阅读说明：本技术 一种双模态过氧化氢燃气发生器 (Bimodal hydrogen peroxide gas generator ) 是由 高强 林革 雍雪君 王少卫 李树琪 于 2021-09-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于过氧化氢燃气发生器,为解决目前火箭发动机系统的燃气发生器循环中,富氧燃气发生器工作温度受限且会缩短涡轮泵系统使用寿命,富燃燃气发生器采用无毒推进剂组合时,需要额外设置点火装置,增加了燃气发生器的复杂性,采用有毒推进剂组合时,与环保理念相违背的技术问题,提供一种双模态过氧化氢燃气发生器,包括依次连通的催化剂床、前燃料喷嘴、前燃烧室、后燃料喷嘴和后燃烧室,催化剂床的入口用于过氧化氢进入,前燃料喷嘴的侧壁上开设有多个前喷孔,用于部分燃料进入前燃烧室,后燃料喷嘴的侧壁上开设有多个后喷孔,用于另一部分燃料进入后燃烧室。(The invention belongs to a hydrogen peroxide fuel gas generator, which aims to solve the problems that in the circulation of the fuel gas generator of the prior rocket engine system, the oxygen-rich gas generator is limited in working temperature and can shorten the service life of a turbopump system, when the oxygen-rich gas generator adopts the combination of non-toxic propellants, additional ignition devices are required, increasing the complexity of the gas generator, and when toxic propellants are combined, the technical problem contrary to the environmental protection concept is to provide a bimodal hydrogen peroxide gas generator, which comprises a catalyst bed, a front fuel nozzle, a front combustion chamber, a rear fuel nozzle and a rear combustion chamber which are sequentially communicated, wherein the inlet of the catalyst bed is used for hydrogen peroxide to enter, the side wall of the front fuel nozzle is provided with a plurality of front spray holes, the fuel nozzle is used for enabling part of fuel to enter the front combustion chamber, and a plurality of rear spray holes are formed in the side wall of the rear fuel nozzle and used for enabling the other part of fuel to enter the rear combustion chamber.)

1. A bi-modal hydrogen peroxide gasifier, characterized by: comprises a catalyst bed (1), a front fuel nozzle (2), a front combustion chamber (3), a rear fuel nozzle (4) and a rear combustion chamber (5) which are communicated in sequence;

the inlet of the catalyst bed (1) is used for the hydrogen peroxide to enter;

the side wall of the front fuel nozzle (2) is provided with a plurality of front spray holes for partial fuel to enter the front combustion chamber (3); the front spray holes comprise a plurality of uniformly distributed front fuel spray holes (701) and a plurality of uniformly distributed front cooling spray holes (702); the front fuel nozzle (2) and the front combustion chamber (3) are coaxially arranged; the axis of the front fuel injection hole (701) is vertical to the axis of the front combustion chamber (3); the outlet of the front cooling spray hole (702) faces the inner wall of the front combustion chamber (3);

the side wall of the rear fuel nozzle (4) is provided with a plurality of rear spray holes for the other part of fuel to enter the rear combustion chamber (5); the rear spray holes comprise a plurality of uniformly distributed rear fuel spray holes (801) and a plurality of uniformly distributed rear cooling spray holes (802); the front combustion chamber (3), the rear fuel nozzle (4) and the rear combustion chamber (5) are coaxially arranged; the axis of the post-fuel injection hole (801) and the axis of the post-combustion chamber (5) form an included angle; the outlet of the rear cooling nozzle hole (802) is arranged towards the inner wall of the rear combustion chamber (5).

2. The bimodal hydrogen peroxide gasifier as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and one end of the front fuel nozzle (2) connected with the catalyst bed (1) is provided with a throttling hole (6) or a throttling orifice plate.

3. The bimodal hydrogen peroxide gasifier as claimed in claim 2, wherein:

the ratio of the hydrogen peroxide flow entering the front combustion chamber (3) to the fuel flow entering the front combustion chamber (3) is 1: 15-20 parts of;

the fuel flow rate entering the front combustion chamber (3) through the front cooling nozzle hole (702) is twice the fuel flow rate entering the front combustion chamber (3) through the front fuel nozzle hole (701).

4. The bimodal hydrogen peroxide gasifier as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the ratio of the distance from the front fuel nozzle (2) outlet to the front fuel nozzle (701) aperture of the front fuel nozzle (701) along the axial direction of the front fuel nozzle (2) is more than 6: 1.

