition" refers to such an equilibrium condition.

The above-mentioned calibration channel is calculated to keep the equilibrium pressure reached in the unloaded state as low as possible for low energy use, yet high enough to ensure, for example, an adequate fluid injection of the fluid removed from the compressed gas in the compressor element from the pressure tank to the compressor element via the fluid circuit, which injection is required, among other things, for adequate cooling and lubrication of the compressor element.

When the operating pressure in the customer network drops below a minimum value selected and set by the customer, a transition from an unloaded state to a loaded state is initiated.

In most conventional compressors, the inlet valve is fully opened immediately upon the operating pressure reaching the above set point, while the discharge valve is fully closed.

This may cause sudden undesirable temperature peaks in the outlet of the compressor element, which may lead to compressor failure.

A solution to this is described in WO15035478, in which the inlet valve is not opened immediately, but only after a certain delay during the transition from an unloaded state to a loaded state. In view of the fact that the solution in this international patent application can be combined with the present invention, the international patent application WO15035478 is hereby incorporated in the present description by reference.

However, an unresolved problem is that which occurs during the opposite transition from the loaded state to the unloaded state, which is where the present invention is considered.

In this transition from a loaded state to a no-load state, in a conventional compressor, the inlet valve is suddenly closed once the desired operating pressure in the customer network is reached, and at the same time the discharge valve is opened. At this point, the pressure at the outlet of the compressor element is at a maximum and approximately equal to the set operating pressure (except for the pressure drop between the outlet of the compressor element and the outlet of the compressor), and the pressure at the inlet of the compressor element is at a minimum and equal to the negative pressure due to the compressor element continuously drawing a small flow of gas via the aforesaid calibrated opening in the inlet valve.

This means that, when the inlet valve is suddenly closed and the discharge valve is open, at the transition from the load condition to the no-load condition, the value of the pressure ratio over the compressor element, in other words: the value of the pressure ratio between the pressure at the outlet and the pressure at the inlet of the compressor element peaks.

This may lead to high vibration levels which are attributable to periodic pressure pulses resulting from the compression of the gas at the outlet of the compressor element and which are conducted to the rotating parts of the compressor element and the driver and possibly the transmission housing between the driver and the compressor element, either directly or via an elastic coupling, in particular when the frequency of the vibrations coincides with the own frequency of the rotating parts or the structure of the compressor. This negative effect is often even more pronounced when the above-mentioned pressure on the compressor element is relatively high, and may lead to undesired damage.

The risk of undesired damage is even greater when there is no resilient coupling between the driver and the compressor element. This is the case, for example, when the elastic coupling is omitted for limiting the length of the compressor, for saving costs or for easier maintenance.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a solution to one or more of the above and/or other drawbacks, and more particularly to provide a solution to the problems associated with transitioning from a loaded state to an unloaded state.

For these purposes, the invention relates to a method for controlling a compressor towards an unloaded state, wherein the compressor comprises a compressor element equipped with:

-an inlet and a controllable inlet valve having a valve inlet, wherein the inlet valve is configured to at least partially close the inlet of the compressor element; and

an outlet connected to a pressure line connected to a downstream user network,

wherein the compressor further comprises a controllable discharge valve connected to the pressure line,

wherein, in a loaded state of the compressor, the discharge valve is closed and the inlet valve is fully opened, and

wherein for a transition from a loaded state towards an unloaded state the method provides the steps of:

-determining an operating pressure in the user network;

-when this operating pressure reaches a set maximum operating pressure, opening the discharge valve and partially closing the inlet of the compressor element by means of the inlet valve, so that after a transition period of the compressor from a loaded state to an unloaded state, in the unloaded state a residual flow is drawn towards and into the compressor element via the inlet,

characterized in that the partial closing of the inlet during the transition period is performed in successive discontinuous (subconcentrate) transition steps.

One advantage of the method according to the invention is that by partially closing the inlet during the transition period in a number of successive, discrete transition steps and thus drawing a flow rate during the transition period which is greater than the residual flow rate, a lower negative pressure is achieved via the inlet of the compressor element or, thus, a greater absolute pressure is achieved in the inlet than would be the case if only the residual flow rate would be immediately drawn via the inlet towards and into the compressor element during the transition period.

