阅读说明：本技术 用于监测捣固单元的载荷的方法和系统 (Method and system for monitoring the load of a tamping unit ) 是由 B·迈尔 A·普赫迈尔 J·麦克斯-托伊雷尔 于 2018-11-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于监测轨道维护机(1)的捣固单元(2)的载荷的方法,其中设置至少一个传感器(3)以检测所述捣固单元(2)的载荷。此处,在时间段(T)内将通过所述传感器(3)记录的测量数据存储在评估装置(5)中,其中,根据所存储的测量数据推导出捣固单元(2)向道碴床(10)中进行周期性穿透操作(17)的至少一个载荷-时间曲线。由此可以得出关于所述捣固单元(2)的载荷应力情况和所述道碴床(10)的状况的结论。(The invention relates to a method for monitoring the load of a tamping unit (2) of a track maintenance machine (1), wherein at least one sensor (3) is provided for detecting the load of the tamping unit (2). The measurement data recorded by the sensor (3) are stored in an evaluation device (5) over a period of time (T), wherein at least one load-time curve of the periodic penetration operation (17) of the tamping unit (2) into the ballast bed (10) is derived from the stored measurement data. Conclusions can be drawn about the load stress situation of the tamping unit (2) and the condition of the ballast bed (10).)

1. A method for monitoring the load of a tamping unit (2) of a track maintenance machine (1), wherein at least one sensor (3) is provided to record the load on the tamping unit (2), characterized in that: storing the measurement data recorded by the sensor (3) in an evaluation device (5) over a period of time (T); and deducing at least one load-time curve of the periodic penetration operation (17) of the tamping unit (2) into the ballast bed (10) from the stored measurement data.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: and calculating a load spectrum according to the load-time curve.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: monitoring a hydraulic cylinder (23) arranged in a lifting device (22) of the tamping unit (2); and the piston stroke (x) and the hydraulic pressure acting in the hydraulic cylinder (23) are recorded as measurement data.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: calculating the penetration energy (E) generated during the penetration of the tamping unit (2) into the ballast bed (10)_E)。

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: calculating the effective penetration power (P) of the tamping unit (2) during the penetration into the ballast bed (10)_E)。

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: monitoring an eccentric drive (14) of the tamping unit (2); and recording the power of the eccentric drive (14) over the time period (T).

7. The method of claim 5, wherein: monitoring a hydraulic eccentric drive (14) of the tamping unit (2); recording the pressure (Δ p) and the flow (Q) as measurement data; and deducing the hydraulic power (P) of the eccentric drive (14) from the measurement data_H)。

8. The method of claim 5, wherein: monitoring an electric eccentric drive (14) of the tamping unit (2); recording the voltage and current as measurement data; and deriving the electrical power of the eccentric drive (14) from the measurement data.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: -defining by a computer unit (28) maintenance or inspection intervals for the tamping unit (2) according to the load-time curve.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: the tamped ballast bed (10) is classified by a computer unit (28) according to the load-time curve.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein: the classification of the ballast bed (10) in relation to the application time and/or application location is displayed in an output device (29).

12. A system for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein said tamping unit (2) comprises at least one sensor (3) for recording the load; the method is characterized in that: the sensor (3) is connected to the evaluation device (5); and the evaluation device (5) is designed to determine the load-time curve from the stored measurement data.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein: the evaluation device (5) comprises a data acquisition device (25), a microprocessor (26), and a communication device (27) for transmitting data to a remote computer system (28) or an output device (29).

14. The system according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that: a machine controller (32) connected to a drive or control assembly of the tamping unit (2); and providing the measurement data to the machine controller (32) to adjust control data.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein: the machine controller (32) is connected to the evaluation device (5) in order to specify the characteristic values calculated by the evaluation device (5) as control parameters.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for monitoring the load of a tamping unit of a track maintenance machine, wherein at least one sensor is provided for recording the load on the tamping unit. The invention also relates to a system for implementing said method.

Background

From EP 2154497 a2, a device is known for bearing diagnosis of an eccentric shaft of a tamping unit by means of a vibration sensor. The vibration sensor is arranged on the housing of the eccentric drive. Only the free vibration of the eccentric drive is detected in the phase in which the tamping unit is located outside the ballast bed. From the data recorded at each time interval, conclusions can be drawn about the wear conditions of the bearings of the eccentric shaft.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improvement over the prior art of methods and systems of the type mentioned at the outset.

According to the invention, these objects are achieved by a method according to claim 1 and a system according to claim 12. Advantageous further developments of the invention are apparent from the dependent claims.

