阅读说明：本技术 一种适宜浅海滩涂单体牡蛎养殖的方法及装置 (Method and device suitable for cultivating single oysters on shallow sea beach ) 是由 于瑞海 李海昆 李琪 刘洋 李春华 于 2020-02-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种适宜浅海滩涂单体牡蛎养殖的方法及装置。本发明可直接把单体牡蛎苗放在养殖网笼内,吊养浅海滩涂的筏架绠绳上,通过每天二次潮汐变化使养殖的单体牡蛎在养殖网笼中滚动产生的磨擦及潮汐流冲击力,来保持壳表面和壳缘光滑,壳型美观漂亮,不需要再进行人工打磨等繁琐工作,降低人力、物力,养殖成本大大降低,养成的单体牡蛎价格高于普通牡蛎1-2倍价格,效益非常显著,另外还提高浅海滩涂的利用率。本发明能够适用于饵料丰富、水环境良好的浅海滩涂区域,并且利用潮汐变化养殖单体牡蛎的养殖方式,满足单体牡蛎养殖的发展需求,同时不用人工进行单独打磨,提高牡蛎品质和价值。(The invention provides a method and a device suitable for culturing monomeric oysters on shallow seas and beaches. According to the invention, the monomeric oyster seedlings can be directly placed in the culture net cage and hung on the raft frame rope for culturing the shallow sea beach, the surface and the edge of the shell are kept smooth by friction and tidal current impact force generated by rolling the cultured monomeric oysters in the culture net cage through twice tidal changes every day, the shell is attractive and beautiful, tedious work such as manual polishing is not needed, the labor and material resources are reduced, the culture cost is greatly reduced, the price of the cultured monomeric oysters is 1-2 times higher than that of common oysters, the benefit is very obvious, and the utilization rate of the shallow sea beach is also improved. The invention can be suitable for shallow sea beach areas with rich bait and good water environment, meets the development requirement of culturing the monomeric oysters by utilizing the culturing mode of culturing the monomeric oysters by tidal change, and simultaneously improves the quality and the value of the oysters without manually and independently polishing.)

1. The method for cultivating the monomeric oysters on the shallow sea beach is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selecting a shallow sea beach culture sea area;

(2) selecting single oyster seedlings;

(3) loading the single oyster seedlings into a culture net cage: filling the cultured monomer oyster seedlings into a culture net cage;

(4) hanging the cultivation net cage on the shallow sea beach for cultivation: hanging the cultivation net cage in which the single oyster seedlings are placed on a raft frame erected on a mudflat for cultivation;

(5) culturing and managing the single oysters, and harvesting the oysters when the oysters reach certain commodity specifications.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein step (1) is specifically: the tidal flat of the culture sea area which accords with the national water quality is selected, the bait is rich, the daily tide changes into a shallow sea tidal flat water area with half-day tide, the maximum water depth can reach more than 2.0m when the tide rises, and the tidal flat surface can be exposed when the tide falls off to serve as the culture sea area of the single oyster.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) is specifically: selecting monomer oyster seedling which is cultured by induction treatment and is not in set state, and culturing the monomer oyster seedling with the size of 1.5-2.0cm by upward flow and downward flow to be used as the cultured monomer oyster seedling.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that said step (5) is in particular: during the cultivation of the monomeric oysters, the cultivation net cage is replaced once every 4 to 5 months, and meanwhile, the oysters can be harvested after the oysters reach the commodity specification of 8.0 to 10.0cm and the soft bodies are full through natural cultivation for 1.0 to 1.5 years according to the density of the sparse cultivation net cage of the monomeric oysters.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation net cage in the step (3) comprises a net cage body (1) made of polyethylene plastic net, a net cage cover (2) is arranged at one open end of the net cage body (1), a hook (3) with a sealing cover is arranged on the net cage cover (2), polyethylene ropes (4) are arranged on two sides of the opening of the cultivation net cage, floating balls (5) are tied on the polyethylene ropes (4), and a hanging buckle (6) is arranged at the other end of the net cage body (1) and is used for buckling on a boom rope (8) on a cultivation frame (7).

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the buoyancy of the floating ball (5) is determined according to the weight of the aquaculture net cage, when tide rises, the net cage body (1) is floated above the aquaculture raft frame (7) by the buoyancy of the floating ball (5), so that the cultured oyster bodies roll down on one end of the net cage buckled on the raft frame, when tide falls, the buoyancy of the floating ball (5) is reduced, the net cage body (1) returns to the lower part of the raft frame, so that the oyster bodies return to the end with the floating ball (5), and the oyster bodies are enabled to utilize friction generated by rolling and impact force of tidal current in the aquaculture net cage by twice tidal change every day, so that the shell surface and the shell edge are kept smooth.