At the transition from the loaded state to the unloaded state, the pressure in the outlet of the compressor element is approximately equal to the set maximum operating pressure in the user network, since the transition starts when this set maximum operating pressure is reached. At the same time, as a result of the invention, the absolute pressure in the inlet increases, as a result of which the peak value of the pressure ratio between the pressure in the outlet and the pressure in the inlet at that moment is reduced, with the advantageous result that dangerous vibration levels caused by excessively high peaks of the above-mentioned pressure ratio can be prevented.

Since the equilibrium pressure in the pressure tank connected to the pressure line will be higher than the normal equilibrium pressure in the unloaded state due to the larger suction flow compared to the residual flow sucked in the normal unloaded state, in order to require as little energy as possible to drive the compressor element in the unloaded state, the suction flow needs to be reduced back to the normal unloaded residual flow in one or more transition steps in order to restore the equilibrium pressure in the pressure tank to its normal equilibrium value.

In order to determine the time of the subsequent transition step, the method may further comprise the steps of:

-determining the pressure in the pressure tank;

-for each transition step, presetting an initialization pressure for the subsequent transition step;

-performing the subsequent transition step when the pressure in the pressure tank during the transition period is equal to or less than a preset initialization pressure of the subsequent transition step.

The preset initialization pressure may be preselected such that the pressure ratio achieved across the compressor element immediately after the subsequent transition step is performed is less than the preset maximum pressure ratio.

In the alternative, a simplified method may be used in order to determine the aforementioned time of the subsequent transition step, which method provides for:

-for each transition step, presetting a time interval for the subsequent transition step;

-starting a subsequent transition step after the end of the preceding time interval.

According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, in the first transition step, the additional gas flow drawn into the compressor element is determined by the pressure required in the inlet of the compressor element in order to obtain an achieved pressure ratio, which is less than the preset maximum pressure ratio, immediately after the execution of the first transition step, and which is the pressure at the outlet for a set maximum operating pressure equal to the user network.

Preferably, this additional gas pumped into the compressor element can be determined theoretically or experimentally in advance according to the maximum operating pressure set in the user network.

Furthermore, the additional gas flow drawn into the compressor element in the first transition step will be variable and it is the gas flow that has been predetermined for the set maximum operating pressure when transitioning from the loaded state to the unloaded state.

The additional suction flow may be zero for low values of the set maximum operating pressure in the user network.

Furthermore, the additional gas flow pumped in the first transition step will be variable and it is the gas flow that has been predetermined for the set maximum operating pressure at the transition from the loaded state to the unloaded state.

In the alternative, the additional gas flow pumped in the first transition step can have a fixed value which is determined theoretically or experimentally in advance according to the safe maximum value of the operating pressure in the user network which has to be set, which makes control easy.

Preferably, the method is limited to two consecutive discrete steps of the transition from the loaded state to the unloaded state.

The invention also relates to a compressor comprising a compressor element equipped with:

-an inlet and a controllable inlet valve having a valve inlet, wherein the inlet valve is configured to be able to close the inlet except for one or more calibration openings; and

an outlet connected to a pressure line connected to a downstream user network,

wherein the compressor further comprises a controllable discharge valve connected to the pressure line,

wherein the compressor further comprises a controller for controlling the inlet valve and the discharge valve during a transition of the compressor from a so-called loaded state to a so-called unloaded state when an operating pressure in the customer network reaches a set maximum operating pressure,

wherein, in the loaded state, the inlet valve is fully open and the discharge valve is closed, an

In the unloaded state, the discharge valve is open and the inlet of the compressor element is partially closed by the inlet valve, so that after a transition period of the compressor from a loaded state to an unloaded state, in the unloaded state a residual flow is drawn through the inlet towards and into the compressor element,

characterized in that the compressor is equipped with means for using the controller to partially close the inlet of the compressor element during transition periods in successive discrete transition steps.

It goes without saying that such a compressor according to the invention has the same benefits as the previously described method according to the invention.

