阅读说明：本技术 能够同时收集机械能和热能的直流纳米发电机及传感器 (Direct-current nano generator capable of collecting mechanical energy and heat energy simultaneously and sensor ) 是由 刘迪 易郅颖 周灵琳 王杰 其他发明人请求不公开姓名 于 2020-05-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种能够同时收集机械能和热能的直流纳米发电机及传感器。该能够同时收集机械能和热能的直流纳米发电机包括机体、转子部以及定子部；机体内部具备容纳空间；转子部设置于容纳空间内,转子部包括摩擦介质层；定子部设置于容纳空间内且与转子部相向设置,定子部包括摩擦电极和电荷收集电极,其中,摩擦电极面向摩擦介质层设置,当定子部与转子部相对运动时摩擦电极与摩擦介质层能够摩擦起电,电荷收集电极面向摩擦介质层设置且与摩擦介质层间隔预设距离,以在定子部与转子部相对运动时电荷收集电极与摩擦介质层之间形成电场。本发明的能够同时收集机械能和热能的直流纳米发电机,对于机械能的转换率高,且能够同时收集热能。(The invention discloses a direct-current nano generator and a sensor capable of collecting mechanical energy and heat energy simultaneously. The direct-current nano generator capable of simultaneously collecting mechanical energy and heat energy comprises a machine body, a rotor part and a stator part; the body is provided with an accommodating space inside; the rotor part is arranged in the accommodating space and comprises a friction medium layer; the stator part is arranged in the accommodating space and arranged opposite to the rotor part, the stator part comprises a friction electrode and a charge collection electrode, the friction electrode is arranged facing to a friction medium layer, the friction electrode and the friction medium layer can generate friction electrification when the stator part and the rotor part move relatively, the charge collection electrode is arranged facing to the friction medium layer and is spaced from the friction medium layer by a preset distance, and an electric field is formed between the charge collection electrode and the friction medium layer when the stator part and the rotor part move relatively. The direct-current nano generator capable of simultaneously collecting mechanical energy and heat energy has high conversion rate of mechanical energy and can simultaneously collect heat energy.)

1. A direct current nanogenerator capable of simultaneously collecting mechanical energy and thermal energy, comprising:

a body having an accommodating space therein;

the rotor part is arranged in the accommodating space and comprises a friction medium layer;

the stator part is arranged in the accommodating space and opposite to the rotor part, and comprises a friction electrode and a charge collecting electrode, wherein the friction electrode is arranged facing the friction medium layer, the friction electrode and the friction medium layer can be electrified by friction when the stator part and the rotor part move relatively, and the charge collecting electrode is arranged facing the friction medium layer and is separated from the friction medium layer by a preset distance so as to form an electric field between the charge collecting electrode and the friction medium layer when the stator part and the rotor part move relatively.

2. The direct current nanogenerator capable of collecting mechanical energy and thermal energy simultaneously as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stator portion further comprises a stator substrate, the stator substrate is disposed facing the rotor portion, the friction electrode is disposed on a side of the stator substrate facing the rotor portion, and the friction electrode is capable of generating electricity by friction with the friction medium layer when the stator substrate and the rotor portion move relatively.

3. The direct current nanogenerator capable of simultaneously collecting mechanical energy and thermal energy of claim 2, wherein the charge collection electrodes are disposed on the sides of the stator substrate.

4. The direct current nanogenerator according to claim 2, wherein a surface of the stator substrate facing the rotor portion has a recessed region, and the charge collection electrode is disposed in the recessed region.

5. The direct current nanogenerator of claim 2, wherein the stator base plate is fan-shaped as viewed from the stator section toward the rotor section.

6. The direct current nanogenerator capable of simultaneously harvesting mechanical energy and thermal energy according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the number of the stator portions is plural, and the plural stator portions are annularly arranged along a circumferential direction of the rotor portion.

7. The direct current nanogenerator of claim 1, wherein the rotor portion further comprises a rotor substrate, the rotor substrate is disposed facing the stator portion, the friction medium layer is disposed on a side of the rotor substrate facing the stator portion, the rotor substrate is movable relative to the stator portion, and the friction medium layer is capable of triboelectrically charging the friction electrode.

8. The direct current nanogenerator capable of simultaneously collecting mechanical energy and thermal energy of claim 1, wherein the distance between the charge collection electrode and the friction medium layer is in the range of 50um to 1 cm.