7. A method according to claim 5, characterised in that said floating ball (5) is an ellipsoid of 26-32cm diameter made of PVC or PE material flanked by polyethylene ropes (4) of 3-5mm diameter.

8. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the netpen body (1) is made of polyethylene plastic net with aperture of 1.0-1.5cm into netpen with length of 60-80cm, width of 35-40cm and thickness of 15-20 cm; covering the net cage cover (2) after the single oyster seedlings are filled, covering the suspension buckles (6) on the boom ropes (8) of the culture raft frame (7), and hanging 300 and 400 culture net cages (1) per mu; 300-400 oyster seedlings can be placed in the mesh cage main body (1), and 100000-120000 monomer oyster seedlings are placed in each mu of sea area; in the culture process, 150-800200 oysters are placed in each net cage according to the sparse culture density of the growth of the oysters, and 60000-80000 adult oysters are cultured per mu.

9. The method according to claim 5, wherein the culturing raft (7) is fixed by a support (9), a boom rope (8) is arranged at the upper end of the support (9), the boom rope (8) is a polyethylene rope with a diameter of 2.5-3.5cm and a length of 60-80m, the height of the support (9) is 1.0-1.2m, 4 raft frames can be arranged per mu, and the direction of the raft frames is perpendicular to the direction of the tide.

Technical Field

The invention relates to an oyster cultivation method, in particular to a new method for cultivating a single oyster by utilizing tides on a shallow sea beach, belonging to the field of aquaculture.

Background

The oyster is one of four cultured oysters in China, the yield of the oyster accounts for 1/3 of the total shellfish culture yield in China and accounts for more than 85% of the total oyster production in the world, but the oyster production value in China is only 3% of the export production value of the oysters in the world, all oysters eaten by high-grade hotels in various cities in China are imported from abroad, the price of a single oyster is more than 30 yuan, the price of the oysters cultured in China is only several yuan, and the single oyster is not sufficient for one yuan and is far different from the imported oyster price.

The reason is that high-quality monomeric oysters which can be eaten are difficult to produce due to the limitations of the oyster cultivation water environment and the traditional cultivation mode in China except that China has no world famous oyster brand. The monomeric oyster is free and has no fixed base, and the monomeric oyster is not limited by the growth space due to the freeness, so that the shell shape is regular and beautiful, the size is uniform, the quality and the grade of the oyster can be improved, the price is high, the economic benefit is remarkable, and the monomeric oyster is convenient to put in the culture and harvest.

At present, the cultivation time of the monomeric oysters in China is short, the scallop cultivation net cage is mainly adopted for marine cultivation, but in the cultivation process of the monomeric oysters, the net cage is easily cut by extremely sharp edges of the oyster shells, so that the cultivated monomeric oysters are lost, the cultivation acre yield is reduced, the cultivation net cage is damaged and cannot be used, and the cultivation cost is increased; in a small amount of culture areas, imported special oyster culture net cages are adopted for shallow sea and beach bed type culture, but the special culture net cages are expensive and have higher cost, so that shallow sea beach culture is less, and the utilization rate of natural resources of shallow sea beaches is extremely low. However, in order to achieve the standard of oyster imported from foreign countries, the method for cultivating the monomeric oysters needs to artificially polish the surface and the edge of the shell of the monomeric oyster for 1-2 times during the cultivation period of the monomeric oysters to keep the surface of the shell smooth, which is a great workload, and no more effective cultivation method exists at present in foreign countries. In addition, feeding is not needed in oyster cultivation, cultivation sea areas cannot be polluted, water quality of the sea areas can be improved, oyster cultivation is advocated consistently all over the world, and the existing oyster cultivation mode influences the yield of high-quality oysters.

Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a more effective method for culturing oysters in the monomer state, so as to improve the quality and value of the oysters while reducing the cost.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a method and a device for culturing the monomeric oysters suitable for shallow sea beach sea areas, so as to overcome the defects of the traditional oyster culturing mode.

The method utilizes shallow sea beach and tidal change to cultivate the monomeric oysters, breaks through the traditional oyster cultivation technology, meets the requirement of the large-scale cultivation of the monomeric oysters and the effective utilization of beach water areas, and improves the quality of the oysters to achieve the purposes of quality improvement and efficiency improvement. The invention improves the quality of the cultivated oysters by developing the shallow sea beach water area with rich bait so as to make up the defects of the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:

a method suitable for cultivating monomeric oysters on shallow seas comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting a shallow sea beach culture sea area;

(2) selecting single oyster seedlings;

(3) loading the single oyster seedlings into a culture net cage: filling the cultured monomer oyster seedlings into a culture net cage;

(4) hanging the cultivation net cage on the shallow sea beach for cultivation: hanging the cultivation net cage in which the single oyster seedlings are placed on a raft frame erected on a mudflat for cultivation;

(5) the single oysters are cultured and managed, and the oysters can be harvested after reaching a certain commodity specification through natural culture.

