阅读说明：本技术 一种大蒜收获机 (Garlic harvester ) 是由 张全忠 于 2020-04-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种大蒜收获机,包括安装在拖拉机上的收割台,所述收割台包括铲土单元、链条提升单元、定位机构、剪须机构、剪茎机构以及驱动单元；所述铲土单元用于将大蒜从土层内分离,所述链条提升单元用于将大蒜传送至收集箱内,所述定位机构用于在大蒜被提升的过程中进行定位；所述驱动单元包括用于驱动动刀运动的偏心机构、用于驱动提升链条转动的链传动机构、用于驱动所述剪须机构的刀片转动和用于驱动定位轮转动的动力源。本发明利用收割台,实现了大蒜联合收割,实现了从松土—土蒜分离—剪须—剪茎—归仓的一站式作业,使得收割后的大蒜较为规整的大蒜,大大降低了劳动强度。(The invention discloses a garlic harvester which comprises a header arranged on a tractor, wherein the header comprises a soil shoveling unit, a chain lifting unit, a positioning mechanism, a beard cutting mechanism, a stem cutting mechanism and a driving unit; the shoveling unit is used for separating the garlic from the soil layer, the chain lifting unit is used for conveying the garlic into the collecting box, and the positioning mechanism is used for positioning the garlic in the lifting process; the driving unit comprises an eccentric mechanism for driving the movable cutter to move, a chain transmission mechanism for driving the lifting chain to rotate, and a power source for driving the blade of the hair cutting mechanism to rotate and driving the positioning wheel to rotate. The invention utilizes the header to realize the combined harvesting of the garlic, and realizes the one-stop operation of loosening the soil, separating the native garlic, cutting the beard, cutting the stem and returning the garlic to the bin, so that the harvested garlic is more regular, and the labor intensity is greatly reduced.)

1. A garlic harvester comprises a header arranged on a tractor, wherein the header is rotatably arranged on the tractor through two symmetrical supporting arms, the supporting arms are rotatably connected with two side plates of the header, and a driving cylinder is arranged between the supporting arms and the side plates;

the shoveling unit is used for separating the garlic from the soil layer and comprises a movable knife capable of reciprocating;

the chain lifting unit is used for conveying garlic into the collecting box and comprises two lifting chains which are parallel and reverse in rotation direction and four lifting chain wheels positioned at two ends of the two lifting chains, the lifting chains are obliquely arranged, one ends of the lifting chains, which are close to the ground, are fixed ends, and the ends of the lifting chains, which are far away from the ground, are floating ends; the adjacent sides of the two lifting chains are tightly attached together and used for clamping the stems of the garlic;

the garlic lifting mechanism is used for lifting garlic, and comprises positioning wheels which can move oppositely or back to back, the two positioning wheels have opposite rotation directions, and when the garlic passes through the two positioning wheels, the two positioning wheels clamp stems of the garlic and enable the garlic to ascend;

the beard cutting mechanism comprises a guide frame and a blade arranged on the guide frame;

the stem shearing mechanism comprises two blades which are overlapped together, and the two overlapped blades are opposite in rotation direction;

the driving unit comprises an eccentric mechanism for driving the movable cutter to move, a chain transmission mechanism for driving the lifting chain to rotate, and a power source for driving the blade of the hair cutting mechanism to rotate and driving the positioning wheel to rotate.

2. The garlic harvester of claim 1, wherein the two lifting sprockets near the ground are each secured to a cross beam by a first securing rod, the cross beam being secured between the two side plates;

two lifting chain wheels far away from the ground float relative to the side plates through a floating rod respectively, a connecting rod mechanism is arranged on the floating rod, and the connecting rod mechanism is fixed between the two side plates through a cross beam;

the connecting rod mechanism comprises a floating sleeve which is rotationally connected with the floating rod, a second connecting rod and a T-shaped connecting rod which can rotate are fixed on the floating sleeve, a first connecting rod which is rotationally connected with the T-shaped connecting rod is arranged at the end part of the T-shaped connecting rod, which is far away from the floating sleeve, and the first connecting rod is fixed on the cross beam;

the first connecting rod, the second connecting rod and the T-shaped connecting rod are all on the same plane;

the first connecting rod and the T-shaped connecting rod are both provided with an adjusting bolt in a threaded manner, the adjusting bolt on the first connecting rod abuts against the T-shaped connecting rod, and the adjusting bolt on the T-shaped connecting rod abuts against the second connecting rod;

and a traction spring is arranged between the cross beam fixedly connected with the first connecting rod and the T-shaped connecting rod, and two ends of the traction spring are respectively fixed with the cross beam and the T-shaped connecting rod.

