阅读说明：本技术 一种不易成花葡萄设施栽培专用树形及栽培方法 (Special tree form for protected cultivation of grape difficult to flower and cultivation method ) 是由 李敏敏 郭紫娟 袁军伟 韩斌 刘长江 尹勇刚 孙艳 贾楠 赵胜建 于 2020-05-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种不易成花葡萄设施栽培专用树形及栽培方法,由其包括“厂”字型主干,所述主干水平部位和地面的距离为0.18~0.22m,结果高度为0.8~1.2m,本发明通过对主干和枝条适时进行低位捆绑,控制修剪时机和方式,达到能够稳定结果部位,能够连年丰产、稳产的效果。(The invention relates to a special tree form and a cultivation method for facility cultivation of grapes which are not prone to flower formation, the tree form and the cultivation method comprise a plant-shaped trunk, the distance between the horizontal position of the trunk and the ground is 0.18-0.22 m, and the fruiting height is 0.8-1.2 m.)

1. The special tree form for facility cultivation of the grape not prone to flower formation is characterized by comprising a plant-shaped main trunk, wherein the distance between the horizontal position of the main trunk and the ground is 0.18-0.22 m, a plurality of branches grow out of the horizontal position of the main trunk, the position of each branch close to a base is horizontally arranged, the height from the ground is consistent with the horizontal position of the main trunk, and the height of each branch is 0.8-1.2 m.

2. The method for cultivating a tree according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:

1) grape trellis setting

The grape trellis is made of cement columns or steel pipes, the cement columns are arranged in the north-south direction, the distance between the cement columns is 6m, a first iron wire is erected at the position, 0.18-0.22 m away from the ground, of the cement columns or the steel pipes, and the 2 nd, 3 th and 4 th iron wires are erected at the positions, 1.0m, 1.5m and 2.0m respectively;

2) planting

The plant spacing is 0.8m, and the row spacing is 1.6 m;

3) first year tree management

Pinching when the length reaches 1m, and performing fixed drying when the trunk is trimmed in winter and the height of the trunk is 1.1-1.3 m;

4) second year tree management

a) Bending in a shape like Chinese character 'factory': before sprouting in spring of the next year, changing the growth of the trunk from vertical ground to parallel ground, bending the trunk at a position 18-22 cm away from the ground by 90 degrees, and binding the trunk on a first iron wire by using straws to eliminate the top advantages;

b) after sprouting, when young shoots grow to 50cm in length, hanging the young shoots on a first iron wire by using a nylon wire, carrying out normal flower and fruit management, and repeatedly pinching 1 leaf on a minor tip;

c) pruning in winter, removing immature parts on the minor tips and the annual branches, and leaving mature branches with the length of more than 10 buds;

5) third year tree management

a) After the temperature is raised, temporarily and horizontally fixing annual branches (fruiting mother branches) in the previous year on a first iron wire by using cloth strips;

b) in spring, after annual branches (fruiting mother branches) in the previous year germinate, preserving the new tips closest to the base with flowers, completely removing the rest of the germinated new tips at the lower parts, and pruning to remove the part of the annual branches above the new tips to be preserved;

c) in spring festival, pressing part of annual branches (fruiting mother branches) of the previous year down to a first iron wire position, and binding with thick cloth strips, wherein the fruiting part is controlled at the height of 0.8-1.2 m;

d) when pruning is carried out in winter, horizontally binding fruiting mother branches to a first iron wire position of a trunk, and pruning auxiliary tips and immature branches of annual branches in the same year;

6) tree management after the fourth year

And (4) tree management after the fourth year is performed in the same way as the third year.

3. The method for cultivating a tree according to claim 2, wherein the step 5) c) comprises bending and pressing an annual branch (fruiting mother branch) portion of the previous year from the position of bud 2 to 3.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of grape cultivation, and particularly relates to a special tree form for protected cultivation of a grape difficult to flower and a cultivation method.

Background

The grapes belong to berry type fruit trees, are difficult to preserve for a long time and have poor fruit flavor after long-term preservation. The facility cultivation method can adjust the time of the grapes to appear on the market, particularly can realize early cultivation of the grapes, enables the grapes to appear on the market in advance, and brings high economic benefit for cultivators. The hedgerow trellis tree form is a commonly used cultivation tree form in grape production, is popular with growers due to high cultivation density, multiple fruiting branches and high yield, and is a tree form which is suitable for strong flower bud differentiation capacity and can be trimmed for a short time.

