阅读说明：本技术 一种土壤改良剂及其使用方法 (Soil conditioner and using method thereof ) 是由 焦凯 谢灏阳 杨天为 于 2020-05-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种土壤改良剂及其使用方法,具体涉及土壤改良技术领域；技术方案为：土壤改良剂组分包括营养剂、木醋液及复合微生物菌剂；所述营养剂包括有机肥和复合肥；土壤改良剂的使用方法包括如下步骤：1、施肥翻耕,腐熟后的有机肥与复合肥混合翻耕施入土壤；2、土壤杀菌,用木醋液喷淋使其充分渗透至土壤后,高温闷棚杀菌杀虫；3、降解农药：闷棚结束后将复合微生物菌剂溶于水中扩繁4-8小时,随水施入土壤中。本发明的优点在于：土壤改良剂组分易制得或易取得,使用方法简单,可同时满足土壤的营养、杀菌杀虫及农药降解的多方面体系化要求,实现土壤绿色、安全的同时植株产量提高。(The invention discloses a soil conditioner and a using method thereof, and particularly relates to the technical field of soil improvement; the technical scheme is as follows: the soil conditioner comprises a nutrient, wood vinegar and a compound microbial agent; the nutrient comprises organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer; the application method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: 1. fertilizing and turning over, mixing the decomposed organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer, turning over and applying to soil; 2. sterilizing soil, spraying pyroligneous liquor to fully permeate the soil, and then, high-temperature greenhouse closing for sterilization and disinsection; 3. degrading pesticides: after the greenhouse is closed, the compound microbial agent is dissolved in water for propagation for 4-8 hours and is applied to soil along with water. The invention has the advantages that: the soil conditioner has the advantages of easily prepared or obtained components, simple use method, capability of meeting various systematization requirements of soil nutrition, sterilization, disinsection and pesticide degradation, and capability of realizing green and safe soil and simultaneously improving the plant yield.)

1. A soil conditioner is characterized in that: comprises a nutrient, wood vinegar and a compound microbial agent.

2. A soil amendment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the nutrient comprises organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer;

the compound microbial agent comprises at least one of bacillus subtilis, bacillus natto, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, purple rhodosporidium and bacillus mucilaginosus.

3. A soil amendment according to claim 2, characterized in that: the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

(1) fully mixing 10-30 parts of corn or wheat straw powder, 5-15 parts of plant ash, 5-15 parts of bean cake or rapeseed cake, 40-60 parts of farmyard manure and 5-15 parts of humus to obtain an organic matter A material;

(2) adding bacillus natto into the organic matter A material, fully stirring and uniformly mixing, wherein the weight ratio of the organic matter A material to the bacillus natto is 1000: 0.5;

(3) adding water for composting, fermenting and decomposing to obtain the organic fertilizer;

wherein the farmyard manure mainly comprises livestock manure, including one or more of chicken manure, pig manure or sheep manure.

4. A soil amendment according to claim 3, characterized in that: the preparation method of the organic fertilizer preferably comprises the following steps: 20 parts of corn or wheat straw powder, 10 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of bean cake or rapeseed cake, 50 parts of farmyard manure and 10 parts of humus.

5. A soil amendment according to claim 2, characterized in that: the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: p₂O₅：K₂O＝18：18：18。

6. A soil amendment according to claim 2, characterized in that: the composite microbial agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of bacillus subtilis, 40-50 parts of bacillus natto, 5-15 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 10-20 parts of bacillus megaterium, 3-20 parts of purple rhodosporidium and 3-10 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus.

7. A soil amendment according to claim 6, characterized in that: the composite microbial agent preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of bacillus subtilis, 45 parts of bacillus natto, 10 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 15 parts of bacillus megaterium, 5 parts of purple rhodosporidium and 5 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus.

8. A method of using a soil amendment according to any of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) fertilizing and ploughing: fully and uniformly mixing the fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, applying the mixture into a field, and ploughing until the ploughing depth reaches a plough layer;

(2) and (3) soil sterilization: watering by spraying equipment to soak the plough layer, spraying wood vinegar to fully permeate the plough layer to the soil, closing the greenhouse for 15 days, and sterilizing and killing insects at the high temperature of 50-60 ℃;

(3) degrading pesticides: after the greenhouse is closed, the compound microbial agent is dissolved in water for propagation for 4-8 hours, and is poured into soil along with water or sprayed to the soil by using spraying equipment, and then crops can be planted.

9. A method of using a soil amendment according to claim 8, wherein: the application rates of the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer are respectively 2000-3000 kg/mu and 25 kg/mu;

the application amount of the wood vinegar is 80 kg/mu, and the wood vinegar is diluted by 300 times with 10% of water;

the application amount of the compound microbial agent is 0.5 kg/mu.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a soil conditioner and a using method thereof.

