阅读说明：本技术 一种掐丝珐琅样式的植物标本工艺品制作方法 (Manufacturing method of cloisonne-shaped plant specimen handicraft ) 是由 刘怡然 樊睿 王璐璐 于 2020-04-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种掐丝珐琅样式的植物标本工艺品制作方法,包括植物叶脉的制备、叶脉处理、聚丙烯腈挂膜、膜碳化处理,粘贴碳膜叶脉,涂敷釉料烧制成型等步骤,本发明根据色彩布局,对叶脉的脉纹涂敷面釉料,烧制完成着色,抛光清洗即得工艺品。本发明将植物叶片标本挂膜制备碳膜叶脉,既保存了叶脉的自然纹理,又可满足耐高温烧制的要求,烧制后的珐琅内叶脉逼真立体,且纹理细致,本发明有效的将植物标本与珐琅工艺结合,利用叶脉纹理图案点蓝烧制工艺品,省去了对纹理的平面绘制和掐丝,有效的提高了生产效率。(The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a cloisonne enamel-like plant specimen handicraft, which comprises the steps of preparation of plant veins, vein treatment, polyacrylonitrile film hanging, film carbonization, carbon film vein pasting, glaze coating, firing and forming and the like. According to the invention, the carbon film leaf veins are prepared by coating the plant leaf specimen, so that the natural veins of the leaf veins are preserved, the requirement of high-temperature-resistant firing can be met, the leaf veins in the fired enamel are vivid and stereoscopic, and the veins are fine.)

1. A manufacturing method of a cloisonne-shaped plant specimen handicraft is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

(1) preparing plant veins: washing with water after boiling with alkali solution to remove leaf pulp, and drying the residual water-absorbing paper;

(2) the plant leaf vein is subjected to toughening treatment or hardening treatment, so that the breakage of the leaf vein in the subsequent operation is reduced;

(3) adopting polyacrylonitrile to form a film on the veins;

(4) pre-oxidizing and carbonizing the leaves after film formation to obtain carbon film leaves;

(5) arranging the sticking position of the carbon film vein, brushing a layer of transparent bottom glaze on the sticking position of the matrix, sticking the carbon film vein, brushing a layer of transparent bottom glaze on the matrix, and firing;

(6) coating surface glaze on the veins of the veins according to the color layout, firing to finish coloring, polishing and cleaning to obtain the handicraft.

2. The method for making cloisonne-style plant specimen handicraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (5) after the carbon film vein is adhered, wire-wrapping a circle at the periphery of the vein, performing point blue firing according to a concave area formed by the vein, and coating a transparent ground glaze material for firing.

3. The method for making cloisonne-style plant specimen handicraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the carbon film vein is adhered after being coated with the dye, and the single coating thickness of the transparent bottom glaze is 0.2-0.8 mm.

4. The method for making cloisonne-style plant specimen handicraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: the firing temperature of the transparent bottom glaze material is 880-920 ℃, and the firing temperature of the surface glaze material is 830-890 ℃.

5. The method for making cloisonne-style plant specimen handicraft according to claim 4, characterized in that: the surface glaze material is antimony surface glaze or titanium surface glaze.

6. The method for making cloisonne-style plant specimen handicraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specific steps of the softening or hardening of the plant veins are as follows: when the plant leaves are hard, the plant leaves are soaked by glycerin and aloe gel for flexibility treatment, which comprises the following specific steps: mixing glycerol and aloe gel at a ratio of 1:5 to obtain flexible liquid, soaking the vein in the flexible liquid for 12h, taking out, rinsing with clear water, and drying with absorbent paper; when the plant leaves are tender, the plant leaves are directly soaked in a calcium bicarbonate solution for hardening treatment, which comprises the following specific steps: soaking vein in 25 deg.C saturated calcium bicarbonate solution for 30 days, replacing saturated calcium bicarbonate solution every 5 days, taking out, rinsing, and sucking water.

7. The method for making a cloisonne-type plant specimen handicraft according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the specific steps of the polyacrylonitrile film-forming on the veins are as follows:

(1) completely immersing the veins in a polyacrylonitrile film forming solution, taking out and spreading the veins on a porous ceramic plate, after flattening, sucking and taking out redundant film forming solution through small holes in the porous ceramic plate under negative pressure, and repeating the steps for multiple times to ensure uniform film forming;

(2) immersing the veins in a coagulating liquid for coagulation, wherein the coagulating liquid is a mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide and water or a mixed solution of dimethylformamide and water;

(3) then, a multi-stage gradient temperature water washing step is carried out, and the content of residual solvent in the membrane is lower than five per ten thousandth through multi-stage gradient temperature water washing;

(4) drying and densifying the washed veins, and heat setting the dried and densified membrane in superheated steam to obtain the polyacrylonitrile membrane-hanging veins.