Drawings

In order to better illustrate the characteristics of the invention, in the following, without these descriptions having any limiting characteristics, some examples of preferred applications of the compressor according to the invention and of the method for controlling the transition of such a compressor from a loaded state to an unloaded state are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

fig. 1 is a schematic view of a compressor according to the present invention in its loaded state;

FIG. 2 illustrates the portion of FIG. 1 labeled by box F2;

fig. 3 and 4 are corresponding views, but showing the compressor in its unloaded state;

FIG. 5 shows a series of graphs relating to the development over time of some operating parameters of the compressor of FIGS. 1 and 2 during a transition from the loaded state of FIG. 1 to the unloaded state of FIGS. 3 and 4;

fig. 6 shows a compressor according to the invention in an intermediate state between the loaded state of fig. 1 and the unloaded state of fig. 3, more particularly after a first transition step of the method according to the invention;

FIG. 7 shows the time span of the operating parameters of FIG. 5, but with the intermediate state of FIG. 6 taken into account and superimposed on the graph of FIG. 5 for comparison purposes;

fig. 8 and 9 show two other alternative embodiments of the compressor according to the invention.

Detailed Description

The plant shown in fig. 1 relates to a compressor according to the invention, in this case a fluid-injected screw compressor 1, comprising a conventional screw compressor element 2 with a casing 3 in which two cooperating screw rotors 4 are driven by a motor or the like, not shown in the figures.

The compressor element 2 features an inlet 5 sealable by a controllable inlet valve 6 having a valve inlet 7 connected by a suction line 8 to an inlet filter 9 for sucking gas, in this case air, from the environment.

The compressor element 2 is also equipped with an outlet 10 to which a pressure line 11 is connected which is connected via a pressure tank 12 containing a fluid separator 13 and via a cooler 14 with a downstream user network 15 for feeding various pneumatic tools or the like (not shown here).

In this case, a non-return valve 16 is provided at the outlet 10 of the compressor element 2, and a minimum pressure valve 17 is arranged on the outlet of the pressure tank 12.

In the pressure tank 12, a discharge branch 18 is provided which ends at the position of the valve inlet 7 of the inlet valve 6 and which can be sealed by means of a discharge valve 19 in the form of a controllable electric valve.

The screw compressor 1 is equipped with a fluid circuit 20 for the pressure P in the pressure tank 12₁₂From the pressure tank 12, a fluid 21, for example oil, is injected into the compressor element 2 for lubrication and/or cooling and/or for providing mutual sealing between the individual rotors 4 and between the rotors 4 and the housing 3.

The fluid circuit 20 includes an ejector 22 or similar device connected to the pressurized fluid 21 in the pressure tank 12 by an injection line 23 containing a fluid filter 24.

The fluid 21 flowing from the pressure tank 12 to the injector 22 can be diverted via a thermostatic tap 25 via a branch line 26 through a fluid cooler 27 in order to regulate the temperature in the injection line 23.

In the example shown in the figure, a controlled shut-off valve 28 is provided on the ejector 22, which shut-off valve prevents fluid from flowing back from the compressor element 2 to the pressure tank 12 and from flowing from the pressure tank 12 to the compressor element 2 when this compressor element 2 is at rest.

Alternatively, the functions of the check valve 16 and the shut-off valve 28 may also be incorporated in the operation of the inlet valve 6, in which case it is not necessary to provide a physical check valve 16 and a physical shut-off valve 28.

The inlet valve 6 is shown in more detail in fig. 2 and comprises a housing 29, wherein a poppet valve 30 is movably arranged between a position corresponding to a loaded state, as shown in fig. 1, in which the inlet 5 of the compressor element 2 is set open to a maximum, and a position corresponding to an unloaded state, in which except for a residual flow Q_DBeyond some of the calibrated passages 33 and 34, the inlet 5 is closed to the maximum, as shown in figure 4.

In this case, the opening and closing of the inlet valve 6 takes place in a conventional manner under the influence of a pilot pressure which branches off, for example, from the lid of the pressure tank 12 via a control line 31 and is passed through by a control valve 32 or the like in order to close the inlet valve 6, or which is closed in order to open the inlet valve 6.

In the poppet valve 30 itself and in the housing 29 of the inlet valve 6, the above-mentioned calibrated channels 33 and 34 are provided, respectively, said calibrated channels 33 and 34 providing a permanent connection between the valve inlet 7 of the inlet valve 6 and the inlet 5 of the compressor element 2, so as to be able to suck in a controlled manner the residual flow Q when the inlet valve 6 is closed_DSuch as the no load condition in fig. 4.

