阅读说明：本技术 新型杀虫剂组合 (Novel insecticide combinations ) 是由 斯里尼瓦桑·伦冈 于 2020-02-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及新型杀虫剂组合。所述组合包含：氧化磷酸化的解偶联剂,其选自溴虫腈、DNOC和氟虫胺或它们的衍生物；电压依赖性钠通道阻断剂,其选自氰氟虫腙、茚虫威或它们的衍生物；以及线粒体ATP合酶抑制剂,其选自三唑锡、三环锡、苯丁锡、三氯杀螨砜、炔螨特、丁醚脲或它们的衍生物。所述组合增强了施用其的作物的绿化和产量增加、使施用其的作物晚衰、从而增加作物的产量、导致施用其的作物中的害虫压力降低、增强了杀虫活性且增强保护植物免受昆虫、螨虫或线虫侵袭或侵染。(The present invention relates to novel combinations of insecticides. The combination comprises: an oxidatively phosphorylated decoupling agent selected from the group consisting of chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and sulfluramid or derivatives thereof; a voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or derivatives thereof; and a mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor selected from the group consisting of azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, dicofol, propargite, diafenthiuron or derivatives thereof. The combination enhances greening and yield increase of the crop to which it is applied, makes the crop to which it is applied late-senescence, thereby increasing the yield of the crop, leads to reduced pest pressure in the crop to which it is applied, enhances pesticidal activity and enhances protection of the plant from insect, mite or nematode attack or infestation.)

1. A combination, comprising:

a. an oxidatively phosphorylated decoupling agent selected from the group consisting of chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and sulfluramid or derivatives thereof;

b. a voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or derivatives thereof; and

c. a mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, dicofol, propargite, diafenthiuron or derivatives thereof.

2. The combination of claim 1, wherein the combination comprises:

a. chlorfenapyr or a derivative thereof;

b. indoxacarb or a derivative thereof; and

c. diafenthiuron or a derivative thereof.

3. A composition, comprising:

a. an oxidatively phosphorylated decoupling agent selected from the group consisting of chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and sulfluramid or derivatives thereof;

b. a voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or derivatives thereof; and

c. a mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, dicofol, propargite, diafenthiuron or derivatives thereof.

4. The composition of claim 3, wherein the composition comprises:

a. chlorfenapyr or a derivative thereof;

b. indoxacarb or a derivative thereof; and

c. diafenthiuron or a derivative thereof.

5. The composition of claim 5, wherein the composition comprises by weight:

0.1 to 99 percent of chlorfenapyr or a derivative thereof;

0.1% to 99% indoxacarb or a derivative thereof; and

c.0.1% to 99% diafenthiuron or a derivative thereof.

6. A method of controlling insect pests at a habitat, the method comprising applying to the habitat a combination or composition of the preceding claims comprising:

(d) an oxidatively phosphorylated decoupling agent selected from the group consisting of chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and sulfluramid or derivatives thereof;

(e) a voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or derivatives thereof; and

(f) a mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, dicofol, propargite, diafenthiuron or derivatives thereof.

7. A kit of parts comprising a plurality of components, wherein the plurality of components comprises:

(iv) an oxidatively phosphorylated decoupling agent selected from the group consisting of chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and sulfluramid or derivatives thereof;

(v) a voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or derivatives thereof; and

(vi) a mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, dicofol, propargite, diafenthiuron or derivatives thereof.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a combination comprising chlorfenapyr. The combinations are very suitable for controlling harmful animal pests, such as insects, acaricides and/or nematodes.

Background

Yield loss due to damage by invertebrate pests is a major problem facing most agriculturists. This damage can be minimized with modern pesticides and biological control agents. However, as pesticide resistance increases, newer active ingredients must be used in combination to counteract the resistance of the insect pest.

Chlorfenapyr belongs to a newer chemical class of pyrrole, and has the effects of insecticides, acaricides, and miticides. No other chemicals were present in this group. Has a chemical name of 4-bromo-2- (4-chlorophenyl) -1- (ethoxymethyl) -5- [ (trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, and has the following structure:

chlorfenapyr (chlorofenpyr) was registered by the EPA 1 month 2001 and can be used for non-food crops in greenhouses. In 2005, EPA determined the tolerance of chlorfenapyr residues in or on all food commodities. Chlorfenapyr works by disrupting the production of adenosine triphosphate, specifically the "N-ethoxymethyl group of chlorfenapyr is removed by mixed function oxidase oxidation to form the compound CL 303268. CL303268 decouples oxidative phosphorylation at mitochondria, leading to the interruption of ATP production, cell death and ultimately to the death of the organism. Chlorfenapyr has limited applicability in insecticides.

