阅读说明：本技术 抗弹陶瓷表层板及其制备方法 (Anti-elastic ceramic surface layer plate and preparation method thereof ) 是由 陈健美 金胜明 陈振 于 2020-04-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种抗弹陶瓷表层板及其制备方法,表层板包括抗弹特性层和底柱,抗弹特性表层的外端面为凸面,底柱底面为平面或曲面,抗弹特性表层以其内端面与底柱相连构成抗弹单体,抗弹原理是以其外端面将入射弹头的几何正侵彻转变为物理斜侵彻；各抗弹单体通过抗弹单体侧面互联构成表层板。表层板在制备完成投入使用时,通过抗弹表层外端的凸面将入射弹头的几何正侵彻转变为实际的物理斜侵彻,让弹头在侵彻过程中偏航及钢锥体承受巨大的弯曲拉应力,从而破坏钢锥尖、增大有效拦截面积、消耗更多弹头动能,有效增加防护厚度和面积,是防弹材料减重的有效方法。(The invention discloses an anti-elastic ceramic surface plate and a preparation method thereof, wherein the surface plate comprises an anti-elastic characteristic surface layer and a bottom column, the outer end surface of the anti-elastic characteristic surface layer is a convex surface, the bottom surface of the bottom column is a plane or a curved surface, the inner end surface of the anti-elastic characteristic surface layer is connected with the bottom column to form an anti-elastic monomer, and the anti-elastic principle is that the outer end surface of the anti-elastic characteristic surface layer converts the geometric forward penetration of an incident warhead into physical slant penetration; the elastic-resistant single bodies are interconnected through the side surfaces of the elastic-resistant single bodies to form a surface plate. When the surface layer plate is prepared and put into use, the geometric positive penetration of an incident warhead is converted into actual physical diagonal penetration through the convex surface at the outer end of the bullet-resistant surface layer, and the warhead drifts and bears huge bending tensile stress on a steel cone in the penetration process, so that the steel cone tip is damaged, the effective interception area is increased, more warhead kinetic energy is consumed, the protection thickness and area are effectively increased, and the method is an effective method for reducing the weight of a bulletproof material.)

1. An anti-elastic ceramic surface layer plate is characterized in that: the anti-bullet warhead comprises an anti-bullet single body, wherein the anti-bullet single body comprises a bottom column and an anti-bullet surface layer, the inner end surface of the anti-bullet surface layer is a plane or a curved surface, the outer end surface of the anti-bullet surface layer is a convex surface, the inner end surface of the anti-bullet surface layer is connected with the bottom column into a whole, and the outer end surface of the anti-bullet surface layer is used for converting positive penetration of an incident warhead into physical oblique penetration; and the elastic-resistant single bodies form an elastic-resistant ceramic surface layer plate through bonding or sintering.

2. The ballistic resistant ceramic skin sheet of claim 1, wherein: the bottom columns are regular hexagonal prisms, and the side faces of the bottom columns are interconnected to form a honeycomb structure.

3. The ballistic resistant ceramic skin sheet of claim 2, wherein: the elastic-resistant surface layer is a spherical crown layer, and the diameter of the spherical crown layer is larger than that of the circumscribed circle of the bottom column.

4. The ballistic resistant ceramic skin sheet of claim 2, wherein: the elastic-resistant surface layer is a multi-cone layer.

5. The ballistic resistant ceramic skin sheet of claim 4, wherein: the multi-cone layer comprises six conical surfaces comprising a pair of tetrahedrons and a pentahedron; the bottom surface of the pentahedron is rectangular, the length of the pentahedron is equal to the length of the inscribed circle diameter of the bottom pillar, and the width of the pentahedron is equal to the side length of the bottom pillar; the pentahedron is arranged on the bottom pillar in a centering mode, and the pair of tetrahedrons are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the pentahedron.

6. The ballistic resistant ceramic skin sheet of claim 4, wherein: the multi-cone layer comprises six concave surfaces and six convex surfaces arranged along the periphery of the bottom pillar; the concave surface is a trapezoidal inclined surface, the lower bottom of the concave surface is the side length of the bottom column, the convex surface is a triangular surface, and the bottom edge of the concave surface is the upper bottom of the concave surface.