9. The direct current nanogenerator capable of collecting mechanical energy and thermal energy simultaneously of claim 1, wherein the material of the friction medium layer is an insulator material, and the material of the friction electrode and the material of the charge collection electrode are both conductive materials.

10. The direct current nanogenerator capable of simultaneously harvesting mechanical and thermal energy of claim 1, operating in a high temperature environment; preferably, the temperature is in the range of 293K to 473K.

11. The direct current nanogenerator capable of simultaneously harvesting mechanical and thermal energy of claim 10, wherein said temperature range is 413K-473K.

12. The direct current nanogenerator capable of collecting mechanical energy and thermal energy simultaneously of claim 1, wherein the interior of the housing space of the body is filled with a gas medium; preferably, the gas medium is air, nitrogen, oxygen or argon, or a mixed gas of two or more gases;

and/or the pressure intensity range in the containing space of the machine body is 10Pa-100000 Pa; preferably, the pressure is in the range of 100Pa to 2000 Pa.

13. A sensor comprising a direct current nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 12 capable of simultaneously harvesting mechanical and thermal energy.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of energy collection, in particular to a direct-current nano generator and a sensor capable of collecting mechanical energy and heat energy simultaneously.

Background

The existing alternating current friction nano generator converts mechanical energy in the environment into electrostatic energy through contact electrification, and then converts the electrostatic energy into electric energy through electrostatic induction.

However, due to the existence of the dielectric breakdown phenomenon, the conventional ac friction nano generator can only convert a part of electrostatic energy into electric energy, and the other part of electrostatic energy is released due to the electrostatic breakdown, so that the final energy output of the conventional ac friction nano generator does not exceed the input mechanical energy, and the energy conversion rate is low as a whole.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention provides a direct-current nano generator and a sensor capable of collecting mechanical energy and heat energy simultaneously, and aims to solve the problem that the existing alternating-current friction nano generator is low in energy conversion rate.

On one hand, the embodiment of the invention provides a direct-current nano generator capable of collecting mechanical energy and heat energy simultaneously, which comprises a machine body, a rotor part and a stator part; the body is provided with an accommodating space inside; the rotor part is arranged in the accommodating space and comprises a friction medium layer; the stator part is arranged in the accommodating space and arranged opposite to the rotor part, the stator part comprises a friction electrode and a charge collection electrode, the friction electrode is arranged facing to a friction medium layer, the friction electrode and the friction medium layer can generate friction electrification when the stator part and the rotor part move relatively, the charge collection electrode is arranged facing to the friction medium layer and is spaced from the friction medium layer by a preset distance, and an electric field is formed between the charge collection electrode and the friction medium layer when the stator part and the rotor part move relatively.

According to an aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, the stator portion further includes a stator substrate, the stator substrate is disposed to face the rotor portion, the friction electrode is disposed on a surface of the stator substrate facing the rotor portion, and the friction electrode is capable of triboelectrically charging with the friction medium layer when the stator substrate and the rotor portion move relatively.

According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, the charge collecting electrode is disposed at a side of the stator substrate.

According to an aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, a side of the stator substrate facing the rotor portion has a recessed region, and the charge collection electrode is disposed in the recessed region.

According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, the stator base plate has a fan shape as viewed from the stator portion toward the rotor portion.

According to an aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, the number of the stator portions is plural, and the plural stator portions are annularly arranged along a circumferential direction of the rotor portion.

According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, the rotor portion further includes a rotor substrate disposed facing the stator portion, the friction medium layer is disposed on a side of the rotor substrate facing the stator portion, the rotor substrate is movable relative to the stator portion, and the friction medium layer is capable of triboelectrically charging the friction electrode.

According to one aspect of an embodiment of the invention, the spacing between the charge collection electrode and the friction medium layer is in the range of 50um-1 cm.

According to one aspect of the embodiment of the invention, the material of the friction medium layer is an insulator material, and the materials of the friction electrode and the charge collection electrode are both conductive materials.

According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, operating in a high temperature environment; preferably, the temperature is in the range of 293K to 473K.

According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, the temperature range is 413K-473K.

According to an aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, the interior of the accommodating space of the body is filled with a gas medium; preferably, the gas medium is air, nitrogen, oxygen or argon, or a mixed gas of two or more of the gases; and/or the pressure intensity range in the containing space of the machine body is 10Pa-100000 Pa; preferably, the pressure is in the range of 100Pa to 2000 Pa.

In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a sensor including a dc nano-generator capable of collecting mechanical energy and thermal energy simultaneously as described above.

