阅读说明：本技术 一种能够还原金属的设备及还原工艺 (Equipment capable of reducing metal and reduction process ) 是由 刘虎才 刘竞阳 于 2020-05-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种能够还原金属的设备及还原工艺。所述设备包括炉体、喷枪、排气孔和收集部；所述排气孔连接设置于所述炉体顶部,且向内延伸至所述炉体内部；所述喷枪连接设置于所述炉体侧面上部；所述收集部连接设置于所述炉体底部；所述收集部包括渣孔和金属液出孔；所述炉体包含锥体结构,且所述锥体结构纵截面逐步减小的区域为所述炉体的底部。所述能够还原金属的设备可以代替高炉炼铁和其他生产海绵铁的设备,且还原工艺中所用的还原性气体原料还可取代冶金焦的骨架作用,并去掉了铁精粉烧结、焦煤炼焦、焦炭整粒等过程,简化了生产工艺,使燃料的利用率达到最优。(The invention relates to equipment capable of reducing metal and a reduction process. The device comprises a furnace body, a spray gun, an exhaust hole and a collecting part; the exhaust hole is connected with the top of the furnace body and extends inwards to the inside of the furnace body; the spray gun is connected and arranged at the upper part of the side surface of the furnace body; the collecting part is connected and arranged at the bottom of the furnace body; the collecting part comprises a slag hole and a molten metal outlet hole; the furnace body comprises a cone structure, and the area of the longitudinal section of the cone structure gradually reduced is the bottom of the furnace body. The equipment capable of reducing metal can replace blast furnace ironmaking and other equipment for producing sponge iron, the reducing gas raw material used in the reduction process can also replace the skeleton action of metallurgical coke, the processes of fine iron powder sintering, coking by coking coal, coke granulation and the like are eliminated, the production process is simplified, and the utilization rate of fuel is optimized.)

1. The equipment capable of reducing metal is characterized by comprising a furnace body (1), a spray gun (2), an exhaust hole (3) and a collecting part (4); the exhaust hole (3) is connected with the top of the furnace body (1) and extends inwards to the inside of the furnace body (1); the spray gun (2) is connected and arranged on the upper part of the side surface of the furnace body (1); the collecting part (4) is connected and arranged at the bottom of the furnace body (1); the collecting part (4) comprises a slag hole (41) and a metal tapping hole (42); the furnace body (1) comprises a cone structure (11), and the area of the longitudinal section of the cone structure (11) which is gradually reduced is the bottom of the furnace body (1).

2. An apparatus capable of reducing metal according to claim 1, characterized in that the furnace body (1) further comprises a cylindrical structure (12), the cylindrical structure (12) being in communication with the conical structure (11).

3. An apparatus capable of reducing metal according to claim 1, characterized in that the slag hole (41) is located at the upper part of the metal tapping hole (42).

4. A reduction process carried out by means of an apparatus capable of reducing metals according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the steps of:

(i) heating the furnace body (1);

(ii) mixing a reducing agent, combustion-supporting gas, a flux and a metal compound to be reduced, and spraying the mixture into the furnace body (1) through the spray gun (2);

(iii) when the metal compound to be reduced finishes the reduction reaction, the metal compound is preliminarily collected by the collecting part (4) and then flows out from the metal liquid outlet (42), and the required reduced metal is obtained.

5. A reduction process according to claim 4, wherein the reduced metal obtained is any one of iron, copper, tin or lead.

6. A reduction process according to claim 4, wherein in step (i), the temperature of the heating is greater than the melting point of the metal being reduced.

7. A reduction process according to claim 4, wherein in step (ii), the reductant is coal fines, hydrogen or carbon monoxide.

8. A reduction process according to claim 4, wherein in step (ii), the combustion-supporting gas is oxygen.

9. A reduction process according to claim 4, wherein in step (ii), the flux is calcium oxide or magnesium oxide.

10. A reduction process according to claim 4, wherein the plant process arrangement for reducing metals is used in parallel or in series.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of metallurgy, and particularly relates to equipment capable of reducing metal and a reduction process.

Background

Taking steel as an example, more than 90% of the iron and steel in the world is obtained by blast furnace iron making, which is the main body of iron making production, and the technology of the iron and steel is mature after a long period of development, but the technology also has the inherent defect that the strong dependence on metallurgical coke has an outstanding influence on areas lacking coke coal resources. On the contrary, the abundant cheap non-coking coal cannot be fully utilized in the iron-making production, and in order to reduce the iron-making cost, people are always seeking to replace the metallurgical coke with other fuels, wherein coal powder injection, heavy oil injection and natural gas injection are all effective measures, but the effects of the measures are limited and cannot replace the skeleton action of the coke in the blast furnace. Therefore, blast furnace iron making is the mainstream of pig iron production in the world today, and the most typical process flow of modern steel production is as follows: blast furnace iron materials (lump ore, pellet and sinter), metallurgical coke (coking coal → coke oven → metallurgical coke) and lump flux are mixed and enter a blast furnace → molten iron → a converter → converter steel.