Furthermore, an electric or electronic control 35 is provided to control the minimum operating pressure P_15minAnd maximum operating pressure P_15maxRegulating an operating pressure P in a user network 15 within a defined pressure interval₁₅Which can be selected by the user of the screw compressor 1 and can be selected and input into the controller 35 and, for this purpose, is used for measuring or determining the operating pressure P in the user network 15₁₅Is connected to the pressure sensor 36.

The controller 35 is also provided with a program or the like for controlling the inlet valve 6 by means of the control valve 32 and the discharge valve 19 such that the operating pressure P in the user network 15 is maintained₁₅Dropping to minimum operating pressure P due to reduction of air_15minWhen the screw compressor 1 enters a load state in which the inlet valve 6 is open and the discharge valve 19 is closed, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, until no further compressed air or gas can be removed or withdrawn, which leads to a pressure P in the user network 15₁₅And (4) rising.

At a pressure p₁₅To the maximum operating pressure p_15maxFrom a load state to a no-load state in which the inlet valve 6 is closed and ventedThe valve 19 is opened as shown in fig. 3 and 4.

Thus, except for the residual flow Q sucked and compressed through the calibrated channels 33 and 34_DBesides, no gas is sucked by the compressor element 2 which is still powered.

As a result, after the transition period, a constant minimum equilibrium pressure p is generated in the pressure tank 12_12uThe value of which depends on the selected calibration channels 33 and 34, the minimum balancing pressure being preferably selected such that, in the unloaded state, it is the minimum balancing pressure p_12uAs low as possible in order to limit the energy required to drive the compressor element 2 in a no-load condition to a minimum.

The minimum equilibrium pressure P_12uE.g. measured by a pressure sensor 37, the signal of which is fed back to the controller 35.

In particular, according to the invention, the screw compressor 1 is equipped with means 38 for using the controller 35 in a first transition step when the set operating pressure p is reached_15maxThe inlet 5 of the compressor element 2 is only partially closed so that a residual flow Q relative to the unloaded state of fig. 3 and 4 is drawn via the inlet 5 towards the compressor element 2_DAnd the additional flow aq is drawn into the compressor element 2, so that the total flow drawn into the compressor element 2 is greater than the remaining flow Q drawn in the unloaded state via the calibration channels 33 and 34_D。

In the case of fig. 1 to 4, the means 38 are formed by an additional bypass 39 with a calibrated opening for bridging the poppet valve 30 of the inlet valve 6 to suck air when the inlet valve 6 is closed, wherein in this additional bypass 39 a controllable shutter 40 is provided, in this case in the form of an electric valve connected to the controller 35.

This is illustrated in the graph of fig. 5, which shows a transition from a loaded state to an unloaded state, wherein the additional bypass 39 is not opened, so that no additional flow is sucked according to the methods conventionally used for transitioning from a loaded state to an unloaded state, as described for example in WO 15035478.

In this fig. 5, the following graphs are shown one after the other: operating pressure p in a subscriber network₁₅Mass flow rate of gas Q sucked by the compressor element 2, pressure p in the pressure tank 12₁₂(under) pressure p in the inlet 5 of the compressor element 2₅Two previous absolute pressures p₁₂And p₅Pressure ratio p between_r＝p₁₂/p₅All on the same time scale t.

This figure 5 shows at time t_EPrevious load state C and after transition period E at time t_DA no-load state D reached at time t_DAn equilibrium state is reached.

At the above time t_EAt this time, the inlet valve 6 is moved from the open position as in fig. 1 to the closed position as in fig. 3, and at the same time, the discharge valve 19 is opened.

After closing the inlet valve 6, the suction flow is limited to the residual flow Q sucked via the calibration channels 33 and 34_D。

This creates a negative pressure in the inlet 5 of the compressor element 2.

By opening the discharge valve 19, gas is discharged from the pressure tank 12 during the transition period E, as a result of which the pressure p in the pressure tank 12 is₁₂From at time t_EAlready approximately equal to the set maximum pressure p in the subscriber network 15_15maxPressure p of₁₂Gradually decreasing to the minimum equilibrium pressure p in the unloaded state D_12u。

Thus, it follows from the graph that at time t_EWhile the pressure p in the pressure tank₁₂At a maximum value and therefore the pressure p in the outlet 10 of the compressor element 2₁₀And at the same time the pressure p in the inlet 5 of the compressor element 2₅At a minimum value, as a result of which the resulting pressure ratio p_rAt time t_EReaches a peak value p_rE。

When pressure ratio p_rIs the peak value p_rEToo high, e.g. when it is greater than the maximum pressure ratio p as shown in fig. 5_rmaxWhen this is not desiredCauses problems as explained in the background. Safety value p_rmaxFor example, it may be determined experimentally or theoretically for a particular screw compressor 1.