However, the flower bud differentiation capability is poor, a variety which is slightly pruned in a long way is required, and the hedge frame tree form causes fruit parts to move outwards year by year, so that no fruit growth space is left after 3-4 years. For example, late-maturing grape varieties which are not liable to flower formation, such as red earth, are popular with consumers because of their large size, bright color, high sugar content, and good storage and transportation resistance, and are common cultivars in facility cultivation production. However, due to the high environmental temperature and poor illumination of the greenhouse, the grape branches on the red earth have the obvious defects of poor flower bud differentiation (1-7 buds at the base of the branches basically do not form flower buds) and unstable yield. In order to ensure the yield and the benefit of the grapes, long-cut pruning (7-10 buds are left on annual branches) is carried out in the winter pruning process most effectively. The most adverse effect caused by long-tip pruning is that the fruiting part gradually moves outwards, no fruit exists in the interior of the tree body, and the space is wasted. CN103477939A discloses a pruning method for grapes under protected cultivation, which forms a "single-trunk double-arm" cultivation tree form in the first year of planting, and implements low-position pruning step by step in the cultivation management process of 2-4 years to dwarfe the tree and stabilize fruiting parts, but it is not suitable for the variety with poor flower bud differentiation ability.

Therefore, a special tree form for long-tip pruning of a variety which is not easy to flower needs to be developed so as to stabilize the fruiting part of the tree body and ensure high and stable yield.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems that after the existing hedge frame tree forms are trimmed in winter, fruiting parts move outwards, the fruiting parts gradually rise, picking is inconvenient and yield is unstable, and provides a special tree form for grape facility cultivation, which is suitable for being difficult to flower, so as to stabilize the fruiting parts and achieve high and stable yield in successive years.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the tree form comprises a plant-shaped main trunk, wherein the distance between the horizontal position of the main trunk and the ground is 0.18-0.22 m, a plurality of branches grow from the horizontal position of the main trunk, the positions of the branches close to the base are horizontally arranged, the height between the branches and the ground is consistent with that of the horizontal position of the main trunk, and the resulting height is 0.8-1.2 m.

In another aspect, the invention provides a cultivation method of the special tree form, which includes the following steps:

1) grape trellis setting

The grape trellis is made of cement columns or steel pipes, the cement columns are arranged in the north-south direction, the distance between the cement columns is 6m, a first iron wire is erected at the position, 0.18-0.22 m away from the ground, of the cement columns or the steel pipes, and the 2 nd, 3 th and 4 th iron wires are erected at the positions, 1.0m, 1.5m and 2.0m respectively;

2) planting

The plant spacing is 0.8m, and the row spacing is 1.6 m;

3) first year tree management

Pinching when the length reaches 1m, and performing fixed drying when the trunk is trimmed in winter and the height of the trunk is 1.1-1.3 m;

4) second year tree management

a) Bending in a shape like Chinese character 'factory': before sprouting in spring of the next year, changing the growth of the trunk from vertical ground to parallel ground, bending the trunk at a position 18-22 cm away from the ground by 90 degrees, and binding the trunk on a first iron wire by using straws to eliminate the top advantages;

b) after sprouting, when young shoots grow to 50cm in length, hanging the young shoots on a first iron wire by using a nylon wire, carrying out normal flower and fruit management, and repeatedly pinching 1 leaf on a minor tip;

c) pruning in winter, removing immature parts on the minor tips and the annual branches, and leaving mature branches with the length of more than 10 buds;

5) third year tree management

a) After the temperature is raised, temporarily and horizontally fixing annual branches (fruiting mother branches) in the previous year on a first iron wire by using cloth strips;

b) in spring, after annual branches (fruiting mother branches) in the previous year germinate, preserving the new tips closest to the base with flowers, completely removing the rest of the germinated new tips at the lower parts, and pruning to remove the part of the annual branches above the new tips to be preserved;

c) in spring festival, pressing part of annual branch (fruiting mother branch) of previous year to the position of the first iron wire, and binding with thick cloth strips, wherein the fruiting part is controlled at 0.8-1.2 m height;

d) when pruning is carried out in winter, horizontally binding fruiting mother branches to a first iron wire position of a trunk, and pruning auxiliary tips and immature branches of annual branches in the same year;

6) tree management after the fourth year

And (4) tree management after the fourth year is performed in the same way as the third year.

As some preferred embodiments of the invention, said step 5) c) bends the part of the annual shoot (fruiting mother shoot) of the previous year from the position of the 2 nd to 3 rd buds, and presses.

Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in:

the special tree form for facility cultivation provided by the invention can be used for controlling the trimming time and mode by timely binding the trunk and the branches at a low position, so that the fruiting part can be stabilized, and the effects of high yield and stable yield can be achieved in successive years.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a second year 'factory' tree shape;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of third year pruning and annual shoot depression;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a tree form after winter pruning in a third year;

in the drawings: 1. a trunk; 2. annual branches in the second year; 3. annual branches grow in the third year.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail and fully with reference to the following embodiments.

