阅读说明：本技术 一种果树阴阳消长动态平衡高接换头的方法 (Method for dynamically balancing yin and yang waning and growing of fruit trees and high-joint head replacement ) 是由 张晓霞 任景荣 魏亚静 何雪雨 曹改连 全挺 何苏宁 韩亚维 朱群娥 龙小惠 段 于 2020-04-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种果树阴阳消长动态平衡高接换头的方法,属于果树嫁接领域,该果树阴阳消长动态平衡高接换头的方法具体步骤为准备果树高接换头枝,选头割伤修剪处理,嫁接截留,果树阴阳消长动态平衡处理操作,果树高接换头后成长管理和果树修剪管理伤口处理。本发明深度达割伤处树体直径的1/3,并用激素辅助处理,有利隐芽萌发抽枝,分杈基部刺激出芽成枝,有利于高接后树体易于整型,冬剪时,对各大骨干枝延长头适当重截,其余结果枝修剪,老有品种逐渐回缩,嫁接品种逐渐放出,避免了传统高接换头一刀切造成的树上树下阴阳平衡失调,毛细根死伤太多的问题。(The invention provides a method for dynamically balancing yin and yang length elimination and top changing of a fruit tree, belonging to the field of fruit tree grafting. The invention reaches 1/3 of the diameter of the tree body at the cut part deeply, and is assisted by hormone, thus facilitating the germination and the branch drawing of hidden buds, stimulating the bud and the branch formation at the branch base part, facilitating the shaping of the tree body after high grafting, properly re-cutting the extension head of each big skeleton branch during winter pruning, trimming the rest bearing branches, gradually retracting the old varieties and gradually releasing the grafted varieties, and avoiding the problems of imbalance of the yin and yang balance of the upper tree and the dead and damaged capillary roots caused by the traditional high-grafting head-changing one-knife cutting.)

1. A method for dynamically balancing yin and yang waning and waxing and high-joint and head changing of fruit trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: preparing high-grafting and head-changing branches of fruit trees, removing outer skins of the high-grafting and head-changing branches of the fruit trees, and preparing for head-changing operation;

step two: selecting a head to cut and trim, cutting the base parts of the first, second and third main branches of the fruit tree before the fruit tree sprouts in the current year, if the main branch is of a main-rod tree type, cutting the main branch together with the base part of a central leading guide rod, wherein the depth reaches 1/3 of the diameter of the tree body at the cut part, hidden bud germination is stimulated, if the branch base part has a proper new branch, additional treatment is not needed, when the fruit tree is cut in winter, the extended part of each main-rod branch is cut again, other bearing branches are trimmed, so that the shade is eliminated, the yang is grown, hidden buds are avoided by trimming, and the hidden buds are germinated by liquid medicine;

step three: grafting and intercepting, namely grafting the new lower parts of the base parts of the first, second and third main branches in the second year, sawing and intercepting the grafting parts by hand at positions more than 5 cm above the grafting parts, intercepting nutrients required by the grafting parts, and performing head-changing grafting on high-grafting head-changing branches of fruit trees;

step four: carrying out dynamic balancing treatment operation on yin and yang of the fruit trees;

step five: carrying out growth management after high grafting and head changing of fruit trees;

step six: and (5) trimming and managing the wound of the fruit tree.

2. The method for dynamically balancing yin and yang waning and waning of fruit trees and changing heads as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the dynamically balancing yin and yang waning and waning operation of the fruit trees specifically comprises the following steps:

the first step is as follows: controlling branches of the fruit trees in multiple directions, controlling the growth of the upper parts of the tree bodies of the fruit trees, promoting the lower parts of the tree bodies to bud and branch, and controlling and treating the twigs, wherein the control treatment can be carried out through medicine elements;

the second step is that: picking, retaining and maintaining, properly re-cutting the upper part after picking fruits, culturing the grafted fine variety in due time, and smearing and maintaining the base part of a new branch generated by grafting by using liquid medicine;

the third step: dynamic equilibrium culture is eliminated, old varieties are gradually eliminated, and new varieties gradually grow out to culture tree shapes, so that relative dynamic equilibrium between the upper part of the tree and the lower part of the tree is formed.