3. The garlic harvester of claim 2, wherein the chain lifting unit further comprises a tensioning mechanism, the tensioning mechanism comprises two tensioning posts respectively located at the middle parts of the two lifting chains, one end of each tensioning post is fixed with a corresponding first fixing rod, and the other end of each tensioning post is connected with a cross beam through a second fixing rod and fixed between the two side plates;

the near sides of the two tensioning columns are respectively fixed with a first elastic sheet, the far sides of the two tensioning columns are respectively fixed with a second elastic sheet, a plurality of uniformly distributed supporting springs are arranged between the first elastic sheet and the tensioning columns and between the second elastic sheet and the tensioning columns, and the first elastic sheet and the second elastic sheet are tightly attached to the lifting chain.

4. The garlic harvester as claimed in claim 3, wherein the tension column is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed support sprockets, the support sprockets are provided with a waist-shaped groove, a limit column fixed on the tension column is arranged in the waist-shaped groove, the support sprockets are slidably connected with the limit column, a spring is further fixed in the waist-shaped groove, one end of the spring is fixed on the limit column, and the other end of the spring abuts against the waist-shaped groove;

the tensioning column is provided with a plurality of first elastic sheets, the number of the first elastic sheets on the same tensioning column is one more than that of the supporting chain wheels, and the first elastic sheets and the supporting chain wheels are distributed alternately.

5. The garlic harvester of claim 1, wherein the positioning wheel is cylindrical, and has a plurality of notches uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction on the outer wall thereof, the two positioning wheels are respectively positioned above the two lifting chains, the positioning wheel is rotatably disposed on a positioning cylinder, and a first motor for driving the positioning wheel to rotate is disposed at an end of the positioning cylinder away from the positioning wheel;

the chain lifting unit is characterized in that the positioning cylinder is fixed on the chain lifting unit through a hinge, one end of the hinge is fixed on the positioning cylinder, the other end of the hinge is fixed on the chain lifting unit, and a tensioning spring is arranged between the positioning cylinder and the chain lifting unit.

6. The garlic harvester of claim 5, wherein the end of the positioning wheel away from the positioning cylinder is tapered, the outer diameter of the positioning wheel is larger than that of the positioning cylinder, and the projection of the housing of the first motor on the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder falls into the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder.

7. The garlic harvester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two blades of the stem shearing mechanism are respectively fixed on the two floating rods of the chain lifting unit through an adjusting sleeve, and the adjusting sleeve is threaded with a bolt which abuts against the floating rods;

the blade of the stem shearing mechanism and the blade of the beard shearing mechanism are both regular hexagonal thin blade knives.

8. The garlic harvester of claim 1, wherein the scraper unit comprises a movable knife holder, the movable knife holder is fixed between two side plates by a cross beam; a movable knife guide sleeve is fixed on the fixed knife bracket, a movable knife push rod capable of sliding is arranged in the movable knife guide sleeve, a movable knife bar is fixed on the movable knife push rod, and the movable knife is fixed on the movable knife bar;

the eccentric mechanism comprises a hinge rod and a movable cutter driving shaft, the hinge rod is rotatably connected with the movable cutter push rod, an eccentric wheel is fixed on the movable cutter driving shaft, and the hinge rod is rotatably connected with the eccentric wheel through a bearing; the movable knife driving shaft is rotatably connected with the two side plates, and one end of the movable knife driving shaft extends out of one side plate and is fixed with a belt pulley.

9. The garlic harvester of claim 1, wherein the chain drive comprises a drive sprocket rotating coaxially with the floating rod, the two drive sprockets lying in two parallel planes; a speed reducer is fixed on one of the side plates, and a driving chain for driving the driving chain wheel to rotate is arranged on an output shaft of the speed reducer;

and support frames are further fixed on two sides of the driving chain wheel, and third elastic sheets used for being attached to the driving chain are fixed on the support frames.

10. The garlic harvester of claim 1, wherein the power source is a motor, a cleaning unit is further disposed below the positioning mechanism, the cleaning unit comprises a rotatable cleaning drum brush, two ends of the cleaning drum brush are provided with rotating shafts rotatably connected with the two side plates, and one end of one of the rotating shafts extends out of the side plates and is fixed with a belt pulley.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a garlic harvester.