Indoxacarb (indoxacarb) belongs to the chemical class of oxadiazines used as insecticides. The IUPAC name is (S) -N- [ 7-chloro-2, 3,4a, 5-tetrahydro-4 a- (methoxycarbonyl) indeno [1,2-e ] [1,3,4] oxadiazin-2-ylcarbonyl ] -4' - (trifluoromethoxy) carbamic acid methyl ester having the structure:

indoxacarb mainly acts on lepidoptera larvae. Its main mode of action is by blocking neural sodium channels. It is very lipophilic with a Kow of 4.65. Indoxacarb has been suggested for use in apples, pears, canola, sweet corn, lettuce and fruit vegetables (fruiting vegetables).

Diafenthiuron (diafenthiuron) is a thiourea acaricide and insecticide, under the IUPAC name 1-tert-butyl-3- (2, 6-diisopropyl-4-phenoxyphenyl) thiourea. Has the following structural formula:

thus, there is a continuing need in the art for combinations of pesticidal compounds with other pesticides that help to improve the control spectrum. With reduced crop tolerance, reduced application rates and increased resistance, there is a need for a combination of active substances which allows a combination of therapeutic and prophylactic active substances and has a broader spectrum of disease control at lower doses.

Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention may ameliorate one or more of the above problems:

thus, embodiments of the present invention may provide combinations of insecticides with enhanced efficacy over the individual active compounds used alone.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a combination of insecticides that enhances the greening of the crop to which it is applied.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a combination which will provide a late senescence in crops to which it is applied, thereby increasing the yield of the crop.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a combination which results in a reduction of pest pressure in the crop to which it is applied.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a combination which achieves increased yield in the crop to which it is applied.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a combination of insecticides which enhances the insecticidal activity.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a combination which enhances the protection of plants from attack or infestation by insects, acarids or nematodes.

Some or all of these and other objects of the invention may be achieved by the invention described hereinafter.

Disclosure of Invention

Accordingly, one aspect of the present invention may provide a combination comprising:

(a) an oxidatively phosphorylated decoupling agent selected from the group consisting of chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and sulfluramid or derivatives thereof;

(b) a voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or derivatives thereof; and

(c) a mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, dicofol, propargite, diafenthiuron or derivatives thereof.

Yet another aspect of the present invention may provide a composition comprising:

(i) an oxidatively phosphorylated decoupling agent selected from the group consisting of chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and sulfluramid or derivatives thereof;

(ii) a voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or derivatives thereof; and

(iii) a mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, dicofol, propargite, diafenthiuron or derivatives thereof.

Detailed Description

The term "disease control" as used herein means control and prevention of diseases. The control effect includes all deviations from natural development, for example: killing, delaying and reducing pests. The term "plants (plants)" refers to all physical parts of a plant, including seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, leaves and fruits. As used herein, the term "habitat (locus) of a plant is intended to cover the place where the plant is growing, where plant propagation material of a sown plant or plant propagation material of a plant is to be placed into the soil. The term "plant propagation material" is understood to mean the reproductive part of a plant, such as a seed; nutritional materials such as cuttings or tubers; roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes and plant parts; germinated plants and young plants to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from the soil. These young plants may be protected by a full or partial soaking treatment prior to transplantation.

Surprisingly, it was found that the insecticidal and/or acaricidal and/or antimicrobial activity or and/or plant-enhancing activity and/or yield-enhancing activity of the active compound combinations according to the invention is significantly higher than the sum of the activities of the individual active compounds.

It has been surprisingly found that the combination of chlorfenapyr with indoxacarb and diafenthiuron results in a surprising, unexpected and synergistic enhancement of the efficacy of the combination of chlorfenapyr with indoxacarb and diafenthiuron.

Accordingly, in one aspect, the present invention provides a combination comprising:

(a) an oxidatively phosphorylated decoupling agent selected from the group consisting of chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and sulfluramid or derivatives thereof;

(b) a voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or derivatives thereof; and

(c) a mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, dicofol, propargite, diafenthiuron or derivatives thereof.