In this case, the measurement data recorded by the sensors are stored in the evaluation device over a period of time, wherein at least one load-time curve of the periodic penetration operation of the tamping unit into the ballast bed is derived from the stored measurement data. In this way, external or internal forces acting on the tamping unit or on components of the tamping unit are taken into account in the time profile of the load values. On the one hand, conclusions can be drawn about the load stress situation of the tamping unit in order to specify maintenance measures or maintenance intervals. On the other hand, the ballast bed processed by the tamping unit can be evaluated, since conclusions can be drawn about the forces acting on the tamping unit by the ballast bed on the basis of the recorded curves of the load values.

Embodiments of the present invention propose to calculate the load spectrum from the load-time curve. The load spectrum can immediately show which loads the tamping unit was subjected to during the recorded time period. By comparison with fatigue strength specifications, a predictable life of the tamper unit or parts of the tamper unit can be obtained.

For the evaluation of the current load situation of the operator, it is advantageous if the load situation derived from the load-time curve can be displayed by an output device. In this way, it is possible to react immediately to any situation in which the specified load stress limit is exceeded.

In an advantageous method, a hydraulic cylinder arranged in a lifting device of the tamping unit is monitored, wherein the piston stroke and the hydraulic pressure acting in the hydraulic cylinder are recorded as measurement data. Based on these measurement data, the penetration force for each penetration operation is calculated by the evaluation device. The corresponding load-time curve forms an evaluation criterion for the load stress of the tamping unit or the quality of the ballast bed.

A further development of the method proposes to calculate the penetration energy which is generated during the penetration of the tamping unit into the ballast bed. The profile of the penetration energy over several tamping cycles is described as a corresponding load-time profile. Here, it is useful to be able to form an average value to effectively attenuate an abnormality that may occur during recording of measurement data. An important evaluation parameter for the quality of the ballast bed is the penetration energy caused for penetration into the ballast bed.

It is further advantageous to calculate the penetration power effective during the penetration of the tamping unit into the ballast bed. From the curve of the penetration power over a continuous operating period, conclusions can be drawn about the quality of the treated track. Furthermore, the penetration power to be induced is an important evaluation parameter for the load stress of the tamping unit.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, or as an improvement of the above method, it is proposed to monitor the eccentric drive of the tamper unit, so that the power of the eccentric drive during the operating period can be recorded. By using the curve of the generated eccentric power as a load-time curve, conclusions can be drawn about the load stress state of the tamping unit or the mass of the ballast bed.

It is advantageous here for the pressure or the differential pressure and the flow in the hydraulic eccentric drive of the tamping unit to be recorded as measurement data and for the hydraulic power of the eccentric drive to be derived from the measurement data. In addition, the power of the eccentric drive can also be derived from the measured torque and rotational speed.

The same applies to the embodiment in which the tamping unit has an electric eccentric drive. This would facilitate monitoring, enabling the applied voltage and current to be recorded as measurement data from which the electrical power of the eccentric drive can be derived.

For an automated maintenance schedule, it is advantageous if a maintenance or inspection interval for the tamping unit is specified by the computer unit according to the load-time curve.

Furthermore, for the automated evaluation of the state of the ballast bed, it is advantageous if the tamped ballast bed is classified by the computer unit on the basis of the load-time curve.

An improvement of the method proposes that the classification of the ballast bed associated with the implementation time and/or implementation location is displayed in an output device. In this way, it is immediately clear which ballast bed quality is present in a particular working area.

In a system according to the invention for carrying out one of the above-described methods, the tamping unit comprises at least one sensor for recording the load, wherein the sensor is connected to an evaluation device; and wherein the evaluation device is designed to determine a load-time curve from the stored measurement data. The evaluation device is located on the tamping machine or in a remotely located system center. The measurement data are transmitted to the evaluation device via signal lines, an internal vehicle bus system or a wireless communication device.

In an advantageous embodiment of the system, the evaluation means comprise data acquisition means, a microprocessor and communication means for transmitting data to a remote computer system or output means. The data acquisition Device (DAQ) digitizes the analog sensor signals in order to determine a load-time curve from the digitized measurement data by means of the microprocessor. In particular, a characteristic signal region is recognized by the microprocessor and a relevant characteristic value is calculated.

A further development of the system proposes that a machine controller is connected to the drive or control assembly of the tamping unit and that measurement data is supplied to the machine controller for adjusting the control data. An effective control loop is thereby achieved to avoid any overloading of the tamper unit. In this case, it is useful if the machine controller is also connected to the evaluation device in order to calculate the characteristic value from the evaluation deviceIs specified as a control parameter for the machine controller. In this way, for example, it is possible to react automatically to changes in the quality of the ballast bed.