5. the bimodal hydrogen peroxide gasifier as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the ratio of the fuel flow through the post-fuel injection holes (801) to the fuel flow through the post-cooling injection holes (802) is 9: 1.

6. the bimodal hydrogen peroxide gasifier as claimed in claim 5, wherein:

the included angle between the axis of the front cooling spray hole (702) and the axis of the front combustion chamber (3) is 5-15 degrees;

the included angle between the axis of the rear cooling spray hole (802) and the axis of the rear combustion chamber (5) is 5-15 degrees.

7. The bimodal hydrogen peroxide gasifier as claimed in claim 6, wherein:

the front fuel nozzle (2) comprises a first front nozzle segment (201) and a second front nozzle segment (202);

the inner diameter of the first front nozzle section (201) is smaller than the inner diameter of the outlet of the catalyst bed (1) and smaller than the inner diameter of the second front nozzle section (202), so that an orifice (6) is formed in the inner cavity of the first front nozzle section (201) or used for arranging an orifice plate;

the second front nozzle section (202) is in a stepped column shape and is only provided with one step, and the small end of the second front nozzle section faces the first front nozzle section (201); the front fuel spray holes (701) are arranged along the radial direction of the part, close to the first front nozzle section (201), of the second front nozzle section (202), and the front cooling spray holes (702) are arranged on the stepped surface of the second front nozzle section (202);

the rear fuel nozzle (4) is in a stepped column shape and is only provided with a first-stage step, and the small end of the rear fuel nozzle faces the front combustion chamber (3); the rear fuel injection holes (801) and the rear cooling injection holes (802) are arranged on the stepped surface of the rear fuel nozzle (4).

8. The bimodal hydrogen peroxide gasifier as claimed in claim 7, wherein:

the rear fuel injection holes (801) are circumferentially provided with a plurality of rings on the stepped surface of the rear fuel nozzle (4).

Technical Field

The invention belongs to a hydrogen peroxide gas generator, and particularly relates to a bimodal hydrogen peroxide gas generator.

Background

In recent years, the reusable rocket is a development hotspot and trend of aerospace at home and abroad, and the cost of aerospace launching can be greatly reduced.

The gas generator cycle in a rocket engine system is one of the main cycle modes of a rocket engine. The gasifier is divided into a rich gasifier and an oxygen-rich gasifier. The oxygen-enriched combustion can fully utilize fuel, but the excessive oxygen concentration easily corrodes the combustion chamber, so that the working temperature of the fuel gas generator is limited to about 1000K, and even if the working temperature is limited, the service life of the turbopump system can still be influenced and greatly shortened; when the rich combustion is applied to a rocket engine, although the service life is long and the reliability is high, the following problems still exist: (1) gas generators employing non-toxic propellant combinations (e.g., liquid oxygen kerosene combinations, liquid oxygen methane combinations, etc.) require additional ignition devices, increasing the complexity of the gas generator. (2) Gas generators using toxic propellant combinations (e.g., dinitrogen tetraoxide unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine combinations) do not require an ignition device, but are contrary to environmental protection concepts due to the toxic propellant.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a bimodal hydrogen peroxide gas generator, aiming at solving the technical problems that in the gas generator circulation of the existing rocket engine system, the working temperature of an oxygen-rich gas generator is limited, the service life of a turbopump system can be shortened, an ignition device needs to be additionally arranged when the oxygen-rich gas generator is combined by adopting a non-toxic propellant, the complexity of the gas generator is increased, and the environment-friendly concept is violated when the toxic propellant is combined.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a bimodal hydrogen peroxide gas generator is characterized by comprising a catalyst bed, a front fuel nozzle, a front combustion chamber, a rear fuel nozzle and a rear combustion chamber which are communicated in sequence;

the inlet of the catalyst bed is used for hydrogen peroxide to enter;

the side wall of the front fuel nozzle is provided with a plurality of front spray holes for partial fuel to enter a front combustion chamber; the front spray holes comprise a plurality of uniformly distributed front fuel spray holes and a plurality of uniformly distributed front cooling spray holes; the front fuel nozzle is coaxially arranged with the front combustion chamber; the axis of the front fuel spray hole is vertical to the axis of the front combustion chamber; the outlet of the front cooling spray hole faces the inner wall of the front combustion chamber;

the side wall of the post fuel nozzle is provided with a plurality of post spray holes for the other part of fuel to enter the post combustion chamber; the rear spray hole comprises a plurality of uniformly distributed rear fuel spray holes and a plurality of uniformly distributed rear cooling spray holes; the front combustion chamber, the rear fuel nozzle and the rear combustion chamber are coaxially arranged; the axis of the post-fuel spray hole and the axis of the post-combustion chamber form an included angle; and the outlet of the rear cooling spray hole is arranged towards the inner wall of the rear combustion chamber.