Peak value p_rECan be derived, for example, from the pressure p₁₂And p₅Or similar measurements of the associated pressure.

At peak value p_rEKept below the maximum pressure ratio p_rmaxTo the extent that there is no risk of vibration, and no further action need be taken to reduce the peak p_rE。

At the measurement peak p_rEIs actually higher than p_rmaxIn the case of (2), the method according to the invention provides an additional first transition step in which at time t_EAt this time, the inlet 5 of the compressor element 2 is opened further, for example by opening an additional bypass 39 as shown in fig. 6.

As a result, except for the residual flow Q which has been pumped through the calibration channels 33 and 34 as in the unloaded state D_DIn addition, the additional flow Δ Q is drawn by the compressor element 2 via the additional bypass 39, which results in a resulting flow Q_E’。

This effect is illustrated in the graph of fig. 7.

Venting of the pressure tank 12 in the transition period E' will result in a pressure p in the pressure tank 12, since more compressed gas reaches the pressure tank 12₁₂Is reduced less and is directed towards the equilibrium pressure p_12u’It develops that this equilibrium pressure is higher than the aforementioned minimum equilibrium pressure p in the unloaded state of the screw compressor 1 in fig. 5_12u。

At the same time, in the inlet 5 of the compressor element 2, less vacuum will be generated, so that the absolute pressure p in the transition period E' is₅Will be larger.

This results in a pressure ratio p_rIs now reduced to the value p_rE’This value is less than the peak value p, as shown in FIG. 7_rEAnd is less than the aforementioned maximum pressure ratio p_rmax。

Following the first transition stepValue p of the latter pressure ratio_rE’Equal to the ratio of:

pressure p in the pressure tank 12₁₂Said pressure p₁₂At the time t_EIs approximately equal to the set operating pressure p in the user network 15₁₅And an

The negative pressure in the inlet 5, which is a function of the amount of the additional flow Δ Q, which itself depends on the restriction in the additional bypass 39.

Thus, the pressure ratio p_rLimited to a maximum pressure ratio p_rmaxThe required additional flow Δ Q is the set maximum operating pressure p_15maxAnd may for example be based on a set maximum operating pressure p_15maxDetermined theoretically or experimentally.

The restriction in the additional bypass 39 may then be based, for example, on the set maximum operating pressure p_15maxTo control.

Alternatively, a fixed limiting device for the additional bypass 39 can be selected, which will then be dependent on the highest possible maximum operating pressure p that can be set in the user network 15 for safety reasons_15maxTo select.

Obviously, when the set maximum operating pressure p is low_15maxWithout risk (which means that in the first transition step the maximum pressure ratio p without allowing the passage of the extra flow aq in this transition step_rmaxNot exceeded) this extra step of opening the additional bypass 39 according to the invention can be omitted.

Higher equilibrium pressure p after the first conversion step_12u’The energy required to maintain the operation of the screw compressor 1 during this no-load transition period E' is high.

In an additional second transition step, the method according to the invention thus provides for removing the extra flow Δ Q after the first transition period E' (for example by removing the extra flow Δ Q at time t)_E"while closing the additional bypass 39 again) provides a reduction of the flow to the residual flow Q in the unloaded state D)_D。

After a second transition period E', this results in a new equilibriumPressure equal to the equilibrium pressure p in the unloaded state D_12u。

At time t_E"the closing of the additional bypass 39 generates a pressure ratio p_rNew peak value p of_rE", it may not be higher than the maximum pressure ratio p_rmax. If this is not the case, a third or further transition step may be inserted as required, wherein the flow rate sucked via the inlet 5 is reduced with each transition step, for example by closing the additional bypass 39, or by providing a plurality of additional bypasses 39 and in each transition step one or more of said plurality of additional bypasses are at least partially closed.