7. The preparation method of the elastic-resistant ceramic surface layer plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one, pressing ceramic powder by using a mould to form an elastic-resistant single body blank or a single body combination blank or an elastic-resistant ceramic surface layer plate integral blank;

step two, preparing an elastic-resistant ceramic monomer or an elastic-resistant ceramic assembly or an elastic-resistant ceramic surface layer plate by adopting a normal-pressure sintering method;

and step three, forming the elastic-resistant ceramic surface layer plate by the monomer group or the assembly group by using a bonding or sintering method.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of bulletproof ceramic materials, and particularly relates to a bulletproof ceramic surface plate and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The bulletproof composite structure material is usually made of a ceramic sheet and a fiber board which are bonded, the ceramic sheet has enough hardness to damage the structure of the bullet, but the ceramic material has limited toughness and needs a certain thickness to resist the impact of the bullet. The steel core in the warhead generally has dynamic compression strength higher than tensile strength, and the stress wave strength generated by the digging of the warhead is far higher than the compression strength of ceramic, so that the warhead body penetrates through the ceramic to extrude the inverted cone of broken ceramic. At present, the bulletproof ceramic chip is made into a quasi-plane, protection on a warhead is approximately positively penetrated, the penetrating process is similar to symmetrical extrusion penetration, a steel core in the warhead bears extrusion force and shearing force, transverse bending moment relative to the center of mass of the steel core is small, the transverse bending moment is not enough to damage the tip of a steel cone, and the requirements on the thickness and the quality of the ceramic chip are high.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the elastic-resistant ceramic surface plate which enables the warhead to yaw in the penetration process and enables a warhead steel cone to bear huge bending tensile stress and the preparation method thereof.

The invention provides an anti-elastic ceramic surface layer plate, which comprises an anti-elastic monomer, wherein the anti-elastic monomer comprises a bottom column and an anti-elastic surface layer, the inner end surface of the anti-elastic surface layer is a plane or a curved surface, the outer end surface of the anti-elastic surface layer is a convex surface, the anti-elastic surface layer is connected with the bottom column into a whole by the inner end surface of the anti-elastic surface layer, and the outer end surface of the anti-elastic surface layer converts the positive penetration of an incident warhead into physical slant penetration; and the elastic-resistant single bodies form an elastic-resistant ceramic surface layer plate through bonding or sintering.

In order to obtain the effect of stable pressure transmission, the bottom columns are regular hexagonal prisms, and the side surfaces of the bottom columns are interconnected into a honeycomb structure.

For convenience of processing and sintering, the elastic-resistant surface layer is a spherical crown layer, and the diameter of the spherical crown layer is larger than that of the circumscribed circle of the bottom column.

In order to facilitate the control of the angle of the oblique penetration, the elastic-resistant surface layer is a multi-cone layer.

Specifically, the multi-cone layer comprises six conical surfaces including a pair of tetrahedrons and a pentahedron; the bottom surface of the pentahedron is rectangular, the length of the pentahedron is equal to the length of the inscribed circle diameter of the bottom pillar, and the width of the pentahedron is equal to the side length of the bottom pillar; the pentahedron is arranged on the bottom pillar in a centering mode, and the pair of tetrahedrons are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the pentahedron.

Alternatively, the multi-cone layer comprises six concave surfaces and six convex surfaces arranged along the periphery of the bottom pillar; the concave surface is a trapezoidal inclined surface, the lower bottom of the concave surface is the side length of the bottom column, the convex surface is a triangular surface, and the bottom edge of the concave surface is the upper bottom of the concave surface.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the elastic-resistant ceramic surface layer plate, which comprises the following steps:

step one, pressing ceramic powder by using a mould to form an elastic-resistant single body blank or a single body combination blank or an elastic-resistant ceramic surface layer plate integral blank;

step two, preparing an elastic-resistant ceramic monomer or an elastic-resistant ceramic assembly or an elastic-resistant ceramic surface layer plate by adopting a normal-pressure sintering method;

and step three, forming the elastic-resistant ceramic surface layer plate by the monomer group or the assembly group by using a bonding or sintering method.