In one embodiment, it is surprising that the combination of chlorfenapyr, indoxacarb and diafenthiuron with a single mode of action and a limited spectrum of control in controlling insect pests results in a surprising enhancement of broad spectrum efficacy.

In one aspect, the combination of the invention may be mixed with at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient to prepare the composition of the invention.

Thus, in another aspect, the present invention may provide a composition comprising:

(a) an oxidatively phosphorylated decoupling agent selected from the group consisting of chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and sulfluramid or derivatives thereof;

(b) a voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or derivatives thereof; and

(c) a mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, dicofol, propargite, diafenthiuron or derivatives thereof.

The combinations and/or compositions of the present invention are useful for controlling insect pests of habitat.

Accordingly, in one aspect, the present invention provides a method of controlling insect pests at a habitat, said method comprising applying to the habitat a combination or composition comprising:

(a) an oxidatively phosphorylated decoupling agent selected from the group consisting of chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and sulfluramid or derivatives thereof;

(b) a voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or derivatives thereof; and

(c) a mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, dicofol, propargite, diafenthiuron or derivatives thereof.

The above-described aspects may have one or more embodiments.

Each of the embodiments described below may be applied to one or all of the aspects described above. These embodiments are considered to be preferred features of one or all aspects described above. Each of the embodiments described below applies to each of the aspects described above, respectively.

The amount of the composition according to the invention to be applied will depend on various factors, such as the object treated, e.g. the plant, soil or seed; type of treatment, such as spraying, dusting or dressing; for treatment purposes, e.g., prophylactic or therapeutic or application time or pest pressure or intensity. The person skilled in the art can easily deduce the amount of the composition of the invention to be applied.

In one embodiment, the total amount of chlorfenapyr in the composition may typically be from 0.1% to 99%, preferably from 0.2% to 90%, by weight. The total amount of indoxacarb in the composition may be from 0.1% to 99% by weight. The total amount of diafenthiuron in the composition can be from 0.1% to 99% by weight.

In one embodiment, the component fungicides of the combinations of the present invention can be mixed in the proportions of (1-80): (1-80) chlorfenapyr, indoxacarb and diafenthiuron, respectively.

In one embodiment, the combinations of the invention may be applied to the habitat simultaneously or sequentially so that the diamide insecticide or pyridylpyrazole insecticide, the pyrethroid insecticide and the mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitor may be applied in the form of a tank mix or a pre-mixed composition.

Accordingly, in this aspect, the present invention provides a tank mix comprising:

(i) an oxidatively phosphorylated decoupling agent selected from the group consisting of chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and sulfluramid or derivatives thereof;

(ii) a voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or derivatives thereof; and

(iii) a mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, dicofol, propargite, diafenthiuron or derivatives thereof.

The control method of the present invention may be carried out by spraying the suggested tank mix, or individual insecticides may be formulated into a kit of parts containing various components which may be mixed as instructed prior to spraying.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides a kit of parts comprising a plurality of components, wherein the plurality of components comprises:

(i) an oxidatively phosphorylated decoupling agent selected from the group consisting of chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and sulfluramid or derivatives thereof;

(ii) a voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or derivatives thereof; and

(iii) a mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, dicofol, propargite, diafenthiuron or derivatives thereof.

In one embodiment, the kit of parts comprises an instruction manual comprising instructions directing the user to mix the components prior to use.

In one embodiment, the components of the present invention may be packaged such that the components may be packaged individually and then tank mixed prior to spraying.

In another embodiment, the components of the present invention may be packaged such that the active components are packaged separately and the other additives are packaged separately so that the two can be tank mixed at the time of spraying.

In one embodiment, the ingredients of the compositions of the present invention may be tank mixed and sprayed at the locus of infestation of the pests, or may be mixed with a surfactant and then sprayed.

In one embodiment, the ingredients of the composition of the invention may be used for foliar application, ground application or application of plant propagation material.

In one embodiment, the compositions of the present invention can be generally prepared by mixing the active agent in the composition with an inert carrier, and adding surfactants and other adjuvants and carriers as needed and formulating into solid or liquid formulations, including but not limited to wettable powders, granules, powders, soluble (liquid) concentrates, suspensions, oil-in-water emulsions, water-in-oil emulsions, emulsifiable concentrates, capsule suspensions, ZC formulations, oil dispersions or other known formulation types. The compositions may also be used to treat plant propagation material, such as seeds and the like.