8. The method for making cloisonne-style plant specimen handicraft according to claim 7, characterized in that: the preparation method of the polyacrylonitrile biofilm formation solution comprises the following steps: fully dissolving the completely dehydrated polyacrylonitrile membrane in DMSO or DMF, adding a thickening agent, fully stirring, filtering the dissolved solution, and defoaming in a vacuum standing state to obtain a membrane-forming solution, wherein the mass concentration of the polyacrylonitrile membrane in the membrane-forming solution is 19-22 wt%, and the mass concentration of the thickening agent is 2-5 wt%.

9. The method for making cloisonne-style plant specimen handicraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method of the carbon film vein comprises the following specific steps: flattening the obtained polyacrylonitrile biofilm-forming vein, performing preoxidation treatment in a preoxidation furnace with an air atmosphere of 200-275 ℃ for 30-60 minutes, and then sequentially performing carbonization treatment in a low-carbon furnace with a nitrogen atmosphere of 350-800 ℃ and a high-carbon furnace with a nitrogen atmosphere of 1100-1600 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of enamel preparation, in particular to a manufacturing method of a cloisonne-shaped plant specimen handicraft.

Background

The process of making enamel is to apply enamel glaze with different colors into different concave areas surrounded by cloisonne patterns. As a method of applying enamel frit, a dry method and a wet method are known.

The glaze is filled in during the point blue and the wire that wires inlay highly flush or slightly higher, through constantly the point blue on the metal matrix body and constantly go into the kiln stove and relapse the sintering and be coloured, the enamel glaze after the calcination should highly flush with the wire that wires inlay, sunken appears in the enamel glaze, the point blue is fired once more, should highly flush with the wire that wires inlay until the enamel glaze, the enamel color that obtains at last is very gorgeous, have the luster and feel like precious stone, corrosion-resistant, stand wear and tear, high temperature resistant, dampproofing and waterproofing, it is hard solid, it is not rotten not to age, do not fade, do not lose light.

In the existing preparation process of cloisonne enamel, plant patterns are manufactured by drawing a plain sketch firstly and then cloisonne on a matrix to form pattern lines, and the cloisonne enamel is formed by point-blue firing after the line is sealed.

In order to obtain realistic three-dimensional reality of plant lines and plant patterns, plant specimens are directly combined with enamel, venation textures of plants are fully utilized, the obtained lines are vivid and three-dimensional, the limitation of a wire inlay process is broken through, the textures are clear, details are real, however, the firing temperature of the enamel needs to reach 800-900 ℃, dry plant specimens cannot be remained on the surface of a matrix at the firing temperature, only some residual fuzzy print or glaze vacuoles are remained after firing, the subsequent point blue filling and drawing steps cannot be carried out, the three-dimensional effect cannot be mentioned, the combination of the plant specimens and the enamel is extremely difficult, and the current plant leaf pattern drawing can only be manually copied or simply drawn.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the defect that natural plant textures cannot be utilized in the preparation process of the existing enamel artware, the invention provides a manufacturing method of a cloisonne-style plant specimen artware.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a manufacturing method of a cloisonne-shaped plant specimen handicraft comprises the following specific steps:

(1) preparing plant veins: washing with water after boiling with alkali solution to remove leaf pulp, and drying the residual water-absorbing paper;

(2) the plant leaf vein is subjected to toughening treatment or hardening treatment, so that the breakage of the leaf vein in the subsequent operation is reduced;

(3) adopting polyacrylonitrile to form a film on the veins;

(4) pre-oxidizing and carbonizing the coated leaf vein once to obtain a carbon film leaf vein;

(5) arranging the sticking position of the carbon film vein, brushing a layer of transparent bottom glaze on the sticking position of the matrix, sticking the carbon film vein, brushing a layer of transparent bottom glaze on the matrix, and firing;

(6) coating surface glaze on the veins of the veins according to the color layout, firing to finish coloring, polishing and cleaning to obtain the handicraft.

Preferably, after the carbon film vein is adhered in the step (5), the periphery of the vein is pinched for a circle, and then the transparent ground glaze is coated for firing after the bluing firing is carried out according to the concave area formed by the vein.

Preferably, the carbon film vein is adhered after being coated with the dye, and the single-coating thickness of the transparent bottom glaze is 0.2-0.8 mm.