Background

The soil structure is the basic condition of vegetation, in actual production, because year-round farming, improper fertilization management, unreasonable pesticide use, often cause the pesticide residue volume of soil to exceed standard, soil environment unbalance, the situation that pH valve and salinity change, under this soil environment, the plant is difficult normal growth, if do not take the measure adjustment, soil is difficult to resume the condition that suitable vegetation is grown to influence the absorption efficiency of plant root system, restrict the normal growth speed of plant, even more serious can influence the edible security of crop. In the prior art, application No. 2018110090464, title of invention: a method for restoring pesticide residues in soil discloses a method for restoring pesticide residues in soil, which achieves the purposes of pesticide residue absorption and yield increase through the following steps: (1) deep ploughing and deep scarification, and returning straws to the field; (2) laying a layer of beta-cyclodextrin grafted fiber at the bottom of the soil; (3) irrigating; (4) adjusting pH to 6.0-7.0, and adding microorganism; (5) and (4) interplanting the plants capable of adsorbing the pesticide residues in the soil treated in the step (4) with corn or soybean. The implementation of the patent requires that in the step (2), the soil is ploughed and then the bottom of the soil is lined with the beta-cyclodextrin grafted fiber, and the technical scheme needs a large amount of labor cost in actual operation; the method for preparing the beta-cyclodextrin grafted fibers in the step (2) is not easy to be mastered by the technical personnel in the field, and the cost is higher if the beta-cyclodextrin grafted fibers are purchased; the whole method is combined, the cost of manpower and financial resources in the operation process is high, the preparation method is not easy to master, and the method is not suitable for field planting of crops. Application No. 2019113001081 entitled: a method for improving the soil of grape field discloses a method for improving the soil of grape field, which utilizes the mixing proportion of pruned grape branches, straws, weeds, bean cakes and wheat bran to be 25 percent; adding sheep manure in a proportion of 70%; adding 2-5% of humus soil, humic acid, plant ash, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and uniformly mixing; adding lime powder and microbial agent and composting; covering and fermenting through a plastic film, and ploughing into soil after rotten detection. The technical scheme aims to solve the problem of using dependence of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on grape plants, avoid grape branch burning and reduce agricultural production cost. The technical scheme only provides a solution for the problem of targeted fertility aiming at the soil of the grape field, cannot solve the problem of pesticide residue in the soil and cannot stop various soil-borne diseases in the soil, and the scheme is not suitable for field planting due to the limitation condition of grape branches.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems occurring in the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a soil conditioner and a method for using the same, which can solve the problems of pesticide residues in soil and soil-borne diseases and increase the yield of plants.

The soil conditioner of the invention comprises: nutrient, wood vinegar and compound microbial agent.

Further, the nutritional agents include: the application rates of the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer are respectively 3000 kg/mu and 25 kg/mu of 2000-.

Further, the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: fully mixing 10-30 parts of corn or wheat straw powder, 5-15 parts of plant ash, 5-15 parts of bean cake or rapeseed cake, 40-60 parts of farmyard manure and 5-15 parts of humus to obtain an organic matter A material, adding bacillus natto into the organic matter A material, fully stirring and uniformly mixing, wherein the weight ratio of the organic matter A material to the bacillus natto is 1000: 0.5, adding water and stacking fertilizer, fermenting and decomposing to obtain an organic fertilizer; wherein the farmyard manure mainly comprises livestock manure, including one or more of chicken manure, pig manure or sheep manure.

Further, the organic matter A material is preferably: 20 parts of corn or wheat straw powder, 10 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of bean cake or rapeseed cake, 50 parts of farmyard manure and 10 parts of humus.

Further, the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: n: p₂O₅：K₂O18: 18: 18, wherein the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients exceed 50 percent of the total nutrients of the compound fertilizer.

Further, the application amount of the wood vinegar is 80 kg/mu, and the wood vinegar is diluted by 300 times with 10% of water.

Further, the compound microbial agent comprises at least one of bacillus subtilis, bacillus natto, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, purple bacillus lilacinus and bacillus mucilaginosus, and the application amount of the compound microbial agent is 0.5 kg/mu.

Further, the composite microbial agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of bacillus subtilis, 40-50 parts of bacillus natto, 5-15 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 10-20 parts of bacillus megaterium, 3-20 parts of purple rhodosporidium and 3-10 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus.

Furthermore, the components and the parts by weight of the compound microbial agent are preferably as follows: 20 parts of bacillus subtilis, 45 parts of bacillus natto, 10 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 15 parts of bacillus megaterium, 5 parts of purple rhodosporidium and 5 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus.