After the bullet-proof material is prepared and put into use, the convex surface at the outer end of the bullet-proof surface layer is used for converting the geometric positive penetration of an incident bullet into actual physical oblique penetration, so that the bullet is subjected to yawing and huge bending tensile stress on a steel cone in the penetration process, the steel cone tip is damaged, the effective interception area is increased, more kinetic energy of the bullet is consumed, the protection thickness and area are effectively increased, and the bullet-proof material weight reduction method is an effective method for reducing the weight of the bullet-proof material.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of a first preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a front enlarged view of the elastic resistant unit in the first preferred embodiment.

Fig. 3 is a front view enlarged schematic diagram of the elastic single body in the second preferred embodiment.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged side view of the elastic resistant unit according to the second preferred embodiment.

Fig. 5a, 5b and 5c are schematic diagrams illustrating a process for preparing a tapered surface of the elastic surface layer ii according to a second preferred embodiment.

Fig. 6 is a schematic top view of a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic top view of a third preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a front view enlarged schematic diagram of an elastic single body in the third preferred embodiment.

Fig. 9a, 9b, 9c and 9d are schematic diagrams illustrating the preparation process of the tapered surface of the elastic surface layer iii according to the second preferred embodiment.

Sequence numbers of the drawings:

1-multi-body monolithic ceramic, 11-elastic-resistant single body, A-bottom column and B-elastic-resistant surface layer;

b1-an anti-elastic surface layer II and C-a regular hexagon ceramic chip;

b2-elastic resistant skin layer III.

Detailed Description

First preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses the elastic-resistant ceramic skin sheet, which is formed by bonding multi-body monolithic ceramics 1, each of which includes four elastic-resistant single bodies 11 sintered together.

As shown in fig. 2, the elastic-resistant single body 11 includes a bottom pillar a and an elastic-resistant surface layer B, the bottom pillar is a regular hexagonal prism, the elastic-resistant surface layer is a spherical cap layer, and an intersection line of the bottom pillar and the spherical cap layer is an arc line. The opposite side of the regular hexagonal prism is 10mm, the diameter of the spherical cap can be larger than 11.55mm, and the height of the spherical cap layer can be smaller than 5.77mm, so that the thickness of the spherical cap layer and the height of the hexagonal prism are adjusted, and the proper thickness of the elastic-resistant monomer is finally obtained.

The detailed preparation method of the surface plate comprises the following steps:

step one, preparing a regular hexagonal prism type ceramic spherical crown hexagonal prism;

and step two, bonding the ceramic plates comprising the plurality of monomers into a ceramic surface layer plate.

The elastic-resistant monomer can be directly sintered into a ceramic surface layer plate during preparation.

The bottom column is designed into a regular hexagonal prism, and the prisms are mutually connected through side surfaces to form a honeycomb structure, so that the honeycomb structure has the characteristics of pressure stabilization and transmission of the honeycomb structure; the ballistic resistant surface layer is selected to have a spherical crown profile for ease of processing.

During bullet resistance, when the space of the bullet head is normally incident, the actual action is obliquely penetration on the ceramic plate under the action of the spherical crown layer, and the deflection and the transverse bending moment of the bullet head can cause the breakage of the bullet head and the increase of the interception area of the bullet-proof plate, so that the bullet-proof performance of the bullet-proof plate is improved, and the weight of the bullet-proof plate is reduced.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the present embodiment is different from the first preferred embodiment in that: the elastic surface IIB 1 is a multi-cone layer and comprises six conical surfaces, namely a pair of tetrahedrons and a pentahedron; the bottom surface of the pentahedron is rectangular, the length of the pentahedron is equal to the length of the inscribed circle diameter of the bottom pillar, and the width of the pentahedron is equal to the side length of the bottom pillar; the pentahedron is arranged on the bottom pillar in a centering mode, and the pair of tetrahedrons are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the pentahedron. The preparation method comprises the steps of firing a regular hexagon ceramic plate C, wherein in the embodiment, if the length of the opposite side of the regular hexagon is 20mm, the height of the multi-cone is 4mm, and the incident angle corresponding to the multi-cone is 31-39 degrees; if the height of the multi-cone is 5mm, the incident angle corresponding to the multi-cone is between 41 and 45 degrees. The larger the angle, the more the warhead yaws, and the larger the bending moment the ceramic provides to the warhead.