Drawings

The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

fig. 1 schematically shows a tamper with a tamping unit;

figure 2 schematically shows a tamping unit;

FIG. 3 schematically shows a signal profile during two tamping cycles;

FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a system architecture;

FIG. 5 schematically shows a power curve over time; and

fig. 6 schematically shows a display in an output device.

Detailed Description

The system shown by way of example comprises a tamper 1 with a tamping unit 2, on which tamping unit 2 several sensors 3 are arranged for recording the load on the tamping unit 2. The sensor signal is transmitted via a signal line 4 to an evaluation device 5. In the evaluation device 5, the measurement data recorded by the sensor 3 are stored and evaluated over a time period T. The tamper 1 is movable on a track 6. The track 6 comprises a rail network 9 of rails 7, sleepers 8 and rail fastening means, the rail network 9 being supported on a ballast bed 10 (as shown in figure 1).

During tamping of the track 6, the rail network 9 is placed in the desired position by the pulling unit 11. In order to stabilize the position, the tamping tools 12 of the tamping unit 2 penetrate into the ballast bed 10 between the sleepers 8. In the process, the tamping tool 12 is driven by a vibration movement 13. The oscillating movement 13 is generated by an eccentric drive 14. The pressing cylinders 15 connected to the eccentric drive 14 press the tamping tools 12 together in the lowered position, i.e. move the tamping tools 12 towards each other (fig. 2). The vibratory motion 13 continues to superimpose the squeezing motion 16, wherein the vibration frequency (e.g., 45Hz) during the penetration operation 17 is typically selected to be higher than the vibration frequency (e.g., 35Hz) during the squeezing operation 18. This way, penetration into the ballast is facilitated, because: at increased frequencies, the vibrating ballast resembles a flowing medium.

The eccentric drive 14 is arranged on a tool carrier 19. Furthermore, a pivot arm 20 is mounted on the tool carrier 19. The pivoting arm is equipped with a tamping tool 12 at the lower end. The pivot arm 20 is coupled at an upper end via a squeeze cylinder 15 with an eccentric shaft powered by an eccentric drive 14. The tool carrier 19 is guided in an assembly frame 21 and can be moved vertically by means of a lifting device 22. The lifting device 22 here comprises a hydraulic cylinder 23. The hydraulic cylinder 23 is supported in a frame 24 of the tamper 1 and, in operation, the hydraulic cylinder 23 generates a lifting force F on the tool carrier 19_Z. The lifting force F exerted by the hydraulic cylinder 23 during the penetration operation 17 is hereby generated_ZIs a penetrating force F acting on the ballast bed 10_EA part of (a).

By measuring the hydraulic pressure acting in the hydraulic cylinder 23, a simple measure can be takenFormula (I) determining the lifting force F_Z. To determine the penetration force F_EThe mass and acceleration of the tool carrier 19 (including the components mounted thereon) should be considered. In this case, the acceleration may be calculated by a double differentiation method from the measured piston stroke x of the hydraulic cylinder 23. Therefore, in the case of a known mass of the moving part, in order to determine the penetration force F_EOnly pressure and stroke measurements of the hydraulic cylinder 23 are required.

Recording the measured data over a time period T yields the penetration F_ECurve over time t. In this way, a simple load-time curve can be obtained in the first place. For further evaluation, more particularly, several tamping cycles are monitored and the respective maximum penetration forces during the respective penetration operation 17 are stored, so that the load-time curve shows the maximum penetration force over time t (i.e. over a plurality of consecutive tamping cycles). From the load-time curve or the load-time function, the load spectrum can be determined in a simple manner. From this load spectrum it is immediately clear which load stresses have occurred during the considered time period T.

To further refine the load-time curve, the penetration energy E for each penetration operation 17 is calculated_E：

Or (1)

(2) Wherein:

x₀: the starting point of the penetration path;

x₁: an end point of the penetration path;

t₀: the start of the penetration operation 17;

t₁: the end of the penetration operation 17.

By monitoring several penetration operations 17 over a time period T, the penetration energy E may be obtained_ECurve over time t. In this caseThe formation of an average value over several breakthrough operations 17 reduces anomalies that may occur during the recording of measurement data.

In a further process, it may be useful to determine the penetration power P generated during the respective penetration operation_E:

According to penetration power P_EThe curves over the continuous operating period T allow conclusions to be drawn about the load stress situation of the tamping unit 2 and the quality of the ballast bed 10 treated during the operating period T. The formation of the mean value is also useful here.

