阅读说明：本技术 一种三层共挤高弹防老化塑木复合材料板材及其制备方法 (Three-layer co-extrusion high-elastic anti-aging plastic-wood composite material plate and preparation method thereof ) 是由 周华强 周乐 丁奇巧 于 2020-03-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种三层共挤高弹防老化塑木复合材料板材由弹性防老化塑木上表层、中间塑木结构层及弹性抗菌塑木底层构成,中间塑木结构层位于弹性防老化塑木上表层和弹性抗菌塑木底层之间；弹性防老化塑木上表层、中间塑木结构层及弹性抗菌塑木底层分别形成不同的熔融料流,在一个复合机头内汇合经三层叠加、共挤并经过一矩形口模得到矩形平板材。本发明设计合理,结构简单,重量轻,运输、安装方便,弹性好,触感佳,耐老化,不易变形,防虫蛀,生产快捷高效,不浪费森林资源,环保可再生。可用以制作具有一定弹性的地板、行道板、护墙板等,属于复合材料技术领域。(A three-layer co-extrusion high-elasticity anti-aging plastic-wood composite material plate is composed of an elastic anti-aging plastic-wood upper surface layer, a middle plastic-wood structure layer and an elastic antibacterial plastic-wood bottom layer, wherein the middle plastic-wood structure layer is positioned between the elastic anti-aging plastic-wood upper surface layer and the elastic antibacterial plastic-wood bottom layer; the elastic anti-aging plastic-wood upper surface layer, the middle plastic-wood structural layer and the elastic antibacterial plastic-wood bottom layer respectively form different molten material flows, and the molten material flows are converged in a composite machine head, are subjected to three-layer superposition and co-extrusion, and pass through a rectangular neck mold to obtain a rectangular flat plate. The invention has the advantages of reasonable design, simple structure, light weight, convenient transportation and installation, good elasticity, good touch feeling, aging resistance, difficult deformation, moth prevention, fast and efficient production, no forest resource waste, environmental protection and reproducibility. Can be used for manufacturing floor boards, road boards, wall panels and the like with certain elasticity, and belongs to the technical field of composite materials.)

1. A three-layer co-extrusion high-elasticity anti-aging plastic-wood composite material plate is characterized by consisting of an elastic anti-aging plastic-wood upper surface layer, a middle plastic-wood structure layer and an elastic antibacterial plastic-wood bottom layer, wherein the middle plastic-wood structure layer is positioned between the elastic anti-aging plastic-wood upper surface layer and the elastic antibacterial plastic-wood bottom layer; the elastic anti-aging plastic-wood upper surface layer, the middle plastic-wood structural layer and the elastic antibacterial plastic-wood bottom layer respectively form different molten material flows, and the molten material flows are converged in a composite machine head, are subjected to three-layer superposition and co-extrusion, and pass through a rectangular neck mold to obtain a rectangular flat plate.

2. The three-layer co-extruded high-elasticity anti-aging plastic wood composite board as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper surface layer of the elastic anti-aging plastic wood is formed by extruding ASA resin, maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate random terpolymer, polyurethane elastomer, modified nano titanium dioxide, activated nano white carbon black, ultraviolet absorbent, antioxidant and polyethylene wax.

3. The elastic anti-aging plastic wood upper surface layer as claimed in claim 1 and claim 2, wherein the grafting rate of the maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate random terpolymer is 1.3-1.7%, the particle size of the modified nano titanium dioxide is 10-30 nm, the particle size of the activated nano white carbon black is 40-100 nm, the elongation of the polyurethane elastomer is 380-520%, the ultraviolet absorbent is one of UV-531 or UVP-327, and the antioxidant is one of β - (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) n-octadecyl propionate or tetrakis [ β - (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate ] pentaerythritol ester.

4. The three-layer co-extruded high-elasticity anti-aging plastic-wood composite material plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the middle plastic-wood structure layer is formed by extruding high-density polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene, wood flour, activated calcium carbonate powder, acrylic resin and calcium stearate.

5. The intermediate plastic-wood structure layer as claimed in claim 1 or claim 4, wherein the grain size of the wood flour is 40-160 meshes; the particle size of the activated calcium carbonate powder is 60-100 meshes.

6. The three-layer co-extruded high-elasticity anti-aging plastic wood composite material plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elastic antibacterial plastic wood bottom layer is formed by extruding high-density polyethylene, antibacterial wood powder, activated calcium carbonate powder, natural rubber powder, calcium stearate, dioctyl phthalate and polyethylene wax.