According to the direct-current nano generator capable of simultaneously collecting mechanical energy and heat energy provided by the embodiment of the invention, when the stator part and the rotor part move relatively, the friction electrode and the friction medium layer are subjected to friction electrification to convert mechanical energy into electrostatic energy, an electric field is formed between the charge collection electrode and the friction medium layer, the electrostatic energy is directly converted into electric energy through electrostatic breakdown, and meanwhile, the dielectric breakdown is enhanced by using heat energy at high temperature, so that the mechanical energy and the heat energy are simultaneously collected in a single nano generator, the conversion rate of the nano generator to the mechanical energy is improved, the heat energy in the environment can be simultaneously collected, and the problem that the energy conversion rate of the conventional alternating-current friction nano generator is lower is solved. The enhancement of air breakdown in low-pressure and high-temperature environments provides possibility for the direct-current friction nano generator to be applied to extraterrestrial planet energy collection (such as being applied to a low-pressure high-temperature environment naturally formed on a planet), and greatly widens the application of the direct-current friction nano generator.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a split structure of a dc nano-generator capable of simultaneously collecting mechanical energy and thermal energy according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a body of a dc nano-generator capable of collecting mechanical energy and thermal energy simultaneously according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3a and 3b are schematic diagrams illustrating a power generation principle of a dc nano-generator capable of simultaneously collecting mechanical energy and thermal energy according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the change of the output performance of the dc nano-generator capable of simultaneously collecting mechanical energy and thermal energy according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the output performance of the dc nano-generator capable of simultaneously collecting mechanical energy and thermal energy according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6a and 6b are schematic diagrams illustrating changes in output performance of the dc nano-generator capable of simultaneously collecting mechanical energy and thermal energy according to the embodiment of the present invention when the pressure of the dc nano-generator rises in an air, nitrogen, or oxygen atmosphere.

Fig. 7a and 7b are schematic diagrams illustrating output performance variation of the dc nano-generator capable of simultaneously collecting mechanical energy and thermal energy under different loads in an air, nitrogen and oxygen atmosphere according to the embodiment of the present invention.

In the drawings:

100-body, 200-rotor part, 300-stator part;

101-inlet, 102-outlet;

201-friction medium layer, 202-rotor substrate;

301-rubbing electrode, 302-charge collection electrode, 303-stator substrate.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the described embodiments.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the terms "first" and "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; "plurality" means two or more; the terms "inner", "outer", "top", "bottom", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a dc nano-generator capable of collecting mechanical energy and thermal energy simultaneously according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a body 100, a rotor portion 200, and a stator portion 300; the body 100 has an accommodating space therein; the rotor part 200 is arranged in the accommodating space, and the rotor part 200 comprises a friction medium layer 201; the stator portion 300 is disposed in the accommodating space and opposite to the rotor portion 200, the stator portion 300 includes a friction electrode 301 and a charge collection electrode 302, wherein the friction electrode 301 faces the friction medium layer 201, the friction electrode 301 and the friction medium layer 201 can be triboelectrically charged when the stator portion 300 and the rotor portion 200 move relatively, and the charge collection electrode 302 faces the friction medium layer 201 and is spaced from the friction medium layer 201 by a predetermined distance, so as to form an electric field between the charge collection electrode 302 and the friction medium layer 201 when the stator portion 300 and the rotor portion 200 move relatively. In this embodiment, the friction nano-generator operates in a high temperature environment, the temperature range may be 293K-473K, when the stator portion 300 and the rotor portion 200 move relatively, the friction electrode 301 and the friction medium layer 201 rub to generate electricity, so as to convert mechanical energy into electrostatic energy, an electric field is formed between the charge collection electrode 302 and the friction medium layer 201, and the electrostatic energy is directly converted into electric energy through electrostatic breakdown. Preferably, the friction nano-generator works in a high-temperature environment, and the temperature range is preferably 413K-473K.

It should be noted that, in the environment where human beings live, there are multiple types of energy at the same time, and usually, multiple energy collection techniques must be relied on to collect multiple types of energy at the same time, and due to the mismatch between the various energy collection techniques, the complexity of the energy collection system is greatly increased. The nanometer generator that this embodiment provided directly converts the electrostatic energy that the triboelectrification produced to breakdown energy, utilizes electrostatic breakdown, can reduce friction surface residual charge to reduce the electrostatic energy loss, simultaneously, the produced electric charge amount of triboelectrification is not influenced under high temperature environment hardly, combines the gain of avalanche breakdown under the high temperature environment from this, realizes collecting mechanical energy and heat energy simultaneously in single nanometer generator.

