阅读说明：本技术 一种利用菊芋引诱蚜虫捕食性天敌昆虫的方法 (Method for attracting aphid predatory natural enemy insects by using jerusalem artichoke ) 是由 赵文忠 孙文鹏 胡志凤 戚国强 于 2020-04-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种利用菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus)引诱蚜虫捕食性天敌昆虫的方法,属于作物虫害防治技术领域。本发明利用生态学原理通过向菊芋喷施灭草松等植物光合作用抑制剂类的除草剂或氟磺胺草醚等二苯醚类植物原卟啉原氧化酶抑制剂类的除草剂或者它们的合剂,迫使菊芋产生并释放类似正被害虫危害的“求救”信号,召集天敌昆虫(瓢虫类、草蛉类及食蚜蝇类,尤其是异色瓢虫类)聚集,从而控制某些害虫尤其是蚜虫类危害。且菊芋为多年生植物,不需要特殊的管理,喷施除草剂后只会暂时的延缓生长,不会死掉,故可以多次进行喷药处理,召集天敌生物,为植物病虫害的综合治理,尤其有机农业中病虫害的防治提供了新的方法。(The invention discloses a method for attracting insects which are predators of aphids by using jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), belonging to the technical field of crop pest control. The invention utilizes the ecological principle to spray herbicide of plant photosynthesis inhibitors such as bentazone or the like or herbicide of diphenyl ether plant protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors such as fomesafen or mixture thereof to the jerusalem artichoke to force the jerusalem artichoke to generate and release a distress signal similar to the damage of pests, and gather natural enemy insects (ladybug, chrysopa perla and aphis-eating flies, especially the harmonia axyridis), thereby controlling the damage of certain pests, especially the aphids. And the jerusalem artichoke is a perennial plant, does not need special management, only temporarily delays growth after herbicide spraying, and cannot die, so that spraying treatment can be carried out for multiple times, natural enemy organisms are gathered, and a new method is provided for comprehensive treatment of plant diseases and insect pests, especially prevention and control of the diseases and insect pests in organic agriculture.)

1. A method for attracting aphid predatory natural enemy insects by jerusalem artichoke is characterized in that the jerusalem artichoke is sprayed with one or more than two of photosynthesis inhibitor herbicides and protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor herbicides according to any proportion to force the jerusalem artichoke to catch the aphid predatory natural enemy insects.

2. The method for attracting aphid predatory natural enemy insects by jerusalem artichoke according to claim 1, wherein the herbicide is used at a concentration of 0.5-1.5 times of the conventional recommended dose.

3. The method for attracting aphid predatory natural enemies insects by jerusalem artichoke according to claim 1, wherein the protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor herbicide comprises diphenyl ethers and cyclic imines.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the photosynthesis inhibitor herbicide is bentazone, the diphenyl ether protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor herbicide is fomesafen, and the cyclic imine protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor herbicide is oxadiazon.

5. The method for attracting aphid predatory natural enemy insects by jerusalem artichoke according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following specific operation processes:

step one, planting jerusalem artichoke on the periphery or one side of a farmland in the last year of crop planting in the farmland, wherein the ratio of the planting area of the jerusalem artichoke to the area of the farmland is 1: (20-500);

and step two, defining the crop growth cycle, and spraying herbicide to the jerusalem artichoke at the initial aphid generation stage in the crop field.

6. The method for attracting aphid predatory natural enemies insects by jerusalem artichoke according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the method further comprises the following steps: after the herbicide is sprayed, the pest damage index of crops is investigated regularly, and the herbicide is sprayed for multiple times according to the pest damage index of the crops.

7. The method for attracting aphid predatory natural enemy insects by using jerusalem artichoke according to claim 6, wherein the crop pest damage index is investigated every 7 days after the herbicide is sprayed, and the herbicide is sprayed again when the crop pest damage index is more than 15.

8. The method for attracting aphid predatory natural enemy insects by using jerusalem artichoke according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the crop insect pest index calculation formula is as follows: and (4) investigating aphid quantity/investigating plant number.

9. The method for attracting aphid predatory natural enemies insects by using jerusalem artichoke according to claim 1, wherein the aphid predatory natural enemies insects are harmonia axyridis and propylaea japonica.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for attracting insects which are predatory natural enemies of aphids by using jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), belonging to the technical field of crop pest control.

Background

Aphids, commonly known as greasy insects or mealworms, are one of the most destructive phytophagous pests, and are harmful by sucking juice from tender parts of plants, plant viruses are often transmitted by aphids in the feeding process, the aphids are known as world-transmitted virus insects, and the aphids are seriously harmful to agriculture, forestry and gardening. How to effectively control aphids has been an important subject of much research by many scientific researchers for many years.

The aphid control in the existing production mainly comprises methods of chemical pesticide control, genetic engineering control, biological control and the like, the chemical pesticide control is mainly used at the present stage, common medicaments are divided into contact insecticides and systemic insecticides, and the chemical pesticide control has the characteristics of convenient use and quick response, but continuous and large-scale use can pollute ecological environment and agricultural products, and simultaneously pests can generate drug resistance. The genetic engineering prevention and control solves the problem of aphid damage by cultivating insect-resistant crops through a transgenic technology, but the existing transgenic technology is unstable, whether transgenic crops have damage to ecological environment and human is unknown, whether the transgenic crops have gene pollution and the like, and the problems need to be further solved. The biological control is to utilize the main natural enemies of the aphids, such as ladybug, aphid-eating fly, lacewing, parasitic wasp and the like, to eliminate the aphids in a predation and parasitic mode, and the utilization of the natural enemies to control the aphids has the advantages of environmental protection, no generation of drug resistance of the aphids, long control effect time and the defects of scattered distribution of the natural enemy insects and great difficulty in artificial feeding. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a method of attracting predatory natural enemy insects that recruit aphids.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for attracting aphid predatory natural enemy insects by jerusalem artichoke, aiming at solving the problems of scattered distribution of the natural enemy insects, high difficulty in artificial feeding and the like in the existing field pest control through the natural enemy insects.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a method for attracting aphid predatory natural enemy insects by Helianthus tuberosus (Helianthus tuberosus) comprises spraying one or more of photosynthesis inhibitor herbicide and protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor herbicide onto Helianthus tuberosus, and mixing at any ratio to force Helianthus tuberosus to catch aphid predatory natural enemy insects.

Further limiting, the concentration of herbicide used is 0.5 to 1.5 times the conventionally recommended dose.

Further limiting, protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor herbicides include diphenyl ethers and cyclic imines.

Further, the photosynthesis inhibitor herbicide is bentazone, the diphenyl ether type protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor herbicide is fomesafen, and the cyclic imine type protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor herbicide is oxadiazon.

Further limiting, the specific operation process of the method is as follows: step one, planting jerusalem artichoke around or on a certain side of a farmland while planting crops in the farmland, wherein the ratio of the planting area of the jerusalem artichoke to the planting area of the crops is 1: (20-500); and step two, defining the crop growth cycle, and spraying herbicide to the jerusalem artichoke at the initial aphid generation stage in the crop field.

Further limited, the method further comprises the third step of: after the herbicide is sprayed, the pest damage index of crops is investigated regularly, and the herbicide is sprayed for multiple times according to the pest damage index of the crops.

More particularly, the herbicide is sprayed every 7 days, and the crop pest index is investigated, and the herbicide is sprayed again when the crop pest index is larger than 15.

Further limiting, the crop pest damage index calculation formula is as follows: and (4) investigating aphid quantity/investigating plant number.

Further limiting, the predatory natural enemy insects of aphids are harmonia axyridis and propylaea japonica.

The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention utilizes the ecological principle to spray the herbicide of the photosystem II inhibitor class of plant photosynthesis such as bentazone or the herbicide of the diphenyl ether plant protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor class such as fomesafen or the mixture thereof to the jerusalem artichoke to force the jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) to generate and release the 'distress' signal similar to the damage of the pests, gather the natural enemy insects (ladybirds, phlebophors and aphid-eating flies, especially the ladybirds) and control certain pests, especially the damage of the aphids. The invention utilizes the relationship of 'plant-pest-natural enemy' to adjust the biological relationship in the farmland ecosystem, so that natural insect natural enemy can gather near crops which are possibly seriously damaged by pests in a certain period, and the pests can be controlled at the initial stage, thereby effectively inhibiting the outbreak of certain pests, particularly aphids. The method is different from the traditional biological control method for releasing natural enemies through artificial propagation, but the method is used for summoning the natural enemy insects to gather together in a certain period of time by stimulating plants to generate 'help seeking' pheromone, and the method is proved to achieve the expected effect through years of production practice.

In addition, the invention also has the following advantages:

(1) the jerusalem artichoke is a perennial plant, does not need special management, only temporarily delays growth after herbicide spraying, and cannot die. So that the pesticide spraying treatment can be carried out for a plurality of times, and the natural enemy organisms are gathered.

(2) Compared with the growth of crops in the initial growth stage, the jerusalem artichoke has the characteristics of faster growth and higher plants, and is easier to attract natural enemy insects.

(3) The jerusalem artichoke sprayed with the herbicide has yellow color, which is more favorable for attracting natural enemy insects.

(4) The method for calling up the natural enemy insects by generating the 'help seeking' pheromone through the stress plants verifies the complex relationship between the 'plants, pests and natural enemies', scientifically applies the function that the jerusalem artichoke can generate the pheromone under the action of herbicide resistance, and provides a new method for the comprehensive treatment of plant diseases and insect pests, particularly the prevention and control of the diseases and insect pests in organic agriculture.

Detailed Description

The experimental procedures used in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The materials, reagents, methods and apparatus used, unless otherwise specified, are conventional in the art and are commercially available to those skilled in the art.