7. The elastic antibacterial plastic-wood bottom layer as claimed in claim 1 and claim 6, wherein the antibacterial wood flour has a particle size of 200-400 meshes; the particle size of the activated calcium carbonate powder is 120-200 meshes; the particle size of the natural rubber powder is 60-100 meshes.

8. The preparation method of the three-layer co-extruded high-elasticity anti-aging plastic-wood composite material plate as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following preparation processes:

(1) respectively weighing toluene and nano titanium dioxide according to the weight ratio of 100: 2-3, preheating the nano titanium dioxide at 100-120 ℃ for 2-3 hours, then adding the nano titanium dioxide into the toluene while the nano titanium dioxide is hot, and quickly stirring to uniformly disperse the nano titanium dioxide and the nano titanium dioxide to obtain a nano titanium dioxide-toluene solution; weighing toluene, diphenylmethane diisocyanate and dibutyltin dilaurate according to the weight ratio of 100: 200-300: 2-4, and uniformly mixing to obtain a diphenylmethane diisocyanate-toluene solution; respectively measuring a nano titanium dioxide-toluene solution and a diphenylmethane diisocyanate-toluene solution according to the volume ratio of 100: 20-30, adjusting the temperature of the nano titanium dioxide-toluene solution to 80-90 ℃, dropwise adding the diphenylmethane diisocyanate-toluene solution into the nano titanium dioxide-toluene solution at the dropwise adding speed of 2-4 drops/second while stirring, and continuously reacting for 4-6 hours after dropwise adding is completed; filtering, and washing for 2-4 times by using a toluene solution; then drying, grinding and screening the filter cake to obtain modified nano titanium dioxide;

(2) respectively weighing petroleum ether, white carbon black, aminopropyl triethoxysilane and n-octyl trimethoxysilane according to the weight ratio of 100: 10-20: 0.2-0.6: 0.2-0.4, uniformly mixing the petroleum ether, the white carbon black and the aminopropyl triethoxysilane, stirring for 30-60 minutes at the temperature of 60-70 ℃, adding the n-octyl trimethoxysilane, continuously stirring for 30-40 minutes, filtering, drying, grinding and screening to obtain activated nano white carbon black;

(3) respectively weighing water, ethanol, gamma- (methacryloyloxy) propyl trimethoxy silane and oleic acid according to the volume ratio of 100: 40-60: 0.8-1.6: 0.6-1.2, adding the gamma- (methacryloyloxy) propyl trimethoxy silane into the water, uniformly dispersing to obtain a silane-water solution, adding the oleic acid into the ethanol, and uniformly dispersing to obtain an oleic acid-ethanol solution; respectively weighing calcium carbonate powder, a silane-water solution and an oleic acid-ethanol solution according to the weight ratio of 100: 100-160: 30-50, adding the calcium carbonate powder into the silane-water solution, uniformly mixing, drying, grinding, screening to obtain modified calcium carbonate powder with the particle size of 20-40 meshes, uniformly spraying the oleic acid-ethanol solution on the surface of the modified calcium carbonate powder by adopting a spraying method, drying, grinding and screening to obtain activated calcium carbonate powder;

(4) respectively weighing rosin, isopropanol, sodium hydroxide and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide according to the weight ratio of 100: 200-300: 20-40: 10-20, adding the rosin into the isopropanol, heating to 70-80 ℃, stirring for dissolving, then cooling to 55-65 ℃, adding the sodium hydroxide, stirring for dissolving the sodium hydroxide, keeping the temperature for 30-40 minutes, adding the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, stirring for dissolving, keeping the temperature for 20-30 minutes, and then drying to obtain a rosin antibacterial agent;

(5) respectively weighing water, a rosin antibacterial agent and 1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one according to the weight ratio of 100: 5-15: 1-3, mixing, heating to 80-90 ℃, stirring and dissolving to prepare a composite antibacterial agent solution; weighing wood powder and the composite antibacterial agent solution according to the weight ratio of 100: 10-20, uniformly spraying the composite antibacterial agent on the surface of the wood powder by adopting a spraying method, drying and screening to obtain antibacterial wood powder;