Background

When garlic is harvested, in order to ensure the integrity of garlic bulbs and garlic seedlings, the ground breaking operation is required. The garlic harvesting mode adopted at present mainly adopts manual shovel blade soil breaking and mechanical equipment soil breaking, and the labor intensity is higher due to the manual soil breaking.

In addition, although the prior art also shows an oversize garlic harvester, the basic principle is that a clamping mechanism is used for clamping and conveying garlic stems, and then the garlic stems are conveyed to a collecting position, so that the garlic harvester has a single function, can only collect garlic and cannot further finely process the garlic, and subsequently, great labor is required to be invested; in addition, due to the special condition of the garlic, that is, the garlic bulbs with the size have high requirements on the clamping mechanism during the clamping and conveying process, especially if other operations (such as beard cutting and stem cutting) are involved in the garlic conveying process, if the clamping is not stable enough, the probability of garlic falling is very high, which causes waste, and affects other subsequent processing works (such as beard cutting and stem cutting).

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the technical deficiencies, the invention aims to provide a garlic harvester which realizes the combined harvesting of garlic by utilizing a soil shoveling unit, a chain lifting unit, a positioning mechanism, a hair cutting mechanism, a stem cutting mechanism and a driving unit, realizes one-stop operation of loosening soil, separating the soil garlic, cutting hair, cutting stems and returning the soil garlic to a bin, ensures that the harvested garlic can obtain more consistent lengths, cuts off a part of garlic hairs, further obtains more regular garlic, and greatly reduces the labor intensity.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a garlic harvester, which comprises a header arranged on a tractor, wherein the header is rotationally arranged on the tractor through two symmetrical supporting arms, the supporting arms are rotationally connected with two side plates of the header, a driving cylinder is arranged between each supporting arm and each side plate, and the header comprises a soil shoveling unit, a chain lifting unit, a positioning mechanism, a beard shearing mechanism, a stem shearing mechanism and a driving unit;

the shoveling unit is used for separating the garlic from the soil layer and comprises a movable knife capable of reciprocating;

the chain lifting unit is used for conveying garlic into the collecting box and comprises two lifting chains which are parallel and reverse in rotation direction and four lifting chain wheels positioned at two ends of the two lifting chains, the lifting chains are obliquely arranged, one ends of the lifting chains, which are close to the ground, are fixed ends, and the ends of the lifting chains, which are far away from the ground, are floating ends; the adjacent sides of the two lifting chains are tightly attached together and used for clamping the stems of the garlic;

the garlic lifting mechanism is used for lifting garlic, and comprises positioning wheels which can move oppositely or back to back, the two positioning wheels have opposite rotation directions, and when the garlic passes through the two positioning wheels, the two positioning wheels clamp stems of the garlic and enable the garlic to ascend; the beard cutting mechanism comprises a guide frame and a blade arranged on the guide frame; the stem shearing mechanism comprises two blades which are overlapped together, and the two overlapped blades are opposite in rotation direction; the driving unit comprises an eccentric mechanism for driving the movable cutter to move, a chain transmission mechanism for driving the lifting chain to rotate, and a power source for driving the blade of the hair cutting mechanism to rotate and driving the positioning wheel to rotate.

Preferably, the two lifting sprockets close to the ground are respectively fixed on a cross beam through a first fixing rod, and the cross beam is fixed between the two side plates;

two lifting chain wheels far away from the ground float relative to the side plates through a floating rod respectively, a connecting rod mechanism is arranged on the floating rod, and the connecting rod mechanism is fixed between the two side plates through a cross beam;

the connecting rod mechanism comprises a floating sleeve which is rotationally connected with the floating rod, a second connecting rod and a T-shaped connecting rod which can rotate are fixed on the floating sleeve, a first connecting rod which is rotationally connected with the T-shaped connecting rod is arranged at the end part of the T-shaped connecting rod, which is far away from the floating sleeve, and the first connecting rod is fixed on the cross beam;

the first connecting rod, the second connecting rod and the T-shaped connecting rod are all on the same plane;

the first connecting rod and the T-shaped connecting rod are both provided with an adjusting bolt in a threaded manner, the adjusting bolt on the first connecting rod abuts against the T-shaped connecting rod, and the adjusting bolt on the T-shaped connecting rod abuts against the second connecting rod;

and a traction spring is arranged between the cross beam fixedly connected with the first connecting rod and the T-shaped connecting rod, and two ends of the traction spring are respectively fixed with the cross beam and the T-shaped connecting rod.