A cultivation method of a special tree form for protected cultivation of grapes not prone to flower formation comprises the following steps:

1) setting of grape trellis: the grape trellis uses cement post or steel pipe (this embodiment uses the cement post), and north-south direction (following the direction) sets up, and the cement post interval is 6m, buries deeply 0.6 meters, and the overground part stays highly 2.0 meters. A first iron wire is erected at a position 0.2m away from the ground of the cement column, and 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th iron wires are erected at positions 1.0m, 1.5m and 2.0m respectively.

2) Planting: digging a planting ditch 80cm in depth and 80cm in width, and filling straw at the bottom. And after stirring the excavated soil and the organic fertilizer, backfilling the soil 10-15cm higher than the ground, and after watering, naturally sinking the soil to be level to the ground. Planting with a plant spacing of 0.8m and a row spacing of 1.6 m.

3) Tree management in the first year: and performing conventional management in the first year of field planting, and pinching when the plant grows to 1m so as to promote the thickening growth and flower bud differentiation of the trunk of the base. Trimming in winter in the same year: when the field planting is built in winter in the first year, the trunk is kept at 1.2 meters for fixed drying.

4) Tree management in year 2:

a) bending in a shape like Chinese character 'factory': before sprouting in spring of the second year, the trunk 1 is changed from vertical ground growth to parallel ground growth, the trunk is bent by 90 degrees at a distance of 20cm from the ground, and straws are bound on a first iron wire, so that the top end advantage is eliminated, and the uniform sprouting of the sprouts is facilitated, as shown in figure 1.

b) After sprouting, when young shoots grow to 50cm in length, the young shoots are hung on the first iron wire by using a nylon wire. Under normal conditions, partial fruits can be hung, normal flower and fruit management is carried out, and 1 leaf is left for minor cutting to repeatedly remove the core.

C) Pruning in winter: pruning annual young shoots, and only removing the minor tips and immature parts on the 1-year-old branches, so that the mature branches with the length of more than 10 buds can be ensured under normal conditions, the flowering buds on the branches are ensured, and the yield of the next 1 year is ensured.

5) Tree management in year 3:

a) after the temperature is raised, the annual branches in the previous year, namely the annual branches 2 in the 2 nd year in the figure 2, are temporarily and horizontally fixed at the position of the trunk, namely the position of the first iron wire which is 20m away from the ground by cloth strips, and the horizontal arrangement is favorable for removing apical dominance and enabling flower buds to germinate uniformly.

b) Spring: observing whether new tips have flowers after 2 branches of the annual branches of the second year germinate in the previous year, namely the second year, reserving the new tips with flowers closest to the base, wiping off all the germinated new tips at the lower parts, and trimming off the 2 parts of the annual branches of the second year above the new tips to be reserved, wherein if flowers exist at the 7 th node, all the green tips from the 1-6 nodes are wiped off, and the annual branches at the 8 th node and above are trimmed off, so that the situation that the flowering buds on the branches can reach the position where the fruiting can be stabilized is ensured, as shown in figure 2.

C) In spring, pressing down the annual branches 2 of the previous year, namely the second year: because the fruiting part is higher (usually, flower buds are on the 7 th to 10 th nodes), the second annual branch 2 is pressed down to the horizontal position of the trunk (usually, the position of the 2 nd to 3 rd buds is bent), and is bound by thick cloth strips, and the fruiting part is controlled at the height of 0.8 to 1.2 meters, as shown in figure 2.

d) Pruning in winter: and horizontally binding the annual branches 2 of the second year, namely fruiting mother branches, to the first iron wire position of the trunk. Third year annual shoots 3 were trimmed to remove minor tips and immature parts as shown in figure 3.

6) Tree management after the fourth year

And tree management is carried out in the same way as in the 3 rd year after the fourth year.

The tree shape provided by the embodiment can enable the result height to be stable between 0.8-1.2 m. The yield per mu in the third year is 1757.4 kilograms, and the ratio of superior fruits is 95.5 percent.

Comparative example 1

The setting, the positioning mode, the tree form management in the first year and the tree form management in the second year of the grape trellis are the same as those of the embodiment 1, except that in the tree form management in the third year, pruning is not carried out in spring, branches are only pressed down, and pruning is carried out in winter, wherein the pruning mode is long-tip building (7-8 buds are left).

The tree-shaped result height of the comparative example is 0.95m, the yield per mu in the third year is 1023.7 kg, and the high-quality fruit rate is 80.4%.

Comparative example 2

The procedure of setting the grape trellis, tree management in the first year, tree management in the second year, and tree management in the third year is the same as that of example 1 except that step c is not performed with a press-down.

The tree-shaped result height of the comparative example is 1.6m, the yield per mu in the third year is 1385.5 kg, and the high-quality fruit rate is 70.2%.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.