3. The method for dynamically balancing yin and yang waning and waxing and high head jointing and changing of fruit trees according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, growth management after head jointing and changing of fruit trees specifically comprises the following steps:

the first step is as follows: carefully managing in summer, cutting in summer strictly, controlling new branches of the original variety above the scion buds, and completely removing the original variety when the tree branches of the scion variety are formed and have fruit bearing capacity;

the second step is that: keeping the germinated branches in management in summer, strengthening the management of the branches, preventing the branches from being broken by wind, inhibiting the growth of the kept auxiliary culture branches, and weakening the growth of the auxiliary culture branches influencing the growth by adopting a branch pulling, cutting or branch thinning method;

the third step: and removing all reserved auxiliary culture branches in winter, and pruning and managing the germinated branches according to the bone branches after head replacement.

4. The method for dynamically balancing yin and yang and promoting growth and changing the head of a fruit tree according to claim 1, wherein in the sixth step, the fruit tree pruning management wound treatment specifically comprises the following steps:

the first step is as follows: managing and treating the wound in summer, and sealing the cut wound with a treatment medicament during summer trimming and management;

the second step is that: the method is used for management in winter, fallen leaves and branches are protected, and the cracking wound is wound and maintained by adopting a thin film, so that secondary frostbite and cracking are prevented.

5. The method for the fruit tree head changing with yin-yang waning-waxing and dynamic balance height as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step two, the liquid medicine adopts gibberellin with the concentration of 20 mg/L, and the liquid medicine is smeared on the external part of the cryptomorphic bud.

6. The method for dynamically balancing yin and yang and promoting growth and high grafting and changing heads of fruit trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the grafting method adopts abdominal tongue branch knife with wood bud grafting or abdominal bark grafting.

7. The method for dynamically balancing yin and yang growth and top grafting of fruit trees according to claim 2, wherein in step four, the liquid medicine in the second step is amino acid solution, and three drops to five drops are taken to smear the base of a new branch generated by grafting.

8. The method for dynamically balancing yin and yang and promoting growth and high grafting and changing heads of fruit trees as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the fourth step, the medicine in the first step adopts a plant growth regulator.

9. The method for the yin-yang waning-waxing dynamically balanced top-grafting and head-changing of fruit trees as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the sixth step, the treatment medicament in the first step is prepared by blending 60% of white latex and 40% of methyl-p-cresol or 40% of tebuconazole.

10. The method for dynamically balancing yin and yang growth and high-head grafting of fruit trees according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the yin and yang of the fruit trees are the aboveground part of the tree body as yang and the underground part as yin; the original species is yin, and the newly inoculated species is yang.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree grafting, and particularly relates to a method for dynamically balancing yin and yang waning and growing of fruit trees and changing heads of fruit trees.

Background

Fruit trees are a generic term for perennial plants and their rootstocks that provide edible fruits and seeds. The wood of many fruit trees is a good material for the defense industry, the building industry and the carving process.

The varieties of fruit trees are numerous, and the fruit trees are in the dormant period from the falling leaves of the fruit trees to the sprouting of the next year in winter. At this time, almost all the pests of the fruit trees begin to hide in the overwintering nest, do not eat and enter a hibernation state. Therefore, the disease and insect damage prevention method is the best period for preventing the disease and insect damage of the fruit trees all year round.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for dynamically balancing yin and yang waning and growing of a fruit tree to change a head, which aims to solve the problems of lagging fruit tree varieties, excessive dead roots of the fruit tree and slow growth caused by poor nutrition of a fruit tree body in the existing method for changing the head by connecting the head by a high way, and the method for dynamically balancing yin and yang waning and growing of the fruit tree to change the head by a high way specifically comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: preparing high-grafting and head-changing branches of fruit trees, removing outer skins of the high-grafting and head-changing branches of the fruit trees, and preparing for head-changing operation;

step two: selecting a head to cut and trim, cutting the base parts of the first, second and third main branches of the fruit tree before the fruit tree sprouts in the current year, if the main branch is of a main-rod tree type, cutting the main branch together with the base part of a central leading guide rod, wherein the depth reaches 1/3 of the diameter of the tree body at the cut part, if the branch base part has a proper branch, no additional treatment is needed, when the fruit tree is cut in winter, the extended part of each main-rod branch is cut again, other bearing branches are trimmed, so that the shade is eliminated, the yang is grown, the hidden buds are avoided after trimming, and the hidden buds are germinated by liquid medicine;