As the ambient temperature increases, the mean free path and collision probability of electrons increase, so that the electrons in the electric field will obtain more energy, so that avalanche breakdown occurs more easily, the output of the nano-generator will increase with the increase of the temperature, and the output power and voltage of the nano-generator will increase.

In the nano-generator of the embodiment, when the stator portion 300 and the rotor portion 200 move relatively under the external driving action, the friction electrode 301 and the friction medium layer 201 rub to generate electricity, electrons are transferred from the friction electrode 301 to the friction medium layer 201, the surface of the friction electrode 301 has net positive charges, the surface of the friction medium layer 201 has net negative charges, an electric field is formed between the charge collection electrode 302 and the surface of the friction medium layer 201, the electric field is enhanced along with the continuous relative movement of the stator portion 300 and the rotor portion 200, breakdown occurs when the electric field is stronger than a dielectric breakdown critical value, electrons flow from the surface of the friction medium layer 201 to the charge collection electrode 302, discharge is realized, and if the stator portion 300 and the rotor portion 200 keep moving relatively all the time, the discharge process is continued all the time. In addition, the electrons transferred from the friction electrode 301 to the friction medium layer 201 due to triboelectrification are transferred from the friction medium layer 201 to the charge collection electrode 302 due to dielectric breakdown, and then flow back to the friction electrode 301 through an external circuit, because the direction of the electric field is always directed from the charge collection electrode 302 to the friction medium layer 201, the direction of the output current of the nano generator is always unidirectional, that is, the output current of the nano generator is direct current. Thus, the nano-generator of the present embodiment has the power generation principle as shown in fig. 3a and fig. 3b (fig. 3a illustrates triboelectrification, fig. 3b illustrates dielectric breakdown), and the charge collection electrode 302 and the triboelectric electrode 301 can be directly used to connect with an electronic device, so that the electronic device can be directly driven without a rectifier bridge and an energy storage unit.

For the dielectric breakdown, in particular practice, the dielectric may be air, or other mixed gas species, or a single gas species. The occurrence of dielectric breakdown is related to the material of the friction dielectric layer 201 and the distance between the friction dielectric layer 201 and the charge collecting electrode 302, and the dielectric breakdown is easy to occur by reasonably selecting the material of the friction dielectric layer 201 and the distance.

In addition, as shown in fig. 2, the body 100 has an air inlet 101 and an air outlet 102, and the composition, pressure, etc. of the gaseous medium in the body 100 can be controlled through the air inlet 101 and the air outlet 102; both the air inlet 101 and the air outlet 102 may be located at the top of the machine body 100. The gas medium may be air, a gas such as nitrogen, oxygen, or argon, or a single gas or a mixed gas of two or more gases. The pressure in the body 100 may range from 10Pa to 100000Pa, preferably from 100Pa to 2000 Pa.

As an alternative embodiment, the stator portion 300 further includes a stator substrate 303, the stator substrate 303 is disposed facing the rotor portion 200, the friction electrode 301 is disposed on a surface of the stator substrate 303 facing the rotor portion 200, and the friction electrode 301 can be frictionally electrified with the friction medium layer 201 when the stator substrate 303 and the rotor portion 200 move relatively.

The stator substrate 303 of the embodiment is used for fixing the friction electrode 301, so that the friction electrode 301 and the friction medium layer 201 can be triboelectrically charged, and the friction electrode 301 and the stator substrate 303 can be in bonding connection; the stator substrate 303 is fixedly connected to the inside of the machine body 100 and can be adhered to the inner wall of the machine body 100; the material of the stator substrate 303 is an insulating material.

As an alternative embodiment, the charge collection electrode 302 is disposed on the side surface of the stator substrate 303, and compared with the friction electrode 301, the charge collection electrode 302 has a larger distance from the friction medium layer 201, so that an electric field is formed between the charge collection electrode 302 and the friction medium layer 201 when the stator portion 300 and the rotor portion 200 move relatively, and air (gas medium) breakdown occurs. The spacing between the charge collection electrode 302 and the friction medium layer 201 may range from 50um to 1 cm.

As an alternative embodiment, the surface of the stator substrate 303 facing the rotor portion 200 has a recessed area, and the charge collection electrode 302 is disposed in the recessed area, so as to ensure that the charge collection electrode 302 and the friction medium layer 201 have a proper distance therebetween.

In this embodiment, the recess may be a groove structure, the charge collecting electrode 302 is embedded in the groove, and the shape of the groove may match with the shape of the charge collecting electrode 302 to stably fix the charge collecting electrode 302; alternatively, one surface of the stator substrate 303 facing the rotor portion 200 may have a stepped structure, a thinner region of the stator substrate 303 is a recessed region, the charge collecting electrode 302 is disposed in the region, and an edge of the charge collecting electrode 302 may abut against the stepped portion.

As an alternative embodiment, the stator base plate 303 has a fan shape as viewed from the stator portion 300 toward the rotor portion 200.

The stator substrate 303 of the present embodiment may have a fan shape, and correspondingly, the rubbing electrode 301 may also have a fan shape, the charge collecting electrode 302 may extend linearly, and the charge collecting electrode 302 may be disposed on a radial side of the fan-shaped stator substrate 303, or the charge collecting electrode 302 may be disposed on a fan-shaped surface of the fan-shaped stator substrate 303.

As an alternative embodiment, the number of the stator portions 300 is plural, and the plural stator portions 300 are annularly arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotor portion 200.

The plurality of stator portions 300 of the present embodiment may be annularly arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotor portion 200, and one ends of the plurality of stator portions 300 may be joined to each other, where a region is provided corresponding to the rotation center of the rotor portion 200; preferably, the plurality of stator portions 300 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotor portion 200.

When the stator portion 300 is shaped like a sector as viewed from the stator portion 300 toward the rotor portion 200, the opposite ends of the ends where the arc-shaped edges of the plurality of stator portions 300 are located may be engaged with each other, that is, the plurality of stator portions 300 may be formed as a circle with a plurality of sectors removed, and the center of the circle may correspond to the rotation center of the rotor portion 200.

It can be understood that the plurality of stator portions 300 can rotate synchronously relative to the rotor portion 200, the friction electrodes 301 of the plurality of stator portions 300 are simultaneously in friction electrification with the friction medium layer 201, and the charge collection electrodes 302 of the plurality of stator portions 300 and the friction medium layer 201 form an electric field, which is equivalent to that a plurality of nano generators are connected in parallel, so that the overall electric energy output is improved.

As an alternative embodiment, the rotor portion 200 further comprises a rotor base plate 202, the rotor base plate 202 is disposed facing the stator portion 300, the friction medium layer 201 is disposed on a side of the rotor base plate 202 facing the stator portion 300, the rotor base plate 202 is capable of moving relative to the stator portion 300, and the friction medium layer 201 is capable of triboelectrically charging the friction electrode 301.

The rotor substrate 202 of the embodiment is used for fixing the friction medium layer 201, so that the friction medium layer 201 and the friction electrode 301 have a proper distance and can be triboelectrically charged, and the friction medium layer 201 and the rotor substrate 202 can be in adhesive connection; the rotor substrate 202 is fixedly connected to the inside of the machine body 100, can be adhered to the inner wall of the machine body 100, and is arranged facing the stator part 300, specifically, the rotor substrate 202 and the stator substrate 303 are arranged oppositely; the rotor substrate 202 is made of an insulating material.

In addition, a foam layer is arranged between the friction medium layer 201 and the rotor substrate 202, so that the contact between the friction medium layer 201 and the friction electrode 301 is softer, the abrasion of the friction medium layer 201 is reduced, and the service life of the whole generator is prolonged.

As an alternative embodiment, the friction medium layer 201 is disposed so as to cover the stator portion 300.

The friction medium layer 201 of the present embodiment may be a single piece, and when the rotor portion 200 and the stator portion 300 rotate relatively, the friction electrode 301 can be always rubbed with the friction medium layer 201 to generate electricity, and meanwhile, an electric field can be always formed between the charge collection electrode 302 and the friction medium layer 201. Further, when the number of the stator portions 300 is plural, the disposition range of the friction medium layer 201 covers all the stator portions 300.

As an alternative embodiment, the rotor base plate 202 may be circular when viewed from the rotor portion 200 to the stator portion 300, the center of the circular rotor base plate 202 is the rotation center, the friction medium layer 201 may also be circular, and the area of the friction medium layer 201 is greater than or equal to the area of the area swept by the stator portion 300.

As an alternative embodiment, the stator portion 300 and the rotor portion 200 may be disposed vertically above and below, and the stator substrate 303 may be disposed above or below the rotor substrate 202. When the stator portion 300 is located above the rotor portion 200, the stator substrate 303 is located above the rotor substrate 202, the friction electrode 301 is disposed on the bottom surface of the stator substrate 303, and correspondingly, the friction medium layer 201 is disposed on the top surface of the rotor substrate 202.

As an alternative embodiment, the material of the friction medium layer 201 is an insulator material, and the materials of the friction electrode 301 and the charge collection electrode 302 are both conductive materials. The materials of the stator substrate 303, the rotor substrate 202 and the foam layer mentioned above are all light insulating materials.

In this embodiment, the material of the friction medium layer 201 is an insulator material, and further is a material close to the negative direction of the triboelectric sequence, so that the electronic capability is strong, which is beneficial to improving the output of the nano-generator, and when the selected materials are high temperature resistant materials, the material can work at a higher temperature, thereby laying a material foundation for collecting mechanical energy and heat energy at the same time. Can be selected from: polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), polyimide (Kapton), nylon, and the like. The material of the rubbing electrode 301 and the charge collecting electrode 302 is conductive material, and may be metal material or metal alloy, and may be selected from: copper, aluminum, iron, and the like.

Further, the material of the friction medium layer 201 may be an electret material, such as teflon, which can store electric charges for a long time, and is beneficial to the formation and maintenance of the electric field and the occurrence of electrostatic breakdown.

Meanwhile, the surface appearance of the materials of the friction medium layer 201 and the friction electrode 301 can be modified by a micromachining method, for example, the materials are processed into an uneven surface with micro protrusions, so that the friction effectiveness is improved, the electric field is enhanced, and the occurrence of dielectric breakdown is facilitated.

Hereinafter, the output characteristics of the dc nano-generator of the present embodiment will be described in terms of the type of the medium, the pressure, and the ambient temperature, respectively:

firstly, as the air pressure gradually rises, the output power increases to about 1000Pa and reaches a peak value, and then decreases, as shown in fig. 4. This is consistent with the phenomenon described by the air breakdown theory, which indicates that under a suitable atmospheric pressure environment, the air breakdown process can be enhanced, thereby increasing the electrical energy output.

Secondly, under the air pressure of 300Pa, the output electricity quantity shows exponential increase along with the increase of the temperature, as shown in figure 5. The reason is that the thermal energy enhances the air breakdown and the high temperature reduces the residual charge on the surface of the friction medium layer 201, enabling the simultaneous collection of mechanical and thermal energy.

And thirdly, in the test pressure range of 10Pa to 100000Pa, the output performance (transferred charge quantity and output voltage) in the oxygen atmosphere is obviously higher than that in the air and nitrogen atmosphere, as shown in fig. 6a and 6 b. The reason is that the breakdown threshold voltage of oxygen is lower than that of air and nitrogen in the air pressure range, and under the same condition, the direct-current nano-generator of the embodiment can collect more charges generated by oxygen molecule breakdown in the oxygen atmosphere, so that higher output performance is obtained, and the change law of the gas breakdown curve of the paschen law is met.

Fourth, under normal pressure and different loads (impedances), the output current and the output power in the oxygen atmosphere are about twice as high as in the air atmosphere, as shown in fig. 7a and 7 b. It is shown that the output performance can be significantly gained under atmospheric oxygen atmosphere and can be directly used to charge capacitors and drive electronics.

In summary, the direct current nano generator of the present embodiment can achieve thermal energy enhancement air breakdown within a certain range of air pressure and temperature, further, has higher energy conversion efficiency at the air pressure and temperature at which breakdown occurs more easily, and can achieve enhancement of output performance, and particularly, the oxygen atmosphere has a significant gain effect on the output performance.

Therefore, the direct-current nano generator of the embodiment can realize output performance regulation and control by adjusting the type of the gas medium and the air pressure, and provides a clear direction for optimization of the direct-current nano generator.

Embodiments of the present invention further provide a sensor, including a direct current nanogenerator capable of collecting mechanical energy and thermal energy simultaneously as in the above embodiments.

In this embodiment, the dc nano-generator is used as a power generation element, and can directly drive an induction element and other power consumption elements without a rectifier bridge and an energy storage unit, and also can be directly used as the induction element or a component of the induction element, and the dc nano-generator has high conversion efficiency for mechanical energy, and can collect heat energy while collecting mechanical energy, so that the energy utilization is more sufficient, the power generation capability is stronger, and the application scenarios of the sensor are widened, for example, the dc nano-generator can be applied to air pressure sensing, gas sensing, temperature sensing, and the like, thereby providing reliable support for the wide application of the sensor.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only illustrative of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.