In the case of multiple tamping, several tamping operations (sub-cycles) are carried out at one location of the track 6 in order to achieve a defined degree of compaction of the ballast bed 10. In this case, several stress-time curves are formed, i.e. sequences corresponding to the sub-periods. For example, in the case of double tamping, the penetration force F is determined for all first sub-periods and for all second sub-periods individually_EPenetration energy E_EOr penetration power P_ECurve (c) of (d).

A hydraulic motor is provided, for example, as an eccentric drive 14 for generating vibrations. In this case, the pressure difference Δ P between the inflow and outflow of the hydraulic oil and the flow rate Q of the hydraulic oil are measured to determine the hydraulic power P of the eccentric drive 14_H。

P_H＝Δp·Q (4)。

Eccentric power P_HThe average values were taken over the respective tamping periods. For a continuous operating period T with a plurality of tamping cycles, the eccentric power P can be determined_HThe curve over time t is taken as the vibration stress-time curve.

Fig. 3 shows the respective curves in a simplified manner. The uppermost graph shows the curve of the penetration path x (penetration depth) in time t. This curve corresponds to the recorded piston stroke x of the hydraulic cylinder 23. At the starting point x of the penetration path₀At the position of the air compressor, the air compressor is started,the tip of the tamping tool 12 contacts the surface of the ballast bed 10 at the end point x of the penetration path₁Where tamping tool 12 has reached the desired maximum penetration depth. In the following figures, the flow Q, the pressure difference Δ P, the resulting eccentric power P_HCurve of values and penetration force F to the bottom_EAre all shown on the corresponding time axis.

As shown in fig. 4, the evaluation device 5 comprises a data acquisition device 25, a microprocessor 26 and a communication device 27 (e.g. a modem) for transmitting data to a remote computer system 28 or an output device 29. The microprocessor 26 is conveniently connected to a storage device 30 for intermediate storage of data. The remote computer system 28 also includes a database device 31 for storing historical data.

The output signal of the sensor 3 is supplied to a machine controller 32 to form a control loop (egelkreislaufs). In this way, the control signal can be effectively adjusted to accommodate changing system conditions. By digitization of the data acquisition device 25, digital measurement data are formed from the output signals of the sensor 3 and provided to the microprocessor 26. The measurement data are stored for a predetermined time period T. From the measurement data, a load-time curve is compiled and evaluated by the microprocessor 26. In this process, characteristic signal regions are identified and associated characteristic values are calculated, for example the load spectrum of the lifting device 22 and the eccentric drive 14 or the classification of the ballast bed 10. The characteristic values are transmitted to the machine controller 32 so that the control parameters can be adjusted. In this way, for example, the tamping parameters are adapted to the determined hardness of the ballast bed 10.

Advantageously, the remote computer system 28 is arranged in the system center 33 in order to analyze the currently recorded data and the historical data and to specify maintenance or inspection intervals for the tamping unit 2 which are derived from the currently recorded data and the historical data. As a criterion in this respect, for example, a comparison of the formed load spectrum with a predetermined fatigue strength range may be used.

FIG. 5 shows the eccentric work during the continuous operating period TRate P_HAnd penetration power P_EExamples of the curves of (c). Here, the similarity between the two curves is evident, since the mass of the ballast bed 10 is related to P_HAnd P_EBoth of which have an effect. For a relatively hard ballast bed 10 which has a long service life, a higher eccentric power P is required_HAnd higher penetration power P_E. However, in the case of a new track with new ballast, the power P to be supplied_H、P_EWill be lower.

In order to assign a defined quality class (soft new layer, medium, hard aged) to the respective treatment section of the ballast bed 10, two power values P are used_HAnd P_EDefine a corresponding range of values. The processed ballast bed portions are automatically classified by comparing the determined power curve with these predetermined value ranges.

Advantageously, the determined quality level in relation to the implementation time and the implementation location is displayed in an output device 29 (computer display, tablet computer, etc.). In the simplest case, the display is in the form of a table comprising the date, the construction site name, the quality class and the mean eccentric power P_HAnd average penetration power P_E。

The display 34 with the higher information content is shown in fig. 6. Here, the construction site 35 is drawn on an electronic map 36, wherein different marked quality classes are assigned to the individual construction site sections. This marking is based on a specified hardness rating 37 for the ballast bed 10. Further, a date and time indication 38 is displayed at a prominent location on the construction site.