(6) uniformly mixing ASA resin, maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate random terpolymer, polyurethane elastomer, modified nano titanium dioxide, activated nano white carbon black, ultraviolet absorbent, antioxidant and polyethylene wax in parts by weight, and then extruding and molding the upper surface layer of the elastic anti-aging plastic wood by using an extruder, wherein the rotating speed of a screw is 10-14 r/min, and the extrusion temperature is 190-240 ℃:

(7) uniformly mixing high-density polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene, wood powder, activated calcium carbonate powder, acrylic resin and calcium stearate in parts by weight, and then extruding and molding an intermediate plastic-wood structure layer by adopting a second extruder, wherein the rotating speed of a screw is 15-19 r/min, and the extrusion temperature is 160-180 ℃:

(8) uniformly mixing high-density polyethylene, antibacterial wood powder, activated calcium carbonate powder, natural rubber powder, calcium stearate, dioctyl phthalate and polyethylene wax in parts by weight, and then extruding and molding the elastic antibacterial plastic wood bottom layer by adopting a third extruder, wherein the rotating speed of a screw is 10-14 r/min, and the extrusion temperature is 158-178 ℃:

(9) and (3) overlapping and co-extruding the upper surface layer of the elastic anti-aging plastic wood, the middle plastic wood structure layer and the bottom layer of the elastic antibacterial plastic wood while the materials are hot through a rectangular neck mold, wherein the neck mold temperature is 190-220 ℃, and forming to obtain the three-layer co-extruded high-elasticity anti-aging plastic wood composite material plate.

Technical Field

The invention discloses a three-layer co-extrusion high-elasticity anti-aging plastic-wood composite plate and a preparation method thereof, relates to a composite material, an environment-friendly material plate and a preparation method thereof, and particularly relates to a three-layer co-extrusion high-elasticity anti-aging plastic-wood composite plate and a preparation method thereof.

Background

In daily life, outdoor floors, sidewalks or wall panels are very common objects, and traditionally, these floors, sidewalks or wall panels are generally marble, terrazzo, concrete cast or wooden panels, etc., wherein the marble, terrazzo or concrete cast panels have high hardness and poor elasticity, and are very easy to be injured once people fall or collide on the panels, especially when children play with a game, the people are more easy to fall or bruise. Although the wooden floor has certain resilience, the cost is high, the wooden floor is easy to age when laid in the open air, and the service life is short.

In recent years, with the enhancement of the environmental protection consciousness of people, the plastic-wood composite material which is environment-friendly, degradable and recyclable is more and more emphasized by people, and the application field relates to various aspects such as decorative base materials in vehicles such as automobiles and ships, building decoration, decorative materials, packaging materials, furniture and the like. The structural material has the defects of homogeneous material, stable size compared with wood, difficult generation of cracks, no wood knots, no diagonal grains and the like; the product can be pressed into rabbet shapes, three-dimensional patterns and other required heads without complex secondary processing; various colorful products can be made by adding coloring agent, painting, film coating or composite surface layer and other processes; the coating is not damaged by insects and ants, is aging-resistant, acid-base resistant, corrosion-resistant, free of moisture absorption and deformation and low in maintenance cost; the weight is light, and the production energy consumption is low; the processing is convenient, and sawing, planing and bonding or connecting and fixing by nails and bolts can be carried out; toxic chemical substances are not needed for treatment, and formaldehyde is not contained; the appearance of wood is provided, and the hardness is higher than that of plastic products; can be repeatedly used and recycled after being discarded, and is beneficial to environmental protection and the like.

However, the conventional wood-plastic material also has some obvious disadvantages, such as poor elasticity. If the floor, the walkway plate or the wall panel used in public leisure and entertainment occasions are made of the traditional plastic wood, although the marble, the terrazzo and the concrete pouring plate with higher safety and comfort are improved to a certain extent, the effect is still not ideal. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a plastic-wood composite material with better elasticity. For example, CN201210252867.7 discloses an elastomer modified plastic-wood composite board and a preparation method thereof, and CN201810971077.1 discloses a high resilience plastic-wood board and a preparation method thereof. Although these documents disclose plastic-wood panels with good elasticity and a method for making the same, the panels are all integrally formed at one time, which does not well reflect the fact that the upper surface layer, the middle layer and the lower surface layer of the plastic-wood panels are in different environments during use, and the adoption of a completely uniform structure will cause material waste and poor performance pertinence.