Cutting the regular hexagon ceramic plate along the connecting line of the vertexes at two ends of the diameter of the inscribed circle of the regular hexagon ceramic plate into a pair of isosceles triangles and a rectangle, cutting a pair of trapezoids and a pair of isosceles triangles from the rectangle along the central line of the rectangle in the width direction to prepare six conical surfaces, and finally connecting each conical surface to the corresponding bottom edge of the bottom pillar. The structure mode is convenient for completing the splicing of the elastic resistant surface layer II and the bottom column, and the preparation process of the conical surface is shown in figures 5 a-5 c.

The resulting ballistic resistant ceramic skin sheet prepared in this example is shown in FIG. 6.

During the bullet-proof, realize through the setting of six cones when the warhead space is just inciding, the actual action is on the ceramic plate to be the penetration to one side, and the driftage and the horizontal moment of flexure of warhead will lead to the breaking of warhead and the increase of armor interception area to improve the bulletproof performance of armor and alleviate the weight of armor.

In this embodiment, the bullet-resistant surface layer is designed to be a structure of six cones, so that the effective bullet incident angle can be better controlled compared with a spherical cap type single body.

In a third preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the difference between this embodiment and the first preferred embodiment is: the elastic surface IIIB 2 is a multi-cone layer and comprises twelve conical surfaces, and the twelve conical surfaces comprise six concave surfaces and six convex surfaces which are arranged along the periphery of the bottom pillar; the concave surface is a trapezoidal inclined surface, the lower bottom of the concave surface is the side length of the bottom column, the convex surface is a triangular surface, and the bottom edge of the concave surface is the upper bottom of the concave surface. When twelve conical surfaces are prepared, firstly firing a regular hexagon ceramic plate C, if the length of the opposite side of the regular hexagon is 20mm, taking the height of the multi-cone as 4mm, and then, the incident angle corresponding to the multi-cone is between 31 and 39 degrees; if the height of the multi-cone is 5mm, the incident angle corresponding to the multi-cone is between 41 and 45 degrees. The larger the angle, the more the warhead yaws, and the larger the bending moment the ceramic provides to the warhead.

Then drawing concentric circles of inscribed circles on the regular hexagon ceramic wafer, connecting three diameters of the circumscribed circles of the regular hexagon, wherein six intersection points exist between the diameters and the concentric circles, obtaining an isosceles trapezoid taking two vertexes of the regular hexagon and a pair of intersection points as four vertexes, and an isosceles triangle taking the two intersection points as bottom points and the circle center as a vertex, cutting the regular hexagon ceramic wafer into six isosceles trapezoid sheets and six isosceles triangle sheets, then attaching the lower bottom of the isosceles trapezoid sheets to the side of the bottom column, inclining the upper bottom of the isosceles trapezoid sheets, and tilting the vertexes of the isosceles triangle sheets to form a dodecapyramid. The cone preparation process is shown in FIGS. 9 a-9 d.

Twelve cones are better symmetrical and uniform than six cones and spherical crown type.

After the bullet-proof material is prepared and put into use, the convex surface at the outer end of the bullet-proof surface layer is used for converting the geometric positive penetration of an incident bullet into actual physical oblique penetration, so that the bullet is subjected to yawing and huge bending tensile stress on a steel cone in the penetration process, the steel cone tip is damaged, the effective interception area is increased, more kinetic energy of the bullet is consumed, the protection thickness and area are effectively increased, and the bullet-proof material weight reduction method is an effective method for reducing the weight of the bullet-proof material. The composite material can be used for equipment such as ceramic fiber composite plates and ceramic light metal composite plates, can greatly improve the elasticity resistance, and reduce the weight of the armor, and is an effective measure for light structural design of the equipment.