Examples of the solid carrier used in the formulation include fine powders or granules, for example, minerals such as kaolin, attapulgite clay, bentonite, montmorillonite, acid white clay, pyrophyllite, talc, diatomaceous earth and calcite; natural organic materials such as corn cob meal and walnut shell meal; synthetic organic materials such as urea; salts, such as calcium carbonate and ammonium sulfate; synthetic inorganic materials such as synthetic hydrated silica; and aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene, alkylbenzene, and methylnaphthalene as liquid carriers; alcohols such as 2-propanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; ketones such as acetone, cyclohexanone and isophorone; vegetable oils such as soybean oil and cottonseed oil; petroleum aliphatic hydrocarbons, esters, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile and water.

Examples of the surfactant include anionic surfactants such as alkyl sulfate ester salts, alkylaryl sulfonates, dialkyl sulfosuccinates, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ether phosphate ester salts, lignosulfonates, and naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde polycondensates; nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl polyoxypropylene block copolymers and sorbitan fatty acid esters; and cationic surfactants such as alkyltrimethylammonium salts.

Examples of other formulation aids include water-soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone; polysaccharides such as gum arabic, alginic acid and salts thereof, CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), xanthan gum; inorganic materials such as magnesium aluminum silicate and alumina sol, preservatives, colorants; and stabilizers such as PAP (isopropyl acid phosphate) and BHT.