step three: grafting and intercepting, namely grafting the new lower parts of the base parts of the first, second and third main branches in the second year, sawing and intercepting the grafting parts by hand at positions more than 5 cm above the grafting parts, intercepting nutrients required by the grafting parts, and performing head-changing grafting on high-grafting head-changing branches of fruit trees;

step four: the dynamic balancing treatment operation for yin and yang waning and waxing of the fruit trees specifically comprises the following steps:

the first step is as follows: controlling branches of the fruit trees in multiple directions, controlling the growth of the upper parts of the tree bodies of the fruit trees, promoting the lower parts of the tree bodies to bud and branch, and controlling and treating the twigs, wherein the control treatment can be carried out through medicine elements;

the second step is that: picking, retaining and maintaining, properly re-cutting the upper part after picking fruits, culturing the grafted fine variety in due time, and smearing and maintaining the base part of a new branch generated by grafting by using liquid medicine;

the third step: dynamic equilibrium culture is eliminated, the old variety is gradually eliminated, and the new variety gradually grows out to culture the tree shape, so that the relative dynamic equilibrium of the upper part of the tree and the lower part of the tree is formed;

step five: the growth management after the high grafting and head changing of the fruit tree specifically comprises the following steps:

the first step is as follows: carefully managing in summer, cutting in summer strictly, controlling new branches of the original variety above the scion buds, and completely removing the original variety when the tree branches of the scion variety are formed and have fruit bearing capacity;

the second step is that: keeping the germinated branches in management in summer, strengthening the management of the branches, preventing the branches from being broken by wind, inhibiting the growth of the kept auxiliary culture branches, and weakening the growth of the auxiliary culture branches influencing the growth by adopting a branch pulling, cutting or branch thinning method;

the third step: removing all reserved auxiliary culture branches in winter, and pruning and managing the germinated branches according to the bone branches after head replacement;

step six: the fruit tree pruning management wound treatment method specifically comprises the following steps:

the first step is as follows: managing and treating the wound in summer, and sealing the cut wound with a treatment medicament during summer trimming and management;

the second step is that: the method is used for management in winter, fallen leaves and branches are protected, and the cracking wound is wound and maintained by adopting a thin film, so that secondary frostbite and cracking are prevented.

Preferably, in the second step, gibberellin with a concentration of 20 mg/L is adopted as the liquid medicine, and the liquid medicine is coated on the external part of the cryptomeria japonica.

Preferably, in the third step, the grafting method adopts the abdominal tongue grafting, the branch knife with wood bud grafting or the abdominal bark grafting.

Preferably, in the fourth step, the liquid medicine in the second step adopts an amino acid solution, and three drops to five drops are taken to smear the base of the new branch generated by grafting.

Preferably, in step four, the plant growth regulator is used as the drug in the first step.

Preferably, in the sixth step, the treatment agent in the first step is prepared by blending 60% of white latex and 40% of methyl ethyl acetate or 40% of tebuconazole.

Preferably, in the fourth step, the yin and yang of the fruit tree are the aboveground yang of the tree body and the underground yin of the tree body; the original species is yin, and the newly inoculated species is yang.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the method for dynamically balancing yin and yang growth and high-grafting and head-changing of the fruit trees is widely applied to the technical field of fruit tree grafting. The invention reaches 1/3 of the diameter of the tree body at the cut part deeply, and is assisted by hormone, thus being beneficial to sprouting and lopping of hidden buds, stimulating the bud and forming branches at the base of the branch, being beneficial to shaping the tree body after high grafting, properly recutting the extending head of each big bone trunk branch during winter pruning, trimming the rest bearing branches, gradually retracting the old variety, gradually releasing the grafted variety, avoiding the problems of imbalance of yin and yang balance on the tree and too much dead and injured capillary root caused by traditional high-grafting head-changing knife cutting, adopting abdominal tongue grafting, branch knife belt wood bud grafting or abdominal bark grafting, being beneficial to directionally distributing the nutrition of the tree body and easily surviving the high grafting, the grafted bud can be rapidly shaped, and can prevent the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, being beneficial to stabilizing and strengthening the vigor of the tree, not hurting the vigor, the whole operation process is in dynamic balance, gradually metastasizing, and leading the economy of the fruit tree to be not influenced by the original foundation, the quality change occurs, and the invention solves the problems of slow growth caused by backward variety, excessive dead roots of fruit trees and poor nutrition of fruit tree bodies of the existing high-grafting and head-changing methods.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for dynamically balancing yin and yang waning and waning of fruit trees and changing heads.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for dynamically balancing yin and yang waning and waxing of fruit trees.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for growth management after high-end grafting and head-changing of fruit trees.