Preferably, the firing temperature of the transparent bottom glaze material is 880-920 ℃, and the firing temperature of the surface glaze material is 830-890 ℃.

Preferably, the overglaze material is antimony overglaze or titanium overglaze.

Preferably, the steps of softening or hardening the plant veins are as follows: when the plant leaves are hard, the plant leaves are soaked by glycerin and aloe gel for flexibility treatment, which comprises the following specific steps: mixing glycerol and aloe gel at a ratio of 1:5 to obtain flexible liquid, soaking the vein in the flexible liquid for 12h, taking out, rinsing with clear water, and drying with absorbent paper; when the plant leaves are tender, the plant leaves are directly soaked in a calcium bicarbonate solution for hardening treatment, which comprises the following specific steps: soaking vein in 25 deg.C saturated calcium bicarbonate solution for 30 days, replacing saturated calcium bicarbonate solution every 5 days, taking out, rinsing, and sucking water.

Preferably, the specific steps of the polyacrylonitrile for hanging the membrane on the veins are as follows:

(1) completely immersing the veins in a polyacrylonitrile film forming solution, taking out and spreading the veins on a porous ceramic plate, after flattening, sucking and taking out redundant film forming solution through small holes in the porous ceramic plate under negative pressure, and repeating the steps for multiple times to ensure uniform film forming;

(2) immersing the veins in a coagulating liquid for coagulation, wherein the coagulating liquid is a mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide and water or a mixed solution of dimethylformamide and water;

(3) then, a multi-stage gradient temperature water washing step is carried out, and the content of residual solvent in the membrane is lower than five per ten thousandth through multi-stage gradient temperature water washing;

(4) drying and densifying the washed veins, and heat setting the dried and densified membrane in superheated steam to obtain the polyacrylonitrile membrane-hanging veins.

Preferably, the preparation method of the polyacrylonitrile biofilm formation solution comprises the following steps: fully dissolving the completely dehydrated polyacrylonitrile membrane in DMSO or DMF, adding a thickening agent, fully stirring, filtering the dissolved solution, and defoaming in a vacuum standing state to obtain a membrane-forming solution, wherein the mass concentration of the polyacrylonitrile membrane in the membrane-forming solution is 19-22 wt%, and the mass concentration of the thickening agent is 2-5 wt%.

Preferably, the preparation method of the carbon film vein comprises the following steps: flattening the obtained polyacrylonitrile biofilm-forming vein, performing preoxidation treatment in a preoxidation furnace with an air atmosphere of 200-275 ℃ for 30-60 minutes, and then sequentially performing carbonization treatment in a low-carbon furnace with a nitrogen atmosphere of 350-800 ℃ and a high-carbon furnace with a nitrogen atmosphere of 1100-1600 ℃.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the method effectively retains the vein of the vein through the steps of vein treatment, polyacrylonitrile film hanging, carbonization and the like, has the advantages of complete detail preservation and difficult vein fracture, effectively retains the carbon film in the glaze layer by utilizing the high temperature resistance of the carbon film, effectively supports the glaze in the firing process, has no gas release and impurity residue, ensures that the glaze of the finished product is smooth, has no phenomena of collapse, air holes, slag inclusion and the like, and effectively improves the artistic value of the finished product. Meanwhile, the carbon film veins are flexible in texture, and cannot be broken when being paved on arc surfaces with different radians, so that the carbon film veins are suitable for smooth application on the surface of a tyre body. Therefore, the carbon film leaf veins are prepared by coating the plant leaf specimen, the natural veins of the leaf veins are preserved, the requirement of high-temperature-resistant firing can be met, the veins in the fired enamel are vivid and stereoscopic, the veins are fine, the plant leaf specimen is effectively combined with the enamel process, the vein pattern is utilized to perform point blue firing on the artware, plane drawing and wire inlay on the veins are omitted, and the production efficiency is effectively improved.

The invention also successfully coats a layer of polyacrylonitrile film with proper thickness on the surface of the vein by adjusting the components and the proportion of the polyacrylonitrile film-coating liquid, and the carbonized carbon film is not adhered and is not hollow, thereby being beneficial to the formation of the three-dimensional effect of the vein in the finished product.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional electron microscope image of polyacrylonitrile membrana-forming veins.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional electron micrograph of carbon film veins.

FIG. 3 shows the veins of the plant and their veins.

Detailed Description

The following examples are included to provide further detailed description of the present invention and to provide those skilled in the art with a more complete, concise, and exact understanding of the principles and spirit of the invention.