The invention also provides a using method of the soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:

1. fertilizing and ploughing: 2-3 tons of fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer and 25kg of compound fertilizer are fully and uniformly mixed in each mu of land and applied to the field for ploughing, and the ploughing depth reaches a plough layer;

2. and (3) soil sterilization: watering by using spraying equipment to soak the plough layer, spraying wood vinegar to fully permeate the plough layer to the soil, and then closing the greenhouse for 15 days to effectively sterilize and kill insects under the action of high temperature of 50-60 ℃;

3. degrading pesticides: after the greenhouse is closed, the compound microbial agent is dissolved in water for propagation for 4-8 hours, and is poured into soil along with water or sprayed into the soil by using spraying equipment, and crops can be planted after the soil humidity is proper.

The advantages of the invention are specifically: the conventional soil conditioner is improved only for a certain aspect, has a single improvement purpose and effect, and is difficult to meet the requirement of systematization. The soil conditioner in the scheme reasonably matches the components and parts of the nutrient, the wood vinegar and the compound microbial agent, effectively improves the soil environment by combining chemical measures and biological measures, realizes systematic improvement on the aspects of nutrition, sterilization and disinsection and pesticide degradation of soil, and meets the requirement of comprehensive overall improvement on soil.

In the first step of the using method, the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer in the nutrient are fully mixed and applied to the soil, so that the nutrient components required by plant growth are provided for the soil, the requirement of the soil nutrient state is met, and the plant yield is increased.

Secondly, after the soil is sprayed with water, the water retention of the soil is improved, and meanwhile, wood vinegar is facilitated to permeate and sterilize, so that pathogenic bacteria in the soil are effectively killed, propagation of microorganisms which hinder plant growth is inhibited, root nodule nematodes are killed, the plant is ensured to normally grow in a soil environment with rich nutrition by adding the wood vinegar, and soil-borne diseases are avoided after the plant is planted; the wood vinegar is added in the soil treatment process, and can also be mixed with plant ash to moderate the pH value of the soil and adjust the pH value of the soil, thereby providing a favorable soil environment for the next pesticide degradation.

Thirdly, the bacillus subtilis in the compound microbial agent can generate active substances such as subtilin, polymyxin, nystatin, gramicidin and the like in the growth and reproduction process, and the active substances have obvious inhibition effect on pathogenic bacteria, can decompose organic matters in soil and promote the degradation of toxic and harmful substances; the bacillus natto can stabilize the pH value of soil, decompose macromolecular organic matters and effectively degrade pesticide residues in the soil; the bacillus licheniformis can generate antibacterial active substances, adjust the unbalance structure of microbial flora in soil and inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria; the bacillus megaterium can effectively degrade organophosphorus pesticide and aflatoxin, and has an obvious effect on improving soil with high organophosphorus pesticide residue; the rhodosporidium lilacinum can invade nematode adults and eggs, destroy the physiological metabolism of the nematodes, kill the nematodes and the eggs, achieve the effect of preventing and inhibiting the nematodes, and improve the proportion of the microbial inoculum if the harm of the nematodes to soil is serious; the bacillus mucilaginosus can promote the transformation of phosphorus and potassium elements in soil, increase the supply of the phosphorus and potassium in the soil and improve the absorption and utilization efficiency of crops.

The compound microbial agent is activated and then applied to soil along with water, and the soil ecosystem is improved by utilizing the synergistic and alternate co-metabolism among various microorganisms, particularly the soil pollution caused by pesticides has very remarkable effect of degrading harmful substances and pesticide residues in the soil, and has the effects of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria in the soil, preventing plants from suffering from plant diseases and insect pests and adjusting the pH value of the soil. After the soil is improved, the total salt and the conductivity in the soil are obviously and greatly reduced, wherein the soil environment for normal growth of the roots of plants is ensured after the concentration of soluble ions in the soil is reduced, and the salinization problem of the original soil is changed due to the change of the structure of the improved soil.

The soil conditioner of the invention has the advantages of easy preparation or obtaining of the components, simple use method and easy operation; after the soil is treated, no soil-borne diseases appear in the process of planting strawberries, lettuce, radishes and small tomatoes; the produced agricultural products are detected by a third-party detection mechanism, wherein 102 items of pesticide residues are detected to be zero, and the soil structure is really green, safe and residue-free; wherein the yield of the soil plant crops is lower than that of untreated soil: the yield of the strawberries and the small tomatoes is improved by 10 percent per mu, the yield of the radishes is improved by 5 percent, the yield of the lettuce is improved by 15 percent, the high yield and the high efficiency of the plant crops are realized while the soil is safe and has no residue, and the economic value of the crops is greatly increased.

Detailed Description

The following examples are given for the purpose of illustrating the invention, but are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.