Fig. 4 is a flow chart of a method for managing wound treatment in fruit tree pruning.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

in the figure:

as shown in figure 1

The method for dynamically balancing yin and yang waning and growing of fruit trees and high-connecting and head-changing specifically comprises the following steps:

s101: preparing high-grafting and head-changing branches of fruit trees, removing outer skins of the high-grafting and head-changing branches of the fruit trees, and preparing for head-changing operation;

s102: selecting a head to cut and trim, cutting the base parts of the first, second and third main branches of the fruit tree before the fruit tree sprouts in the current year, if the main branch is of a main-rod tree type, cutting the main branch together with the base part of a central leading guide rod, wherein the depth reaches 1/3 of the diameter of the tree body at the cut part, if the branch base part has a proper branch, no additional treatment is needed, when the fruit tree is cut in winter, the extended part of each main-rod branch is cut again, other bearing branches are trimmed, so that the shade is eliminated, the yang is grown, the hidden buds are avoided after trimming, and the hidden buds are germinated by liquid medicine;

s103: grafting and intercepting, namely grafting the new lower parts of the base parts of the first, second and third main branches in the second year, sawing and intercepting the grafting parts by hand at positions more than 5 cm above the grafting parts, intercepting nutrients required by the grafting parts, and performing head-changing grafting on high-grafting head-changing branches of fruit trees;

s104: the dynamic balancing treatment operation of yin and yang waning and waxing of the fruit trees, as shown in the attached figure 2, specifically comprises the following steps:

s401: controlling branches of the fruit trees in multiple directions, controlling the growth of the upper parts of the tree bodies of the fruit trees, promoting the lower parts of the tree bodies to bud and branch, and controlling and treating the twigs, wherein the control treatment can be carried out through medicine elements;

s402: picking, retaining and maintaining, properly re-cutting the upper part after picking fruits, culturing the grafted fine variety in due time, and smearing and maintaining the base part of a new branch generated by grafting by using liquid medicine;

s403: dynamic equilibrium culture is eliminated, the old variety is gradually eliminated, and the new variety gradually grows out to culture the tree shape, so that the relative dynamic equilibrium of the upper part of the tree and the lower part of the tree is formed;

s105: growth management after high grafting and head changing of fruit trees is shown in the attached figure 3 and specifically comprises the following steps:

s501: carefully managing in summer, cutting in summer strictly, controlling new branches of the original variety above the scion buds, and completely removing the original variety when the tree branches of the scion variety are formed and have fruit bearing capacity;

s502: keeping the germinated branches in management in summer, strengthening the management of the branches, preventing the branches from being broken by wind, inhibiting the growth of the kept auxiliary culture branches, and weakening the growth of the auxiliary culture branches influencing the growth by adopting a branch pulling, cutting or branch thinning method;

s503: removing all reserved auxiliary culture branches in winter, and pruning and managing the germinated branches according to the bone branches after head replacement;

s106: as shown in fig. 4, the fruit tree pruning management wound treatment specifically includes the following steps:

s601: managing and treating the wound in summer, and sealing the cut wound with a treatment medicament during summer trimming and management;

s602: the method is used for management in winter, fallen leaves and branches are protected, and the cracking wound is wound and maintained by adopting a thin film, so that secondary frostbite and cracking are prevented.

Preferably, in S102, gibberellin with a concentration of 20 mg/L is used as the liquid medicine, and the liquid medicine is applied to the outer part of the cryptophyte.

Preferably, in S103, the grafting method adopts a tongue-and-abdomen grafting, a branch blade with a wood bud grafting or an abdomen bark grafting.

Preferably, in S104, the liquid medicine in S402 is amino acid solution, and three to five drops of the amino acid solution are applied to the base of the new branch generated by grafting.

Preferably, in S104, the said pharmacin in S401 adopts plant growth regulator.

Preferably, in S106, the treatment agent in S601 is formed by blending 60% of white latex and 40% of methyl acetate or 40% of tebuconazole.

Preferably, in S104, the yin and yang of the fruit tree are yang on the ground and yin on the ground; the original species is yin, and the newly inoculated species is yang.