Therefore, the invention discloses a three-layer co-extrusion high-elasticity anti-aging plastic-wood composite material plate, which replaces the traditional plate and is necessary to overcome the defects.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims at the above purpose to provide a three-layer co-extrusion high-elasticity anti-aging plastic-wood composite plate and a preparation method thereof, and the plate has the characteristics of high resilience and more optimized performance besides the characteristics of repeated processing and use, easy forming and processing and the like of a common plastic-wood composite plate.

A three-layer co-extrusion high-elasticity anti-aging plastic-wood composite material plate is composed of an elastic anti-aging plastic-wood upper surface layer, a middle plastic-wood structure layer and an elastic antibacterial plastic-wood bottom layer, wherein the middle plastic-wood structure layer is positioned between the elastic anti-aging plastic-wood upper surface layer and the elastic antibacterial plastic-wood bottom layer; the elastic anti-aging plastic-wood upper surface layer, the middle plastic-wood structural layer and the elastic antibacterial plastic-wood bottom layer respectively form different molten material flows, and the molten material flows are converged in a composite machine head, are subjected to three-layer superposition and co-extrusion, and pass through a rectangular neck mold to obtain a rectangular flat plate.

The elastic anti-aging plastic wood upper surface layer is formed by extruding ASA resin, maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate random terpolymer, polyurethane elastomer, modified nano titanium dioxide, activated nano white carbon black, ultraviolet absorbent, antioxidant and polyethylene wax, wherein the grafting ratio of the maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate random terpolymer is 1.3-1.7%, the particle size of the modified nano titanium dioxide is 10-30 nm, the particle size of the activated nano white carbon black is 40-100 nm, the elongation of the polyurethane elastomer is 380-520%, the ultraviolet absorbent is one of UV-531 or UVP-327, and the antioxidant is one of β - (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) n-octadecyl propionate or tetra [ β - (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ] pentaerythritol ester.

The middle plastic-wood structure layer is formed by extruding high-density polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene, wood powder, activated calcium carbonate powder, acrylic resin and calcium stearate; the particle size of the wood powder is 40-160 meshes; the particle size of the activated calcium carbonate powder is 60-100 meshes.

The elastic antibacterial plastic wood bottom layer is formed by extruding high-density polyethylene, antibacterial wood powder, activated calcium carbonate powder, natural rubber powder, calcium stearate, dioctyl phthalate and polyethylene wax; the grain size of the antibacterial wood powder is 200-400 meshes; the particle size of the activated calcium carbonate powder is 120-200 meshes; the particle size of the natural rubber powder is 60-100 meshes.

A three-layer co-extrusion molding multicolor plastic-wood composite material plate and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps:

(1) respectively weighing toluene and nano titanium dioxide according to the weight ratio of 100: 2-3, preheating the nano titanium dioxide at 100-120 ℃ for 2-3 hours, then adding the nano titanium dioxide into the toluene while the nano titanium dioxide is hot, and quickly stirring to uniformly disperse the nano titanium dioxide and the nano titanium dioxide to obtain a nano titanium dioxide-toluene solution; weighing toluene, diphenylmethane diisocyanate and dibutyltin dilaurate according to the weight ratio of 100: 200-300: 2-4, and uniformly mixing to obtain a diphenylmethane diisocyanate-toluene solution; respectively measuring a nano titanium dioxide-toluene solution and a diphenylmethane diisocyanate-toluene solution according to the volume ratio of 100: 20-30, adjusting the temperature of the nano titanium dioxide-toluene solution to 80-90 ℃, dropwise adding the diphenylmethane diisocyanate-toluene solution into the nano titanium dioxide-toluene solution at the dropwise adding speed of 2-4 drops/second while stirring, and continuously reacting for 4-6 hours after dropwise adding is completed; filtering, and washing for 2-4 times by using a toluene solution; then drying, grinding and screening the filter cake to obtain modified nano titanium dioxide;

(2) respectively weighing petroleum ether, white carbon black, aminopropyl triethoxysilane and n-octyl trimethoxysilane according to the weight ratio of 100: 10-20: 0.2-0.6: 0.2-0.4, uniformly mixing the petroleum ether, the white carbon black and the aminopropyl triethoxysilane, stirring for 30-60 minutes at the temperature of 60-70 ℃, adding the n-octyl trimethoxysilane, continuously stirring for 30-40 minutes, filtering, drying, grinding and screening to obtain activated nano white carbon black;