In one embodiment, the insect pests to be controlled by the combinations of the invention may belong to the classes Insecta (Insecta), Arachnida (Arachnida) and Nematoda (Nematoda). Exemplary insect pests may include: pests from the order Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera), such as the genus plectra (acreris spp.), the genus trichoplusia (adoxyphaes spp.), the genus athyria (aegypsy spp.), the genus athyria (Aegeria spp.), the genus trichogramma (Agrotis spp.), the genus gossypiella gossypii (arabiamarellaceae), the genus amonois spp., the genus athyria spodoptera (antiballidia gemmatalis), the genus diaphora (cryptophyma) the genus chrysosporium (arctiana spp.), the genus fascicularia spp., the genus autograptopha spp., the genus diaphora (autograptopha spp.), the genus diaphora cochlegma (budesonia fusca), the genus physalis sepha (corynebacterium spodoptera spp.), the genus cryptophyta (cryptophyta), the genus chrysospora spp.), the genus cryptophysalis plusia (cryptophyta, the genus chrysospora spp.), the genus chrysospora spp, the genus chrysosporium (cryptophysalis spp.), the genus chrysosporium spp), the genus chrysosporium (cryptophysalis spp.), the genus corynebra spp.), the genus cryptophysa (cryptophysa), the genus chrysospora spp.), the genus corynebra spp.), the genus cryptophysa (cryptophysa), the genus chrysospora spp.), the genus cryptophysa (cryptophysalis spp.), the genus corynebra spp.), the genus chrysospora spp.), the genus corynebra spp.), the genus cryptophysa (sepha spp.), the genus cryptophysa), the species cochleariae (Cydia spp.), the genus Diabrotica (Diatraea spp.), the genus Periploca sudana (Dipropsis castanea), the genus Elapina (Earias spp.), the genus Diabrotica, the genus Plumbum (Eatrias spp.), the genus Diaphania mellifera (Elasmopalpus spp.), the genus Pieris punctata (Ephysta spp.), the genus Ceratoptera variegata (Eucosma spp.), the genus Ligustrum (Euglenopsis ambiguella), the genus Flammerfuginella (Euproctispp), the genus Heliothis (Euxoa spp.), the genus Grapholitha spp.), the genus Mariothis foenus (Grapholitura spp.), the genus Spodopteria variegata (Hedyangiecta), the genus Heliothis spp.), the genus cabbage moth (Heliothis spp.), the genus Heliothis plusia (Heliothis virescens), the genus Heliothis (Lyophylli), the genus Lyophyllus (Lyophylla), the genus Lyophyllus (Lyophylla), the genus Lyophylla (Lyophyllum), the genus Lyophyllum (Lyophyllum) and the species (Lyophyllum) or Lyophyllum (Lyophyllum) or Lyophyllum (Ly, Fall armyworm (operpthera spp.), european corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), ultramarine (Pammene spp.), phaeoptera (Pandemis spp.), Spodoptera littoralis (panoli flamae), pink bollworm (pectinospora gossypiella), potato moth (phoma operculella), cabbage butterfly (Pieris rapae), pink butterfly (Pieris spp.), diamond back moth (Plutella xylostella), white moth (Prays spp.), agrostis (scirphaga spp.), stem worm (Sesamia spp.), long hair curly moth (spiragoothria spp.), synephora (sporophys spp.), Spodoptera (synechomoth, Spodoptera), and Spodoptera litura (Ostrinia spp.); from the order of the Coleoptera (Coleoptera), for example, the genus Strobilanthus (Agriotes spp.), the genus Rhynchophorus (Antonomus spp.), the genus Cryptophania farinosa (Atomarialiniris), the genus Tortoise (Ceutorrhynchus spp.), the genus Diaphorina (Chaetomorpha tibialis), the genus Rhizophyllum (Cosmolites spp.), the genus Notopterus (Curculio spp.), the genus bark beetle (Dermestspep), the genus Diabrotica (Diabrotica spp.), the genus Iridanophythus (Epilachnathus spp.), the genus Eremonus spp.), the genus Gonociceps spp, the genus Rhizophyllus (Heterophyllus spp.), the genus Rhizophyllus (Heterophyllophyces spp.), the genus Rhizophus spp), the genus Rhizophus spp (Phenophora spp), the genus Spirophys spp (Phomopsis spp.), the genus Spirophys spp (Phomopsis, the genus Spirophys spp), the genus Spirophys spp (Phosphora, the genus Spirophys spp.), the genus Spirophys spp) The genera trichoplusia (sitotraga spp.), Tenebrio (Tenebrio spp.), kombusia (Tribolium spp.) and dermestin (troglogerma spp.); pests from the order Orthoptera (Orthoptera), for example, the genera Blatta (Blatta spp.), Blatta (blattalla spp.), mole cricket (Gryllotalpa spp.), madura (leucorhae maderae), Locusta (Locusta spp.), Periplaneta (periplana spp.) and Locusta desert (schistoserca spp.); pests from the Isoptera (Isoptera), for example, the genus Reticulitermes spp; pests from the order rodentia (psoroptera), for example, the genus protocois (Liposcelis spp.); pests from the order of the louse (anoplora), for example the genera diaphorina (haemantoupinus spp.), mandshurica (lingogalus spp.), pediculosus (pedilussp.), pediculosus (pediculussp.), gophysa (Pemphigus spp.), and cuplymus (Phylloxera spp.); pests from the order Mallophaga (Mallophaga), for example, the genera zoophthiridae (Damalinea spp.) and chavicola (trichoectes spp.); pests from the order Thysanoptera (Thysanoptera), for example Thrips (Frankliniella spp.), Thrips (Hercinothrips spp.), Thrips (taeniothri spp.), Thrips palmi (Thrips palmi), Thrips tabaci (Thrips tabaci) and Thrips citri (Scirtothrips aurantii); mites, pests from the order hemiptera (Heteroptera), for example, Dichelops melaanthus, Dichettes bugs (distantiellatoobroma), Gottus