In order to find an iron-making process without or with a small amount of coke, non-blast furnace iron-making is generated, and the current main process of non-blast furnace iron-making comprises two process flows of direct reduction and smelting reduction, and is also the main body of the modern non-blast furnace iron-making process. The product produced by non-blast furnace ironmaking direct reduction is sponge iron, the product is a high-quality raw material for electric furnace steelmaking, the product has important significance for developing the short flow of ferrous metallurgy, and the main equipment for industrial production is as follows: a shaft furnace, a reaction tank, a rotary kiln and a fluidized bed. The smelting reduction is equivalent to blast furnace ironmaking in the ferrous metallurgy production, the product of the smelting reduction is liquid pig iron, and the process flow is essentially as follows: the combination of two process flows of direct reduction and melting reduction. The main equipment for industrial production is as follows: corex c-3000, Finex, HIsmeh, HIsarna. The main disadvantages of these two non-blast furnace ironmaking processes relative to conventional blast furnace ironmaking are: high energy consumption, low efficiency, the quality of the molten iron can not reach the standard of the traditional blast furnace molten iron, and some coke must be used in the production process.

Therefore, in non-blast furnace ironmaking equipment and process, further research needs to be carried out.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides equipment capable of reducing metal and a reduction process. The equipment capable of reducing metal can replace blast furnace ironmaking and other equipment for producing sponge iron, the reducing gas raw material used in the reduction process can also replace the skeleton action of metallurgical coke, the processes of fine iron powder sintering, coking by coking coal, coke granulation and the like are eliminated, the production process is simplified, and the utilization rate of fuel is optimized.

The scheme of the invention is that equipment capable of reducing metal is provided, which comprises a furnace body, a spray gun, an exhaust hole and a collecting part; the exhaust hole is connected with the top of the furnace body and extends inwards to the inside of the furnace body; the spray gun is connected and arranged at the upper part of the side surface of the furnace body; the collecting part is connected and arranged at the bottom of the furnace body; the collecting part comprises a slag hole and a molten metal outlet hole; the furnace body comprises a cone structure, and the area of the longitudinal section of the cone structure gradually reduced is the bottom of the furnace body.

Preferably, the furnace body further comprises a cylindrical structure, and the cylindrical structure is communicated with the cone structure.

Preferably, the slag hole is located at an upper portion of the metal tap hole.

Based on the same technical concept, the invention also provides a reduction process carried out by using the equipment capable of reducing metal, which comprises the following steps:

(i) heating the furnace body;

(ii) mixing a reducing agent, combustion-supporting gas, a flux and a metal compound to be reduced, and spraying the mixture into the furnace body through the spray gun;

(iii) and when the metal compound to be reduced finishes the reduction reaction, the metal compound is preliminarily collected by the collecting part and flows out from the metal liquid outlet, and the required reduced metal is obtained.

Preferably, the reduced metal obtained is any one of iron, copper, tin or lead.

Preferably, in step (i), the temperature of the heating is greater than the melting point of the metal being reduced.

Preferably, in step (ii), the reductant is coal dust, hydrogen or carbon monoxide.

Preferably, in step (ii), the combustion-supporting gas is oxygen.

Preferably, in step (ii), the flux is calcium oxide or magnesium oxide.

Preferably, the plant process arrangement for reducing metals is used in parallel or in series.

The principle is explained in connection with the apparatus and the process:

the method comprises the steps of heating a furnace body, mixing a reducing agent (such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide or coal powder), combustion-supporting gas (oxygen or air), a flux and a metal compound to be reduced (such as fine iron powder), and spraying the mixture into the furnace body through a spray gun in a tangential direction (wherein the spray gun can be arranged along the wall of the furnace body at multiple points in the radial direction, so that the initial speed of primary mixed spraying can be reduced, the diameter of the furnace body can be increased, and the spray gun is arranged along the wall of the furnace body at multiple points in the axial direction, so that the initial speed of primary mixed spraying of the furnace body can be reduced, the length of the furnace body can be increased, and the reduction time of the fine iron powder can be. Because the solid raw materials are all fine granular powder when being selected, the average particle size is controlled to be about 50 mu m, the powder can be completely sprayed into the furnace body along with the reducing gas and the combustion-supporting gas, the furnace body is designed to be a cone, the gas can rotate in the mode of tornado by utilizing the working principle of a swirler in the furnace body, the high-temperature gas serves as the skeleton of coke in a blast furnace, and the powder particles can be mixed into the air flow and are uniformly distributed in the furnace body.