(3) respectively weighing water, ethanol, gamma- (methacryloyloxy) propyl trimethoxy silane and oleic acid according to the volume ratio of 100: 40-60: 0.8-1.6: 0.6-1.2, adding the gamma- (methacryloyloxy) propyl trimethoxy silane into the water, uniformly dispersing to obtain a silane-water solution, adding the oleic acid into the ethanol, and uniformly dispersing to obtain an oleic acid-ethanol solution; respectively weighing calcium carbonate powder, a silane-water solution and an oleic acid-ethanol solution according to the weight ratio of 100: 100-160: 30-50, adding the calcium carbonate powder into the silane-water solution, uniformly mixing, drying, grinding, screening to obtain modified calcium carbonate powder with the particle size of 20-40 meshes, uniformly spraying the oleic acid-ethanol solution on the surface of the modified calcium carbonate powder by adopting a spraying method, drying, grinding and screening to obtain activated calcium carbonate powder;

(4) the rosin, isopropanol, sodium hydroxide and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide are respectively weighed according to the weight ratio of 100: 200-300: 20-40: 10-20, the rosin is added into the isopropanol, the temperature is raised to 70-80 ℃, the mixture is stirred and dissolved, then the temperature is cooled to 55-65 ℃, the sodium hydroxide is added, the mixture is stirred to dissolve the sodium hydroxide, the temperature is kept for 30-40 minutes, the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is added, the mixture is stirred and dissolved, the temperature is kept for 20-30 minutes, and then the mixture is dried to obtain the rosin antibacterial agent.

(5) Respectively weighing water, a rosin antibacterial agent and 1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one according to the weight ratio of 100: 5-15: 1-3, mixing, heating to 80-90 ℃, stirring and dissolving to prepare a composite antibacterial agent solution; weighing wood powder and the composite antibacterial agent solution according to the weight ratio of 100: 10-20, uniformly spraying the composite antibacterial agent on the surface of the wood powder by adopting a spraying method, drying and screening to obtain antibacterial wood powder;

(6) uniformly mixing ASA resin, maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate random terpolymer, polyurethane elastomer, modified nano titanium dioxide, activated nano white carbon black, ultraviolet absorbent, antioxidant and polyethylene wax in parts by weight, and then extruding and molding the upper surface layer of the elastic anti-aging plastic wood by using an extruder, wherein the rotating speed of a screw is 10-14 r/min, and the extrusion temperature is 190-240 ℃:

(7) uniformly mixing high-density polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene, wood powder, activated calcium carbonate powder, acrylic resin and calcium stearate in parts by weight, and then extruding and molding an intermediate plastic-wood structure layer by adopting a second extruder, wherein the rotating speed of a screw is 15-19 r/min, and the extrusion temperature is 160-180 ℃:

(8) uniformly mixing high-density polyethylene, antibacterial wood powder, activated calcium carbonate powder, natural rubber powder, calcium stearate, dioctyl phthalate and polyethylene wax in parts by weight, and then extruding and molding the elastic antibacterial plastic wood bottom layer by adopting a third extruder, wherein the rotating speed of a screw is 10-14 r/min, and the extrusion temperature is 158-178 ℃:

(9) and (3) overlapping and co-extruding the upper surface layer of the elastic anti-aging plastic wood, the middle plastic wood structure layer and the bottom layer of the elastic antibacterial plastic wood while the materials are hot through a rectangular neck mold, wherein the neck mold temperature is 190-220 ℃, and forming to obtain the three-layer co-extruded high-elasticity anti-aging plastic wood composite material plate.

The three-layer co-extrusion high-elasticity anti-aging plastic-wood composite material plate disclosed by the invention is reasonable in design, simple in structure, and fast and efficient in production. Compared with marble, terrazzo and concrete pouring plates, the high-elasticity anti-aging plastic-wood composite material plate has the advantages of good elasticity, light weight, good touch, environmental protection, reproducibility, skid resistance, and very convenient transportation and installation; compared with a wood plate, the high-elasticity anti-aging plastic-wood composite plate has good elasticity, is anti-aging, is not easy to deform and is mothproof, and forest resources are not wasted; compared with other plastic-wood composite material plates, the high-elasticity anti-aging plastic-wood composite material plate has more excellent elasticity, anti-aging performance and comfort, can be used in some occasions, can avoid damage to users caused by tumbling or collision, and has better weather resistance and longer service life when used outdoors.

Detailed Description