gossypii (Dysdercus spp.), Orchikus (Eukistus spp.), lygus applanatus (Eurygaster spp.), lygus lucorum (Leptosporidium spp.), green bugs (Nezara spp.), Piesma spp.), red stinkbug (Rhodnius spp.), brown stinkbugs (Sahlella singularis), black har (Scotopa spp.) and vertebral stinkbugs (Triatospp spp.); pests from the order Homoptera (Homoptera), for example, aleurosporium (Aleurotrixus florosus), aleyrodids (Aleyrodes brassiccus), Psychotria (Amidocystis spp.), Psychotria (Amidiella spp.), Aphididae (Aphiddae), Aphis spp.), Aspongopus (Aphis spp.), Psychotyridium (Aspidiotus spp.), Bemisia (Bemisia tabaci), Ceramium (Ceroplaster spp.), Lecopaxon (Lepidorum nigrospermum), Phaseolus nigrospermum (Chrycomatus), Erythrophus aurantiaca (Chrymophilus diaphorum), Erythrophus limosum (Coccus spp.), Psychotria viridis (Lespe), Pephymatococcus spp (Lespera spp.), Psilopterus spp.), Psilotus spp (Neurospora spp.), Lespera spp.), Lepidorum viride (Neurospora spp.), Lepidium spp.), Lepidorum spp. (Lepidorum spp.), Psilotus spp. (Lepidorum spp.), Lepidorum spp. (Lepidum (Lepidorum spp.), Lepidorum spp.) (Lepidioides (Lepidium spp.) (Lepidorum spp.) (Lepidium spp.), Lepidorum (Lepidium spp.), Lepidium spp.) (Lepidum (Lepidium spp.), Lepidum (Lepidium spp.), Lepidium spp.) (Lepidum (Lepidium spp, Pellagomorphus (pseudophaalactis spp.), the genus Lecanicillium (Pseudococcus spp.), the genus Psyllia (Psylla spp.), the genus Lecania (Pulvinaria aethiopica), the genus Lecania (Quadrasidiotus spp.), the genus Hosella (Rhopalosiphum spp.), the genus Erysipeloth (Saisetia spp.), the genus Cicada (Scaphius spp.), the genus Diaphium divaricatum (Schizophyllum spp.), the genus Diabrotica (Schizoaphis spp.), the genus Erythium divaricatum (Sitobion spp.), the genus Trionyx lugens (Trialeurospora variorum), the genus Trionyx citri (Trizaotretae) and the genus Tripteris; pests from the order Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera), for example, termites, such as, for example, echinopodium (Acromyrmex), aphrodisiae (Athalia rosae), aphanoplosis (Atta spp.), stemma (Cephus spp.), trichogramma (Diprion spp.), trichogrammatidae (dipriondae), gigantia pine sawfly (Gilpinia polytoma), vespidae (hopsis spp.), trichoderma spp. (lasisups), podophyllum (monarius spp.), fire formis (Solenopsis spp.) and Vespa spp.; pests from the order Diptera (Diptera), for example, the sorghum midge (atheroma unicata), the garden muscae (Bibio hordulus), the Drosophila litchii (Ceratitis spp.), the chrysomyziae (Chrysomyia spp.), the Culex spp, the Drosophila (cutebra spp.), the telesthenia spp, the gerbil spp, the dermomyzia (Delia spp.), the Drosophila melanogaster (Drosophila melanogaster), the dermomyzia (Liriomyza spp.), the melanomyza (melanophila spp.), the melanomyza sp, the melanomyza (melanomyza spp.), the melanomyza spp, the phylloxera spp, the swedish wheat straw frnarcole (oschus spp.), the spinach (phytophthora spp), the phomopsis spp (phoma spp); pests from the order Acarina (Acarina), such as, for example, Acarina terranyi (Acarinus sroro), Phymatophytes Acarina (Aceria sheldoni), Acarina stigmatis schlechleri (Aculus schlechlentali), Acarina (Amblyomma spp.), Cerrena sp (Argas spp.), Brucella sp (Brevipalpus spp.), lucerne brouss (Bryobia praetiosa), Trionycis sp (Calipiritussp sp), Psychia sp (Choriophyroptes spp.), Dermanyssus gallinarum (Dermanyssus gallina), Phytophthys trichoptera (Eotranus carpini), Phytophagus sp, Phytophagoides sp (Hymenophyromyces sp.), Acarina sp, Phytophagoides sp (Phytophagoides sp), Phytophagoides sp (Phytophagoides sp), Phytophagoides sp., Phytophagoides sp), Psilotus sp (Phytophagoides sp), Psilotus sp., Phytophagoides sp), Psilotus sp (Phytophagoides sp), Psilotus sp., Phytophagoides sp (Phytophagoides sp), Psilotus sp (Phytophagus sp), Psilotus sp., Phytophagus sp., Phytophagoides sp (Phytophagoides sp), Psilotus sp (Phytophagoides sp), Psilotus sp (Phytophagus spp (Phytop, Tarsonemus spp and Tetranychus spp; and species from the following genera of Nematoda (Nematoda): meloidogyne spp (for example Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica), Heterodera spp (for example Heterodera glycines (Heterodera glycines), Heterodera betanae (Heterodera schhtii), Heterodera avenae (Heterodera avenae) and Heterodera trifoliata (Heterodera foglii)), Heterodera globosa (Heterodera sp.), e.g. potato nematode (glodera spp), Heterodera nematoda (Heterodera sp.), e (e.g. Heterodera sp.), metaplas (Heterodera sp.), Heterodera spp (e.g. Heterodera sp.), metaplexis spp (e.g. Heterodera sinensis), metancholia (e.g. Heterodera rosella sp.), metanchoides (e.g. penniscus sp.), metancholia sp.), or Heterodera rosella sp (e sp.), or Heterodera rosella spp (e.g. Heterodera sp.), or Heterodera rosella spp (p), or Heterodera spp (e.g. sclerodes (metancholia spp) Longneedle nematodes (longidrona spp.), true nematodiasis (Nacobb spp.), sub-trichostrongylus (Subanguina spp.), nematodiasis (Bellonlaimus spp.), strongyloides (Cryonella spp.), strongyloides sp.), strongyloides (Ditylenchus spp.), strongyloides (Dolichodorus spp.), hemistrongyloides (Hemicoconioides spp.), coleoptiles sp.), rhabditis spp (Hirshimaroides spp.), meloidogyne spp.), copodiasis (Hypodera spp.), macropteres fasciata (Macrostemona spp.), and Spodoides (Melongyloides spp.), Bulletia spp.).