At the moment, the interior of the furnace body is in a high-temperature state, fine-grained fine iron powder can be instantly liquefied, and gradually gathers and is reduced like raindrops in a gas vortex rotating at a high speed, liquid drops of the instantly liquefied fine iron powder can be thrown onto the wall of the furnace body with a certain taper due to centrifugal force, and finally flow into the collecting part under the action of gravity through gradual gathering (the liquid drops of the fine iron powder are continuously reduced in the furnace body), and water vapor or carbon dioxide generated in the reaction process (when the reducing agent does not use carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide cannot be generated) can be discharged through the exhaust hole; and because the exhaust hole inwards extends to the inside of the furnace body, the loss caused by directly discharging the reducing gas and the combustion-supporting gas when the reducing gas and the combustion-supporting gas are sprayed into the furnace body can be avoided.

Through practical tests, the limit reduction time of the fine iron powder with the granularity of 50 mu m is 29s, the obtained molten iron is collected in the collecting part and flows out through the molten metal outlet, and the reaction slag with lighter density is taken out from the slag outlet.

In addition, the equipment can be called as a cyclone furnace because the equipment skillfully utilizes the working principle of a cyclone and the principle of forming raindrops to reduce the powdery metal oxide; meanwhile, the process arrangement of the cyclone furnace can be used in parallel connection or in series connection. For example, in the production of sponge iron, the reduction temperature of a series-connected cyclone furnace after the reduction of fine iron powder is finished can be higher than 830 ℃ of cohesive defluidization, so that the particle size of the reduced sponge iron powder is grown, and the subsequent processing is convenient.

The method can reduce iron and any one of copper, tin or lead, and the principle is the same.

The chemical reaction equations that may occur inside the furnace body are shown in formulas (a) to (m). The dosage ratio of the required raw materials can be calculated out by a chemical reaction equation, and then the theoretical value is corrected to be an actual value according to requirements by combining with the conditions of actual production.

3Fe₂O₃+CO＝2Fe₃O₄+CO₂··········(a)

Fe₃O₄+CO＝3FeO+CO₂···········(b)

Fe₃O₄+4CO＝3Fe+4CO₂···········(c)

FeO+CO＝Fe+CO₂·············(d)

3Fe₂O₃+H₂＝2Fe₃O₄+H₂O··········(e)

Fe₃O₄+H₂＝3FeO+H₂O···········(f)

Fe₃O₄+4H₂＝3Fe+4H₂O···········(g)

FeO+H₂＝Fe+H₂O·············(h)

CuO+H₂＝Cu+H₂O·············(i)

CuO+CO＝Cu+CO₂·············(j)

SnO₂+2CO＝Sn+2CO₂············(k)

PbO+CO＝Pb+CO₂·············(l)

Pb₂O₃+3CO＝2Pb+3CO₂···········(m)

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the equipment capable of reducing metal can replace blast furnace ironmaking and other equipment for producing sponge iron, the reducing gas raw material used in the reduction process can also replace the skeleton action of metallurgical coke, the processes of sintering fine iron powder, coking by coking coal, granulating by coke and the like are eliminated, the production process is simplified, and the utilization rate of fuel is optimized.

2. The reduction process improves the production rate of ironmaking, reduces the fine iron powder within 29 seconds in the high-temperature reducing gas atmosphere, has the speed far higher than the reduction speed of blast furnace pellets, sinter and lump ores, and greatly reduces the ironmaking cost (the blast furnace construction cost, the fine iron powder sintering cost and the coke coking cost by using power coal instead of coke); meanwhile, because the granularity of the powder raw materials is small, the powder raw materials can be mixed very uniformly in the gas in the furnace body, so that the automatic control of the iron making process is easier and more accurate, and the powder raw materials can be timely fired, stopped, overhauled and maintained.

3. When the reducing gas is hydrogen, the zero emission of carbon dioxide can be achieved, and the method is more environment-friendly.

The preferred scheme of the invention also has the following beneficial effects:

when the reducing agent is hydrogen or carbon monoxide, ash and harmful elements (sulfur, lead, potassium and sodium) entering the furnace can be reduced to the maximum extent.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a first schematic structural view of the apparatus capable of reducing metal according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a first structural schematic diagram of the apparatus capable of reducing metal according to the present invention.

The reference numbers in the figures are:

1-furnace body; 11-a cone structure; 12-a cylindrical structure; 2-a spray gun; 3-air exhaust holes; 4-a collecting section; 41-slag hole; 42-metal tapping hole.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.