Preferably, the chain lifting unit further comprises a tensioning mechanism, the tensioning mechanism comprises two tensioning columns respectively located in the middle of the two lifting chains, one end of each tensioning column is fixed to a corresponding first fixing rod, and the other end of each tensioning column is connected with a cross beam through a second fixing rod and fixed between the two side plates;

the near sides of the two tensioning columns are respectively fixed with a first elastic sheet, the far sides of the two tensioning columns are respectively fixed with a second elastic sheet, a plurality of uniformly distributed supporting springs are arranged between the first elastic sheet and the tensioning columns and between the second elastic sheet and the tensioning columns, and the first elastic sheet and the second elastic sheet are tightly attached to the lifting chain.

Preferably, a plurality of uniformly distributed supporting chain wheels are arranged on the tensioning column, a waist-shaped groove is formed in each supporting chain wheel, a limiting column fixed on the tensioning column is arranged in each waist-shaped groove, each supporting chain wheel is connected with the corresponding limiting column in a sliding mode, a spring is further fixed in each waist-shaped groove, one end of each spring is fixed on each limiting column, and the other end of each spring abuts against the corresponding waist-shaped groove;

the tensioning column is provided with a plurality of first elastic sheets, the number of the first elastic sheets on the same tensioning column is one more than that of the supporting chain wheels, and the first elastic sheets and the supporting chain wheels are distributed alternately.

Preferably, the positioning wheel is columnar, a plurality of notches which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction are formed in the outer wall of the positioning wheel, the two positioning wheels are respectively positioned above the two lifting chains, the positioning wheel is rotatably arranged on a positioning cylinder, and a first motor for driving the positioning wheel to rotate is arranged at the end part, far away from the positioning wheel, of the positioning cylinder;

the chain lifting unit is characterized in that the positioning cylinder is fixed on the chain lifting unit through a hinge, one end of the hinge is fixed on the positioning cylinder, the other end of the hinge is fixed on the chain lifting unit, and a tensioning spring is arranged between the positioning cylinder and the chain lifting unit.

Preferably, one end of the positioning wheel, which is far away from the positioning cylinder, is tapered, the outer diameter of the positioning wheel is larger than that of the positioning cylinder, and the projection of the shell of the first motor on the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder falls into the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder.

Preferably, the two blades of the stem shearing mechanism are respectively fixed on two floating rods of the chain lifting unit through an adjusting sleeve, and a bolt is assembled on the adjusting sleeve in a threaded manner and tightly abutted on the floating rods; the blade of the stem shearing mechanism and the blade of the beard shearing mechanism are both regular hexagonal thin blade knives.

Preferably, the soil shoveling unit comprises a movable blade bracket, and the movable blade bracket is fixed between the two side plates through a cross beam; a movable knife guide sleeve is fixed on the fixed knife bracket, a movable knife push rod capable of sliding is arranged in the movable knife guide sleeve, a movable knife bar is fixed on the movable knife push rod, and the movable knife is fixed on the movable knife bar;

the eccentric mechanism comprises a hinge rod and a movable cutter driving shaft, the hinge rod is rotatably connected with the movable cutter push rod, an eccentric wheel is fixed on the movable cutter driving shaft, and the hinge rod is rotatably connected with the eccentric wheel through a bearing; the movable knife driving shaft is rotatably connected with the two side plates, and one end of the movable knife driving shaft extends out of one side plate and is fixed with a belt pulley.

Preferably, the chain transmission mechanism comprises a driving chain wheel which rotates coaxially with the floating rod, and the two driving chain wheels are respectively positioned in two parallel planes; a speed reducer is fixed on one of the side plates, and a driving chain for driving the driving chain wheel to rotate is arranged on an output shaft of the speed reducer; and support frames are further fixed on two sides of the driving chain wheel, and third elastic sheets used for being attached to the driving chain are fixed on the support frames.

Preferably, the power supply is the motor, the positioning mechanism below still is provided with cleans the unit, clean the unit including can the pivoted cleaning barrel brush, cleaning barrel brush's both ends be provided with two the axis of rotation that the curb plate rotates to be connected, one of them one end of axis of rotation extends to outside the curb plate and is fixed with the belt pulley.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) according to the soil shoveling mechanism, the soil layer is loosened through the reciprocating motion of the soil shoveling unit, the soil shoveling mechanism forms a rotating pair by combining the eccentric wheel and the bearing, and compared with a traditional multi-connecting-rod mechanism, the soil shoveling mechanism is more compact in structure and more stable in motion while realizing the reciprocating motion, and the soil shoveling unit has stronger soil shoveling capacity due to the fact that the bearing has excellent radial bearing capacity.