Furthermore, the end of the front fuel nozzle connected with the catalyst bed is provided with an orifice or an orifice plate, and parameters of the orifice or the orifice plate can be specifically set according to the pressure drop required to be achieved.

Further, the ratio of the hydrogen peroxide flow rate entering the pre-combustion chamber to the fuel flow rate entering the pre-combustion chamber is 1: 15-20 parts of;

the fuel flow entering the front combustion chamber through the front cooling nozzle hole is twice the fuel flow entering the front combustion chamber through the front fuel nozzle hole.

Further, the distance between the front fuel spray hole and the outlet of the front fuel spray hole along the axial direction of the front fuel spray hole is more than 6 times of the aperture of the front fuel spray hole.

Further, the ratio of the fuel flow through the post-fuel injection holes to the fuel flow through the post-cooling injection holes is 9: 1.

further, the included angle between the axis of the front cooling spray hole and the axis of the front combustion chamber is 5-15 degrees; the included angle between the axis of the rear cooling spray hole and the axis of the rear combustion chamber is 5-15 degrees.

Further, the forward fuel nozzle includes a first forward nozzle segment and a second forward nozzle segment;

the inner diameter of the first front nozzle section is smaller than the inner diameter of the outlet of the catalyst bed and smaller than the inner diameter of the second front nozzle section, so that an inner cavity of the first front nozzle section forms a throttling hole or is used for arranging a throttling orifice plate;

the second front nozzle section is in a stepped column shape and is only provided with a step, and the small end of the second front nozzle section faces the first front nozzle section; the front fuel spray holes are arranged along the radial direction of the part, close to the first front nozzle section, of the second front nozzle section, and the front cooling spray holes are arranged on the stepped surface of the second front nozzle section;

the rear fuel nozzle is in a stepped column shape and is only provided with a first-stage step, and the small end of the rear fuel nozzle faces the front combustion chamber; the post-fuel spray holes and the post-cooling spray holes are arranged on the stepped surface of the post-fuel spray nozzle.

Further, the back fuel nozzle hole is provided with many circles along circumference on the ladder face of back fuel nozzle, and specific number of circles that sets up, each circle back fuel nozzle hole set up the quantity and all can adjust according to actual need.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the bimodal hydrogen peroxide gas generator does not need to be additionally provided with an ignition device, reduces the complexity of the gas generator, does not adopt toxic propellant, and has good environmental protection, simple structure and good economical efficiency. The fuel generator can work in two states of oxygen enrichment and rich combustion, and two different fuels can be introduced into the front nozzle and the rear nozzle to form three-component fuel.

2. The throttling hole or the throttling orifice plate is arranged in the front fuel nozzle, so that certain pressure drop damping is generated in the flowing process of the hydrogen peroxide decomposition gas, and the possibility of low-frequency oscillation is effectively reduced.

3. The front spray holes comprise front fuel spray holes in radial holes and front cooling spray holes facing the inner wall surface of the front combustion chamber, the rear spray holes also comprise rear fuel spray holes arranged obliquely and rear cooling spray holes facing the inner wall surface of the rear combustion chamber, and the fuel gas passing through the front cooling spray holes and the rear cooling spray holes is beneficial to forming liquid films on the inner wall surfaces of the front combustion chamber and the rear combustion chamber, so that the protection area is larger, and the wall surface can be cooled. The back fuel spray holes are obliquely arranged, and the temperature distribution can be controlled by adjusting the arrangement angle.

4. The invention can lead the gas generator to achieve better combustion effect by reasonably setting the flow of the fuel, the flow of the hydrogen peroxide decomposition gas, the setting position and angle of the front spray hole and the setting position and angle of the rear spray hole.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a bimodal hydrogen peroxide gasifier according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the front fuel nozzle of FIG. 1 according to the present invention.

Wherein, 1-catalyst bed, 2-front fuel nozzle, 201-first front nozzle segment, 202-second front nozzle segment, 3-front combustion chamber, 4-rear fuel nozzle, 5-rear combustion chamber, 6-orifice, 701-front fuel orifice, 702-front cooling orifice, 801-rear fuel orifice, 802-rear cooling orifice, 9-front fuel pipeline, 10-rear fuel pipeline, 11-front fuel inlet, 12-rear fuel inlet.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments do not limit the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a bi-modal hydrogen peroxide gas generator comprising a catalyst bed 1, a front fuel nozzle 2, a front combustion chamber 3, a rear fuel nozzle 4 and a rear combustion chamber 5, which are connected in series.

Wherein, the catalyst bed 1 can adopt the existing catalyst bed which can be used for hydrogen peroxide, in one embodiment of the invention, the catalyst bed 1 comprises an inlet section, a reaction section and an outlet section which are sequentially arranged from an inlet to an outlet, the inlet section is used for injecting hydrogen peroxide, the reaction section comprises a liquid collecting cavity, a distributing plate, catalyst fillers and a supporting plate which are sequentially arranged from the inlet section to the outlet section, the inner diameter of the liquid collecting cavity is gradually increased from the inlet section to the outlet section, the distributing plate and the supporting plate are respectively arranged at two ends of the catalyst fillers, the distributing plate is arranged at the tail end of the liquid collecting cavity, the distributing plate and the supporting plate are both connected with the inner wall of the reaction section, the liquid collecting cavity and the distributing plate enable the hydrogen peroxide to uniformly enter the catalyst fillers, the distributing plate has a certain aperture ratio, can form a certain pressure drop, play a damping role in the system, and the catalyst fillers promote the hydrogen peroxide to generate catalytic decomposition, the catalyst may be selected appropriately according to the hydrogen peroxide concentration, for example, a concentration of 90% or less may be selected as a silver mesh catalyst, a concentration of 90% or more may be selected as a ceramic-based catalyst, and the support plate may be used to support the catalyst packing so that the catalyst packing has sufficient rigidity in a high-temperature environment.

In one embodiment of the invention, the forward fuel nozzle 2 includes a first forward nozzle segment 201 and a second forward nozzle segment 202. The inner diameter of the first front nozzle section 201 is smaller than the inner diameter of the outlet section of the catalyst bed 1 and smaller than the inner diameter of the second front nozzle section 202, so that the inner cavity of the first front nozzle section 201 forms the orifice 6, or a throttle orifice plate is arranged in the inner cavity of the first front nozzle section 201, and the orifice 6 or the throttle orifice plate is arranged, so that the hydrogen peroxide decomposition gas can generate certain pressure drop damping in the flowing process, the combustion process at the downstream of the orifice 6 is prevented from influencing the hydrogen peroxide catalytic decomposition process at the upstream, and the possibility of low-frequency oscillation is reduced. The second front nozzle section 202 is in a stepped column shape and is provided with only one step, and the small end of the second front nozzle section faces the first front nozzle section 201. The rear fuel nozzle 4 is in a stepped columnar shape and is provided with only one step, and the small end of the rear fuel nozzle faces the front combustion chamber 3.

The side wall of the front fuel nozzle 2 is provided with a plurality of front spray holes for part of the fuel to enter the front combustion chamber 3, and the side wall of the rear fuel nozzle 4 is provided with a plurality of rear spray holes for the other part of the fuel to enter the rear combustion chamber 5. In one embodiment of the present invention, the catalyst bed 1, the front fuel nozzle 2, the front combustion chamber 3, the rear fuel nozzle 4 and the rear combustion chamber 5 are all coaxially arranged, the front nozzle holes comprise a plurality of uniformly distributed front fuel nozzle holes 701 and a plurality of uniformly distributed front cooling nozzle holes 702, the axes of the front fuel nozzle holes 701 are perpendicular to the axis of the front combustion chamber 3, the outlets of the front cooling nozzle holes 702 face the inner wall of the front combustion chamber 3, the rear fuel nozzle holes comprise a plurality of uniformly distributed rear fuel nozzle holes 801 and a plurality of uniformly distributed rear cooling nozzle holes 802, the axes of the rear fuel nozzle holes 801 and the axis of the rear combustion chamber 5 form an included angle, and the outlets of the rear cooling nozzle holes 802 face the inner wall of the rear combustion chamber 5. As front fuel nozzle holes 701 are arranged in the radial direction of the portion of second front nozzle section 202 near first front nozzle section 201, front cooling nozzle holes 702 are arranged on the stepped surface of second front nozzle section 202, and aft fuel nozzle holes 801 and aft cooling nozzle holes 802 are both arranged on the stepped surface of aft fuel nozzle 4. Because the central temperature of the front combustion chamber 3 and the rear combustion chamber 5 is as high as about 2000 ℃, the fuel gas entering through the front cooling spray holes 702 facing the inner wall of the front combustion chamber 3 and the rear cooling spray holes 802 facing the rear combustion chamber 5 is beneficial to forming liquid films on the inner wall surfaces of the front combustion chamber 3 and the rear combustion chamber 5, and the protection area is larger. The post-fuel injection hole 801 is provided obliquely to the axis of the post-combustion chamber 5, and can control the temperature distribution of the fuel in the post-combustion chamber 5. The arrangement principle of the front fuel spray holes 701 and the rear fuel spray holes 801 is that the pressure drop of fuel passing through the corresponding nozzles is larger than 0.3MPa, and the number of the spray holes should be as large as possible on the premise that the machining cost and the machining difficulty of the spray holes are small.

In addition, in actual use, a small amount of gas can enter from the front spray hole, and a large amount of gas can enter from the rear spray hole. The type of the gas entering the front combustion chamber through the front spray hole and the type of the gas entering the rear combustion chamber through the rear spray hole can be different, the gas quantity can be adjusted, and the gas quantity can be set according to actual needs.

In order to achieve a better combustion effect of the gas generator, the gas generator can be optimized according to the following parameter settings: the ratio of the hydrogen peroxide flow entering the front combustion chamber 3 to the fuel flow entering the front combustion chamber 3 is 1: 15-20, the fuel flow entering the front combustion chamber 3 through the front cooling nozzle hole 702 is twice the fuel flow entering the front combustion chamber 3 through the front fuel nozzle hole 701, the distance from the front fuel nozzle hole 701 to the outlet of the front fuel nozzle 2 along the axial direction of the front fuel nozzle 2 is more than 6 times the aperture of the front fuel nozzle hole 701, the setting principle of the ratio of the fuel flow passing through the rear fuel nozzle hole 801 to the fuel flow passing through the rear cooling nozzle hole 802 is to ensure that the wall temperature is within the material allowable range, the included angle between the axis of the front cooling nozzle hole 702 and the axis of the front combustion chamber 3 is 5-15 degrees, the included angle between the axis of the rear cooling nozzle hole 802 and the axis of the rear combustion chamber 5 is 5-15 degrees, and the ratio between the fuel flow passing through the rear cooling nozzle hole 801 and the fuel flow passing through the rear cooling nozzle hole 802 is 9: 1. the distance between the front cooling nozzle 702 and the inner wall of the front combustion chamber 2 and the distance between the rear cooling nozzle 802 and the inner wall of the rear combustion chamber 5 can both be designed to be about 5 mm.

In addition, the post-fuel nozzle holes 801 can be arranged on the stepped surface of the post-fuel nozzle 4 in a plurality of circles along the circumferential direction, the axis of each circle forms a certain included angle with the horizontal line, and the gas temperature distribution at the outlet of the post-fuel nozzle 4 can be adjusted by adjusting the number of circles, the number of the post-fuel nozzle holes 801 on each circle and the included angle between the axis of each post-fuel nozzle hole 801 and the axis of the post-combustion chamber 5.

In order to increase the operating temperature of the gas generator, corresponding thermal protection can be provided on the wall of the front combustion chamber 3 and on the wall of the rear combustion chamber 5.

The working principle of the fuel gas generator is as follows: high-concentration liquid hydrogen peroxide is sprayed into the catalyst bed 1 through a hydrogen peroxide nozzle, high-temperature oxygen-enriched fuel gas is generated after catalytic decomposition of the high-concentration liquid hydrogen peroxide in a reaction section of the catalyst bed 1, the high-temperature oxygen-enriched fuel gas enters the front combustion chamber 3 through the throttling hole 6 and the second front nozzle section 202, a small amount of hydrocarbon fuel is sprayed into the front combustion chamber 3 through the front fuel spray hole 701 and the front cooling spray hole 702 on the front fuel nozzle 2, preliminary flame is formed through combustion, the primary flame flows into the rear combustion chamber 5 through the rear fuel nozzle 4, a large amount of hydrocarbon fuel is sprayed into the rear combustion chamber through the rear fuel spray hole 801 and the rear cooling spray hole 802 on the rear fuel nozzle 4 and is fully combusted, and high-temperature oxygen-enriched fuel gas meeting requirements is formed.

In practical application, a front fuel pipeline 9 is arranged outside a position corresponding to a front spray hole of the front fuel nozzle 2, a front fuel inlet 11 is arranged on the front fuel pipeline 9, a rear fuel pipeline 10 is arranged outside a position corresponding to a rear spray hole of the rear fuel nozzle 4, and a rear fuel inlet 12 is arranged on the rear fuel pipeline 10.

The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.