Further, the step (1) is specifically as follows: the tidal flat of the culture sea area which accords with the national water quality is selected, the bait is rich, the daily tide changes into a shallow sea tidal flat water area with half-day tide, the maximum water depth can reach more than 2.0m when the tide rises, and the tidal flat surface can be exposed when the tide falls off to serve as the culture sea area of the single oyster.

Further, the step (2) is specifically as follows: selecting monomer oyster seedling which is not fixedly metamorphosis and cultured by epinephrine induction treatment, and culturing the monomer oyster seedling with the size of 1.5-2.0cm by upward flow and downward flow to be used as the cultured monomer oyster seedling.

Further, the step (5) is specifically as follows: during the cultivation of the single oysters, the cultivation net cage is replaced once every 4 to 5 months, and the oysters can be harvested after the oysters reach the commodity specification of 8.0 to 10.0cm and the soft bodies are full through natural cultivation for 1.0 to 1.5 years according to the density of the sparse cultivation net cage of the single oysters.

Further, the cultivation net cage main body in the step (3) is made of a polyethylene plastic net, a net cage cover is arranged at one end of an opening of the net cage main body, a hook with a sealing cover is arranged on the net cage cover, polyethylene ropes are arranged on two sides of the opening of the cultivation net cage, the polyethylene ropes are provided with floating balls, and a hanging buckle is arranged at the other end of the net cage main body and used for being buckled on a boom rope on a cultivation raft frame to perform cultivation.

Furthermore, the buoyancy of the floating ball is determined according to the weight of the cultivation net cage, so that the net cage body can float upwards above the raft frame by utilizing the buoyancy of the floating ball when the monomeric oyster cultivation net cage is in high tide, the cultivated monomeric oysters roll down to the net cage and are buckled at one end of the raft frame, the buoyancy of the floating ball is reduced along with the reduction of tide water when the tide falls, the net cage body returns to the lower part of the raft frame, the cultivated monomeric oysters return to the end with the floating ball, and the cultivated monomeric oysters utilize the friction generated by rolling and the impact force of tidal flow in the cultivation net cage through the twice tidal change every day, so that the surface and the edge of the shell are kept smooth.

Furthermore, the floating ball is made of PVC or PE materials and is in an oval shape with the diameter of 26-32cm, the floating ball is environment-friendly and durable, and polyethylene ropes with the diameter of 3-5mm are tied on two sides of the floating ball.

Further, the mesh cage main body is made of a polyethylene plastic mesh with the aperture of 1.0-1.5cm into a mesh cage with the length of 60-80cm, the width of 35-40cm and the thickness of 15-20cm, the monomeric oyster seedlings are filled into the mesh cage, the mesh cage is covered, the suspension buckles are buckled on the boom ropes of the culture raft frame, and 300-400 culture mesh cages can be hung per mu; 300 plus 400 oyster seedlings can be placed in the mesh cage main body, and 100000 plus 120000 monomer oyster seedlings can be placed in each mu of sea area; in the culture process, 150 oyster shells can be placed and cultured for each net cage according to the sparse culture density of the growth of the oysters, and 60000 oyster shells can be cultured for each mu of land and 80000 adult shells can be cultured for each mu of land.

Further, the culture rafts are fixed by supports, the upper ends of the supports are provided with ropes, the ropes are polyethylene ropes with the diameter of 2.5-3.5cm and the lengths of the ropes are 60-80m, the heights of the supports are 1.0-1.2m, 4 rafts can be arranged per mu, and the direction of the rafts is vertical to the tide direction.

The invention has the advantages and technical effects that:

according to the invention, the monomeric oyster seedlings can be directly placed in the culture net cage and hung on the raft frame rope on the shallow sea beach, the cultured monomeric oysters are enabled to roll in the culture net cage to generate friction and tidal current impact force through twice tidal changes every day, attachments are prevented from attaching, the shell surface and the shell edge are kept smooth, the shell shape is attractive and beautiful, tedious work such as manual polishing is not needed, manpower and material resources are reduced, the culture cost is greatly reduced, the price of the cultured monomeric oysters is 1-2 times higher than that of common oysters, the benefit is very obvious, and the utilization rate of the shallow sea beach can be improved.

The invention can be suitable for shallow sea beach areas with rich bait and good water environment, meets the development requirement of culturing the monomeric oysters by utilizing the culturing mode of culturing the monomeric oysters by tidal change, and simultaneously improves the quality and the value of the oysters without manually and independently polishing.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the aquaculture net cage of the present invention.

Wherein, 1-the mesh cage main body, 2-the mesh cage cover, 3-the hook, 4-the polyethylene rope, 5-the floating ball, 6-the suspension clasp, 7-the culture raft, 8-the boom rope and 9-the support.

Detailed Description

The invention is further explained and illustrated below by means of specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.