(2) The garlic clamping device has the advantages that the garlic is more stable when clamped by the chain lifting unit in a structure that one end of the chain lifting unit is fixed and the other end of the chain lifting unit is suspended, the flexible clamping can adapt to the impact caused by uneven external road surface, vehicle vibration and the like, a certain buffering effect can be started, the impact force on the garlic in the transmission process is reduced, and the garlic falling probability is further reduced; in addition, the suspension structure provides a structural basis for the later beard cutting operation, can be matched with the beard cutting mechanism, can adapt to the change of the garlic size, and enables the beard cutting mechanism to accurately catch garlic beards so as to cut the beards.

(3) According to the garlic clamping device, garlic is clamped in a mode of the two chains, the two chains at the clamping position are always in a tensioning state by utilizing the characteristic that the two chains are opposite in rotation direction, so that the garlic clamping effect is further ensured, meanwhile, the chains are tensioned in a spring plate mode, the garlic clamping length can be increased, the clamping force of garlic can be kept in the garlic clamping and conveying process, and the garlic falling probability is further reduced.

(4) According to the invention, the supporting chain wheel is arranged on the chain, so that on one hand, the supporting chain wheel can play a local tensioning role, on the other hand, the supporting chain wheel can be matched with the floating of the chain lifting unit to support the chain, the supporting points of the chain in the transmission direction are increased, the length of the chain is indirectly shortened, the falling phenomenon of the long-distance chain due to self weight is reduced, and the phenomenon that the chain is disengaged from the chain wheel is avoided.

(5) According to the garlic harvesting machine, due to the arrangement of the beard shearing mechanism and the stem shearing mechanism, garlic is harvested in a combined manner, so that one-stop operation from soil loosening, garlic separation, beard shearing, stem shearing and warehousing is realized, and the labor intensity is greatly reduced; simultaneously can make the garlic obtain promoting before cutting palpus and shearing the stem under positioning mechanism's effect for the location of garlic is more accurate, so that subsequent accurate cutting palpus and shearing the stem, and then obtains comparatively regular garlic.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a garlic harvester according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the header;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a plurality of scraper units;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the scraper unit;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a plurality of earth-engaging units and a plurality of sprocket-lift units;

FIG. 6 is a plan view of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the linkage mechanism and the float lever;

FIG. 8 is a plan view of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a partial top view of the chain hoist unit;

FIG. 10 is a partial bottom view of the chain hoist unit;

FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of portion B of FIG. 10;

FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of section C of FIG. 10;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the positioning mechanism;

FIG. 15 is a plan view of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the construction of the hair cutting mechanism;

FIG. 17 is a schematic structural view of a stem shearing mechanism;

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of the chain drive configuration;

fig. 19 is a schematic view of the guide bar and chain hoist unit.

Description of reference numerals: 1-harvesting table, 11-side plate, 12-supporting arm, 13-driving cylinder, 2-earth shoveling unit, 21-movable knife bracket, 211-movable knife guide sleeve, 212-movable knife push rod, 22-movable knife rod, 221-movable knife, 23-hinged rod, 24-movable knife driving shaft, 25-eccentric wheel, 26-bearing, 3-chain lifting unit, 31-connecting rod mechanism, 311-floating sleeve, 312-first connecting rod, 313-T connecting rod, 314-second connecting rod, 315-adjusting bolt, 316-drawing spring, 32-first fixing rod, 33-floating rod, 34-second fixing rod, 35-lifting chain, 36-lifting chain wheel, 37-driving chain wheel, 38-supporting chain wheel, 381-waist-shaped groove, 382-limiting column, 39-tensioning column, 391-first elastic sheet, 392-second elastic sheet, 393-supporting spring, 4-chain transmission mechanism, 41-speed reducer, 42-supporting frame, 43-third elastic sheet, 5-positioning mechanism, 51-positioning cylinder, 52-positioning wheel, 521-notch, 53-first motor, 54-hinge, 55-tensioning spring, 6-trimming mechanism, 61-guide frame, 611-guide groove, 62-second motor, 7-diameter shearing mechanism, 71-adjusting sleeve, 8-blade, 9-cleaning cylinder brush, 001-beam, 002-conveyor belt and 003-guide rod.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.