The composition can be used for agricultural land such as fields, paddy fields, lawns and orchards or non-agricultural land. The invention can be used for controlling pests in agricultural lands for growing plants without any phytotoxicity to the plants.

Examples of crops in which the compositions of the present invention may be used include, but are not limited to, corn, rice, wheat, barley, rye, oats, sorghum, cotton, soybean, peanut, buckwheat, sugar beet, rapeseed, sunflower, sugarcane, tobacco, capsicum, and the like; vegetable: solanaceous vegetables such as eggplant, tomato, bell pepper, potato, pepper, etc.; cucurbitaceae vegetables such as cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, watermelon, melon, squash and the like; cruciferous vegetables such as radish, white radish, horseradish, kohlrabi, chinese cabbage, mustard, broccoli, cauliflower, etc.; asteraceae vegetables such as burdock, garland, artichoke, lettuce, etc.; liliaceae vegetables such as green onion, garlic and asparagus; vegetables of the family Umbelliferae (ammiaceous), such as carrot, parsley, celery, parsnip, etc.; chenopodiaceae vegetables such as spinach, swiss beet, etc.; labiate vegetables such as perilla, mint, basil, etc., strawberry, sweet potato, wild yam, taro, etc., flowers, foliage plants, turf grass, fruits: pome fruits such as apples, pears, citrus and the like; drupes, such as peaches, plums, nectarines, plums, cherry tomatoes, apricots, prunes, and the like; citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, rimes, grapefruits and the like; nuts such as chestnuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds, pistachios, cashews, macadamia nuts, and the like; berries, such as blueberry, cranberry, blackberry, raspberry, and the like, grapes, persimmon, olive, plum, banana, coffee, date palm, coconut, and the like, trees other than fruit trees; tea, mulberry, flowering plants; trees such as ash, birch, dogwood, eucalyptus, ginkgo, clove, maple, oak, poplar, jew, sweetgum, sycamore, zelkova, thuja, fir, hemlock, juniper, Chinese pine, spruce, and taxus cuspidata, etc.

In one aspect, the present invention may provide a method of improving crop yield, the method comprising applying to a crop habitat a combination comprising:

(a) an oxidatively phosphorylated decoupling agent selected from the group consisting of chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and sulfluramid or derivatives thereof;

(b) a voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or derivatives thereof; and

(c) a mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, dicofol, propargite, diafenthiuron or derivatives thereof.

The combination of the invention may be sold as a pre-mix composition or kit so that the individual actives can be mixed prior to spraying. Alternatively, the kit of parts may contain an oxidative phosphorylation decoupling agent selected from the group consisting of chlorfenapyr, DNOC and sulfluramid or derivatives thereof; a voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker selected from metaflumizone, indoxacarb or derivatives thereof; and a mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, dicofol, propargite, diafenthiuron or derivatives thereof.

The chlorfenapyr, indoxacarb and diafenthiuron may be mixed with the adjuvant so that the components can be tank mixed prior to spraying.

The compositions of the invention may be applied simultaneously as a tank mix or formulation or may be applied sequentially. The soil may be applied before emergence of the plants, before planting or after planting. Application may be in the form of a foliar spray at various times during crop development.

As demonstrated, the combination of chlorfenapyr, indoxacarb and diafenthiuron greatly improved disease control and increased yield, and a synergistic effect was demonstrated.

While the foregoing written description of the invention enables one of ordinary skill to make and use what is presently considered to be the best mode thereof, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiments, methods, and examples herein. Thus, the present invention should not be limited to the above-described embodiments, methods and examples, but rather should be limited to all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the invention.

The invention will now be described with reference to the following specific examples. It should be noted that the following examples illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design many alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention.