阅读说明：本技术 一种小流量过氧化氢燃气发生器 (Small-flow hydrogen peroxide gas generator ) 是由 高强 林革 雍雪君 王少卫 李树琪 于 2021-09-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于燃气发生器,为解决目前火箭发动机系统的燃气发生器循环中,富氧燃气发生器工作温度受限且会缩短涡轮泵系统使用寿命,富燃燃气发生器采用无毒推进剂组合时,需要额外设置点火装置,增加了燃气发生器的复杂性,采用有毒推进剂组合时,与环保理念相违背的问题,提供一种小流量过氧化氢燃气发生器,包括依次连通的催化剂床、气喷嘴、燃料喷嘴和燃烧室,催化剂床的入口用于过氧化氢射入,燃烧室内设有均流器,气喷嘴出口与燃料喷嘴入口连接处,气喷嘴外壁与燃料喷嘴内壁之间沿周向设有间隙,燃料喷嘴入口端侧壁沿周向开设有多个燃料喷孔,所述燃料喷孔沿燃料喷嘴侧壁切向开设并延伸至燃料喷嘴内,燃料喷孔出口位于所述间隙内。(The invention belongs to a fuel gas generator, and aims to solve the problems that the working temperature of an oxygen-rich fuel gas generator is limited and the service life of a turbopump system can be shortened in the gas generator circulation of the existing rocket engine system, an ignition device needs to be additionally arranged when the oxygen-rich fuel gas generator is combined by adopting a non-toxic propellant, the complexity of the fuel gas generator is increased, and the environment protection idea is violated when the toxic propellant is combined, the invention provides a small-flow hydrogen peroxide fuel gas generator which comprises a catalyst bed, a gas nozzle, a fuel nozzle and a combustion chamber which are sequentially communicated, wherein the inlet of the catalyst bed is used for injecting hydrogen peroxide, a flow equalizer is arranged in the combustion chamber, the joint of the outlet of the gas nozzle and the inlet of the fuel nozzle is provided with a gap between the outer wall of the gas nozzle and the inner wall of the fuel nozzle along the circumferential direction, the side wall of the inlet of the fuel nozzle is provided with a plurality of fuel spray holes along the circumferential direction, and the fuel spray holes are tangentially arranged along the side wall of the fuel nozzle and extend into the fuel nozzle, a fuel orifice exit is located within the gap.)

1. A small flow hydrogen peroxide gas generator characterized by: comprises a catalyst bed (1), a gas nozzle (7), a fuel nozzle (2) and a combustion chamber (3) which are communicated in sequence;

a flow equalizer (5) is arranged in the combustion chamber (3);

a gap is arranged between the outer wall of the gas nozzle (7) and the inner wall of the fuel nozzle (2) along the circumferential direction at the joint of the outlet of the gas nozzle (7) and the inlet of the fuel nozzle (2);

the side wall of the inlet end of the fuel nozzle (2) is circumferentially provided with a plurality of fuel spray holes (4), the fuel spray holes (4) are tangentially arranged along the side wall of the fuel nozzle (2) and extend into the fuel nozzle (2), and outlets of the fuel spray holes (4) are positioned in the gap.

2. A small flow hydrogen peroxide gasifier as claimed in claim 1 wherein: and a throttle orifice plate or a throttle orifice (6) is arranged in the air nozzle (7).

3. A small flow hydrogen peroxide gasifier as claimed in claim 2 wherein:

the catalyst bed (1) comprises an inlet section (101), a reaction section (102) and an outlet section (103) which are sequentially arranged from an inlet to an outlet;

the reaction section (102) internally comprises a liquid collecting cavity (1021), a distribution plate (1022), catalyst fillers (1023) and a support plate (1024) which are sequentially arranged from the inlet section (101) to the outlet section (103);

the inner diameter of the liquid collecting cavity (1021) is gradually increased from the inlet section (101) to the outlet section (103);

the distribution plate (1022) and the support plate (1024) are respectively arranged at two ends of the catalyst packing (1023), the distribution plate (1022) is arranged at the tail end of the liquid collecting cavity (1021), and the distribution plate (1022) and the support plate (1024) are connected with the inner wall of the reaction section (102);

the outlet section (103) is connected to the gas nozzle (7).

4. A small flow hydrogen peroxide gasifier as claimed in claim 3 wherein: the gas nozzle (7) comprises a first gas injection section (701) close to the catalyst bed (1) and a second gas injection section (702) close to the fuel nozzle (2);

the inner diameter of the first gas spraying section (701) is smaller than the inner diameter of the outlet of the catalyst bed (1) and smaller than the inner diameter of the second gas spraying section (702), so that the inner cavity of the first gas spraying section (701) forms an orifice (6);

the second air injection section (702) is connected with the fuel nozzle (2), and a gap is formed between the outer wall of the second air injection section (702) and the inner wall of the fuel nozzle (2) along the circumferential direction.

5. A small flow hydrogen peroxide gasifier as claimed in claim 4 wherein:

the inner cavity of the inlet section (101), the inner cavity of the second air injection section (702) and the throttling hole (6) are cylindrical.

6. A small flow hydrogen peroxide gasifier as claimed in claim 5 wherein:

the second gas injection section (702) is connected with the fuel nozzle (2), the outer wall of the second gas injection section (702) is provided with two step surfaces, the step surface close to the first gas injection section (701) is abutted against the end surface of the fuel nozzle (2), the outer wall of the second gas injection section (702) is positioned above the other step surface, and a gap is arranged between the outer wall of the second gas injection section (702) and the inner wall of the fuel nozzle (2) in the radial direction.

7. A small flow hydrogen peroxide gasifier as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein: the inner wall of the fuel nozzle (2) is a conical surface, and the small end of the fuel nozzle faces the combustion chamber (3).

8. A small flow hydrogen peroxide gasifier as claimed in claim 7 wherein: the taper surface of the inner wall of the fuel nozzle (2) is 5-10 degrees.

9. A small flow hydrogen peroxide gasifier as claimed in claim 8 wherein: the front end of the current equalizer (5) is provided with a first current equalizing port (501), and the side wall is uniformly provided with a plurality of second current equalizing ports (502).

10. A small flow hydrogen peroxide gasifier as claimed in claim 9 wherein: the distance between the fuel spray hole (4) and the outlet of the fuel nozzle (2) along the axial direction of the fuel nozzle (2) is 1-1.5 times of the outlet caliber of the fuel nozzle (2).

Technical Field

The invention belongs to a fuel gas generator, and particularly relates to a small-flow hydrogen peroxide fuel gas generator.

Background

In recent years, the reusable rocket is a development hotspot and trend of aerospace at home and abroad, and the cost of aerospace launching can be greatly reduced.

The gas generator cycle in a rocket engine system is one of the main cycle modes of a rocket engine. The gasifier is divided into a rich gasifier and an oxygen-rich gasifier. The oxygen-enriched combustion can fully utilize fuel, but the excessive oxygen concentration easily corrodes the combustion chamber, so that the working temperature of the fuel gas generator is limited to about 1000K, and even if the working temperature is limited, the service life of the turbopump system can still be influenced and greatly shortened; when the rich combustion is applied to a rocket engine, although the service life is long and the reliability is high, the following problems still exist: (1) gas generators employing non-toxic propellant combinations (e.g., liquid oxygen kerosene combinations, liquid oxygen methane combinations, etc.) require additional ignition devices, increasing the complexity of the gas generator. (2) Gas generators using toxic propellant combinations (e.g., dinitrogen tetraoxide unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine combinations) do not require an ignition device, but are contrary to environmental protection concepts due to the toxic propellant.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a small-flow hydrogen peroxide gas generator, aiming at solving the technical problems that in the gas generator circulation of the existing rocket engine system, the working temperature of an oxygen-rich gas generator is limited, the service life of a turbopump system can be shortened, an ignition device needs to be additionally arranged when the oxygen-rich gas generator is combined by adopting a non-toxic propellant, the complexity of the gas generator is increased, and the environment-friendly concept is violated when the toxic propellant is combined.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a small flow hydrogen peroxide gas generator is characterized by comprising a catalyst bed, a gas nozzle, a fuel nozzle and a combustion chamber which are communicated in sequence;

a flow equalizer is arranged in the combustion chamber;

a gap is arranged between the outer wall of the gas nozzle and the inner wall of the fuel nozzle along the circumferential direction at the joint of the outlet of the gas nozzle and the inlet of the fuel nozzle;

the side wall of the inlet end of the fuel nozzle is circumferentially provided with a plurality of fuel spray holes, the fuel spray holes are tangentially arranged along the side wall of the fuel nozzle and extend into the fuel nozzle, and outlets of the fuel spray holes are positioned in the gap.

Furthermore, a throttle orifice plate or a throttle orifice is arranged in the air nozzle. The throttling hole and the throttling orifice plate are used for generating certain pressure drop damping in the flowing process of the hydrogen peroxide decomposition gas and reducing the possibility of low-frequency oscillation, and the setting size of the throttling hole and the specific parameters of the throttling orifice plate can be adjusted according to the pressure and the flow of the hydrogen peroxide decomposition gas.

Further, the catalyst bed comprises an inlet section, a reaction section and an outlet section which are sequentially arranged from an inlet to an outlet;

the reaction section comprises a liquid collecting cavity, a distributing plate, catalyst fillers and a supporting plate which are sequentially arranged from the inlet section to the outlet section; the inner diameter of the liquid collecting cavity is gradually increased from the inlet section to the outlet section; the distribution plate and the support plate are respectively arranged at two ends of the catalyst filler, the distribution plate is arranged at the tail end of the liquid collecting cavity, and the distribution plate and the support plate are both connected with the inner wall of the reaction section; the liquid collection cavity and the distributing plate can enable hydrogen peroxide to enter uniformly, the distributing plate can form a certain pressure drop, the aperture ratio of the distributing plate can be adjusted according to the pressure drop condition required, a certain damping effect is achieved, the hydrogen peroxide is catalytically decomposed through the catalyst filler, the type and amount of the catalyst filler can be properly selected according to the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide, and the catalyst filler can have enough rigidity in a high-temperature environment through the supporting plate;

the outlet section is connected with an air nozzle.

Further, the gas nozzle comprises a first gas injection section adjacent to the catalyst bed and a second gas injection section adjacent to the fuel nozzle;

the inner diameter of the first gas spraying section is smaller than that of the outlet of the catalyst bed and smaller than that of the second gas spraying section, so that an inner cavity of the first gas spraying section forms a throttling hole;

the second gas injection section is connected with the fuel nozzle, and a gap is formed between the outer wall of the second gas injection section and the inner wall of the fuel nozzle along the circumferential direction.

Further, the inner cavity of the inlet section is cylindrical; the inner cavity of the second air injection section is cylindrical; the orifice is cylindrical.

Furthermore, the second gas injection section is connected with the fuel nozzle, the outer wall of the second gas injection section is provided with two step faces, the step face close to the first gas injection section is abutted against the end face of the fuel nozzle, the connection sealing effect is guaranteed, meanwhile, the outer wall of the second gas injection section is located above the other step face, and a gap is formed between the outer wall of the second gas injection section and the inner wall of the fuel nozzle in the radial direction, namely the gap between the outer wall of the gas nozzle and the inner wall of the fuel nozzle.

Furthermore, the inner wall of the fuel nozzle is a conical surface, and the small end of the fuel nozzle faces the combustion chamber, so that a fuel liquid film can adhere to the wall conveniently and can be mixed with high-temperature oxygen-enriched fuel gas.

Furthermore, the conical surface of the inner wall of the fuel nozzle is 5-10 degrees, and the angle of the conical surface of the inner wall of the fuel nozzle can be properly adjusted to adjust the wall-adhering effect of the fuel liquid film.

Furthermore, a first flow equalizing port is formed in the front end of the flow equalizing device, a plurality of second flow equalizing ports are uniformly formed in the side wall of the flow equalizing device, and high-temperature fuel-rich gas is ensured to be uniformly mixed. The temperature of the high-temperature fuel-rich gas generated in the combustion chamber becomes uniform, and the materials of the combustion chamber and the flow equalizer can both adopt high-temperature alloy, so that the stability of the combustion chamber and the flow equalizer is ensured.

Further, the distance between the fuel spray hole and the outlet of the fuel nozzle along the axial direction of the fuel nozzle is 1-1.5 times of the diameter of the outlet of the fuel nozzle.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the small-flow hydrogen peroxide gas generator has the advantages of simple structure, good economy, no need of an additional ignition device, no need of toxic propellant and better environmental protection. In addition, the gap axially arranged between the outer wall of the gas nozzle and the inner wall of the fuel nozzle enables the side wall of the gas nozzle to form a baffle plate relative to the fuel nozzle at the position, so that the mixing of hydrogen peroxide and fuel in the fuel nozzle is accelerated to form a primary flame attachment point, and the fuel spray holes are arranged to facilitate the adherence of a fuel liquid film and to be mixed with high-temperature oxygen-enriched fuel gas.

2. The gas nozzle is internally provided with the throttling hole or the throttling orifice plate, so that certain pressure drop damping is generated in the flowing process of the hydrogen peroxide decomposition gas, and the possibility of low-frequency oscillation is effectively reduced.

3. According to the invention, the outer wall of the second air injection section of the air nozzle is provided with two step surfaces, so that the installation tightness can be ensured, and a space can be provided for the arrangement of the gap.

4. The inner wall of the fuel nozzle is a conical surface, so that a fuel liquid film can be attached to the wall conveniently, and the fuel nozzle is mixed with high-temperature oxygen-enriched fuel gas.

5. The front end and the side wall of the flow equalizer are provided with flow equalizing ports, so that the high-temperature fuel-rich gas is uniformly mixed.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a small flow hydrogen peroxide gasifier according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the fuel nozzle of FIG. 1 of the present invention.

The device comprises a catalyst bed 1, a catalyst bed 101, an inlet section 102, a reaction section 102, a liquid collecting cavity 1021, a distributing plate 1022, a catalyst filler 1023, a supporting plate 1024, a fuel outlet section 103, a fuel nozzle 2, a combustion chamber 3, fuel spray holes 4, a fuel flow equalizer 5, a first flow equalizing port 501, a second flow equalizing port 502, a throttle orifice 6, a gas nozzle 7, a first gas spray section 701, a second gas spray section 702 and a fuel pipeline 8.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments do not limit the present invention.

Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the low flow hydrogen peroxide gas generator of the present invention, comprising a catalyst bed 1, a gas nozzle 7, a fuel nozzle 2 and a combustion chamber 3, which are connected in series. Wherein, the catalyst bed 1 comprises an inlet section 101, a reaction section 102 and an outlet section 103 which are sequentially arranged from an inlet to an outlet, the inlet section 101 is used for injecting hydrogen peroxide, the reaction section 102 comprises a liquid collecting cavity 1021, a distributing plate 1022, catalyst fillers 1023 and a supporting plate 1024 which are sequentially arranged from the inlet section 101 to the outlet section 103, the inner diameter of the liquid collecting cavity 1021 is gradually increased from the inlet section 101 to the outlet section 103, the distributing plate 1022 and the supporting plate 1024 are respectively arranged at two ends of the catalyst fillers 1023, the distributing plate 1022 is arranged at the tail end of the liquid collecting cavity 1021, the distributing plate 1022 and the supporting plate 1024 are both connected with the inner wall 1022 of the reaction section 102, the liquid collecting cavity 1021 and the distributing plate 1023 enable the hydrogen peroxide to uniformly enter the catalyst fillers, the distributing plate 1022 has a certain aperture ratio and can form a certain pressure drop, a damping effect is achieved in the system, the catalyst fillers 1023 enable the hydrogen peroxide to be catalytically decomposed, and a proper catalyst can be selected according to the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide, such as a 90% concentration or less of the optional silver mesh catalyst and a 90% concentration or more of the optional ceramic-based catalyst, the support plate 1024 is used to support the catalyst filler 1023, so that the catalyst filler 1023 has sufficient rigidity in a high temperature environment. The outlet section 103 is connected with the gas nozzle 7, the gas nozzle 7 is internally provided with the throttling hole 6, certain pressure drop damping is generated in the flowing process of the hydrogen peroxide decomposition gas, the combustion process at the downstream of the throttling hole 6 is prevented from influencing the hydrogen peroxide catalytic decomposition process at the upstream, the possibility of low-frequency oscillation is reduced, when in use, the pressure drop of the throttling hole 6 is ensured to be more than 0.3MPa, and the size of the throttling hole 6 can be determined according to the pressure drop. The gas nozzle 7 specifically comprises a first gas injection section 701 close to the catalyst bed 1 and a second gas injection section 702 close to the fuel nozzle 2, the inner diameter of the outlet section 103 is gradually reduced from the reaction section 102 to the first gas injection section 701, the inner diameter of the first gas injection section 701 is smaller than the inner diameter of the small end of the outlet section 103 and smaller than the inner diameter of the second gas injection section 702, an orifice 6 is arranged in the first gas injection section 701, the outlet section 103 and the second gas injection section 702 are communicated through the orifice 6, namely, the orifice 6 is formed in the inner cavity of the first gas injection section 701, the second gas injection section 702 is connected with the fuel nozzle 2, and a gap is arranged between the outer wall of the second gas injection section 702 and the inner wall of the fuel nozzle 2 along the circumferential direction. The inlet section 101 may be cylindrical in shape, the second air injection section 702 may be cylindrical in shape, and the orifice 6 may be cylindrical.

The outlet of the fuel nozzle 2 is communicated with the combustion chamber 3, a flow equalizer 5 is arranged in the combustion chamber 3, and the gas after the hydrogen peroxide decomposition and the fuel are combusted in the combustion chamber 3. In addition, the present invention can be used as a rich-burn igniter if the flow equalizer 5 is not provided in the combustion chamber 3. The flow equalizer 5 equalizes the temperature of the high-temperature rich combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber 3. The combustion chamber 3 and the flow equalizer 5 can be made of high-temperature alloy, so that the use stability is ensured. The front part of the current equalizer 5 is partially spherical, the foremost end is provided with a first current equalizing port 501, the rear part is columnar, and the side wall of the current equalizer is uniformly provided with a plurality of second current equalizing ports 502.

As shown in fig. 2, in addition, the sidewall of the inlet end of the fuel nozzle 2 is circumferentially provided with a plurality of fuel injection holes 4, the fuel injection holes 4 are tangentially provided along the sidewall of the fuel nozzle 2 and extend into the fuel nozzle 2, an adherent liquid film is formed on the wall surface of the fuel nozzle 2, the outlets of the fuel injection holes 4 are located in a gap, namely, a gap circumferentially provided between the outer wall of the second gas injection section 702 and the inner wall of the fuel nozzle 2, the gap enables the second gas injection section 702 of the gas nozzle 7 to form a baffle plate relative to the fuel injection holes 4, and the radial thickness of the baffle plate is generally 0.7-1mm, so that the mixing of hydrogen peroxide and fuel in the fuel nozzle 2 is accelerated, and a primary flame attachment point is formed. Wherein, the number of the fuel spray holes 4 is generally more than or equal to three, and the design size of the fuel spray holes 4 leads the pressure drop of the spray holes to be more than 0.3MPa in principle.

The inner wall of the fuel nozzle 2 is a conical surface, the small end of the inner wall faces the combustion chamber 3, the conical surface is 5-10 degrees, so that a fuel liquid film can be attached to the wall conveniently, and the inner wall is mixed with high-temperature oxygen-enriched fuel gas. The length of the fuel nozzle 2 (axial distance from the fuel nozzle hole 4 to the outlet of the fuel nozzle 2) is 1 to 1.5 times the diameter of the outlet of the fuel nozzle 2.

In order to ensure the arrangement of the gap and the installation tightness, two step surfaces are arranged at the joint of the second gas injection section 702 and the fuel nozzle 2, the step surface close to the first gas injection section 701 is abutted against the end surface of the fuel nozzle 2, and a gap is arranged between the part of the outer wall of the second gas injection section 702 above the other step surface and the inner wall of the fuel nozzle 2 along the circumferential direction.

The specific working principle of the small-flow hydrogen peroxide gas generator is as follows: high-concentration liquid hydrogen peroxide is sprayed into the reaction section 102 of the catalyst bed 1 through the inlet section 101 by a hydrogen peroxide nozzle, high-temperature oxygen-enriched gas is generated through catalytic decomposition, the high-temperature oxygen-enriched gas is sprayed into the fuel nozzle 2 through the orifice 6 of the first gas spraying section 701 of the gas nozzle 7 and the second gas spraying section 702, hydrocarbon fuel is sprayed into the fuel nozzle 2 through the fuel spray hole 4 on the fuel nozzle 2, a liquid film is formed through circumferential flow, the liquid film is tightly attached to the wall surface of the fuel nozzle 2, and preliminary mixing is carried out on the high-temperature oxygen-enriched gas in the fuel nozzle 2 to form preliminary flame. Then, the fuel gas is sprayed into the combustion chamber 3 for full combustion, and the temperature of the fuel gas is uniform through the flow equalizer 5, so that high-temperature rich fuel gas meeting the requirement is formed.

In other embodiments of the invention, the orifice 6 may be replaced by an orifice plate, consistent with the function and requirements of the orifice described above. The specific structure and shape of the catalyst bed 1 can be any other conventional catalyst bed structure. The internal conical surface and the conical surface angle of the fuel nozzle 2 and the opening mode of the fuel spray holes 4 can be correspondingly changed, and can be adaptively adjusted according to the use requirements.

In addition, in practical application, a fuel pipeline 8 is arranged outside the fuel nozzle hole 4 of the fuel nozzle 2, a fuel inlet is arranged on the fuel pipeline 8, and fuel enters the fuel pipeline 8 from the fuel inlet and then enters the fuel nozzle 2 through the fuel nozzle hole 4.

The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.