In the case of fig. 7, two transition steps are sufficient, effectively dividing the transition period E into two shorter transition periods E' and E ".

Time t of the second transition step_E"for example by measuring the pressure p in the pressure tank 12₁₂Or injection pressure p at the injector 22₂₂Or the pressure p at the outlet 10 of the compressor element 2₁₀Is determined such that the second transition step is at time t_E"is performed when the measured pressure has dropped to a preset safe initialization pressure p_12maxOr p_22maxAs shown in fig. 7.

At time t_E"the closing of the additional bypass 39 results in a pressure p in the inlet 5₅Suddenly drop, as a result of which the pressure ratio p_rSuddenly increasing to a new peak p_rE”。

Selecting a preset initialization pressure p_12maxSo that immediately after the second transition step is performed, at time t_E"time, new peak value p_rE"less than the aforementioned preset maximum pressure ratio p_rmax。

If no pressure is measured, time t instead_E"can be assisted by having a programmed time interval t between a first transition step and a subsequent transition step_E”-t_EIs determined by the timer of (a). For example, the time interval to be set may be determined experimentally.

At the slaveDuring the transition from the loaded state to the unloaded state, the pressure tank 12 is preferably vented as quickly as possible in order to maintain the total final transition period E^’And E' is as short as possible for energy conservation. During this transition period, the pressure p in the pressure tank 12₁₂Than the minimum equilibrium pressure p in the unloaded state D_12uIs large.

By keeping the transition period as short as possible, there will be only a small difference between the energy usage in the case of the invention with a transition in two transition steps compared to the energy usage without applying the invention and in the case of a transition in a single transition step.

The additional bypass 39 may also be used to apply the described invention in WO15035478 so as to be at the operating pressure p in the user network₁₅Falls below a set minimum operating pressure p_15minFrom the unloaded state to the loaded state.

In this case, the controller 35 must be provided with an algorithm to close the discharge valve 19 during the transition from the unloaded state to the loaded state, and to keep the inlet valve 6 initially closed, and to open said inlet valve only after a certain delay, and to open the bypass 39 during this delay in order to allow the pressure p in the pressure tank 12₁₂Gradually increased and only when the pressure p in the pressure tank 12₁₂Has reached a set minimum threshold value p_12minThe inlet valve 6 is opened, which threshold is sufficient to avoid temperature peaks due to insufficient fluid ejection.

This means that the same means can be used for preventing temperature peaks during the transition from the unloaded state to the loaded state and for preventing the pressure ratio p during the transition from the loaded state to the unloaded state_rPeak value of (a). This requires only a control adjustment.

Fig. 8 shows an alternative embodiment of a screw compressor 1 according to the invention, which differs from the embodiment of fig. 1 and 3 in that in this case an additional bypass 39 connects the inlet 5 of the compressor element 2 with the pressure tank 12 instead of with the inlet 7 of the inlet valve 6.

In this case, during the transition from the loaded state to the unloaded state, the controllable shutter 40 in this bypass 39 allows receiving an additional flow Δ Q from the pressure tank 12.

In this case, the pressure ratio p_rPeak value p of_rEWill be lower than the peak in fig. 7, but for the pressure P in the pressure tank 12 as a function of time t₁₂Towards the equilibrium pressure P_12u’The drop is not so fast.

The extra flow Δ Q can also be realized without an additional physical bypass 39, but as shown in fig. 9 by not completely closing the inlet valve 6 during the first transition step, so that the extra flow Δ Q is drawn via the inlet 5 in the compressor element 2 during the first transition period E' and only at the time t of the second transition step_E"the inlet valve 6 is completely closed.

It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the shown inlet valve 6, but can also be extended to other valve types, such as butterfly valves or similar.

It is clear that, depending on the type of inlet valve 6 and discharge valve 19, different devices 38 may be used to allow an initial temporary additional flow Δ Q during the transition from the loaded state to the unloaded state.

Thanks to the invention, possible vibration peaks are prevented or vibration patterns are adjusted, which may allow the compressor element 2 to be driven by the motor via a rigid connection without an intermediate flexible coupling.

The invention is in no way limited to a fluid injection screw compressor and a method for controlling a transition from a loaded state to an unloaded state used therein according to the invention as described in the examples and shown in the drawings; on the contrary, the invention can be implemented in various modifications without going beyond the framework of the invention.