阅读说明：本技术 一种斜井施工方法和设备 (Inclined shaft construction method and equipment ) 是由 袁兆宽 王鹏越 吕红娟 裴继承 于 2020-05-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公布一种斜井施工方法和设备,适用于各种地质条件和深度的斜井施工。包括如下步骤：①盾构机向前推进；同时,通过管片拼装机拼装临时管片；②在临时管片与掘进后的围岩壁之间及时进行壁后注浆；③盾壳后侧的盾尾刷注满油脂；④盾构机施工100-150米后,采用管片拆除机对临时管片进行拆除,并及时挂网、打锚杆、固定网片、喷射混凝土形成永久支护体系；⑤在永久支护体系中每隔一定距离设置卸水孔集中导水和截水沟。本发明使挖掘、排渣、衬砌等作业在护盾的掩护下进行,保证了安全；具有涌水量可控、掘进速度快、前期支护方便、对围岩损伤小、超挖范围控制较好、安全环保、不用注浆治水等效果。(The invention discloses a construction method and equipment for an inclined shaft, which are suitable for the construction of the inclined shaft under various geological conditions and depths and comprise the following steps of advancing a ① shield tunneling machine forwards, assembling temporary segments through a segment assembling machine, timely performing wall back grouting between the temporary segments and a wall of a surrounding rock after tunneling ②, filling grease into a shield tail brush at the rear side of a ③ shield shell, after 100-meter and 150-meter construction of a ④ shield tunneling machine, detaching the temporary segments by using the segment detaching machine, timely hanging nets, driving anchor rods, fixing net sheets and spraying concrete to form a permanent support system, and arranging water discharge hole concentrated water guide and intercepting ditches in the permanent support system at certain intervals by ⑤.)

1. A construction method of an inclined shaft is characterized by comprising the following steps:

① the shield machine advances forward along the center line of the inclined shaft under the protection of the cylindrical shield shell (11), meanwhile, the temporary segment (8) is assembled by the segment assembling machine (19), and the temporary segment (8) is pressed by the hydraulic jack (10);

② grouting the wall between the temporary segment (8) and the wall of the wall rock (13) after tunneling;

③ the shield tail brush (21) at the rear side of the shield shell (11) is filled with grease, the shield tail brush (21) is positioned between the temporary duct piece (8) and the wall of the wall rock (13) after tunneling, the shield tail brush (21) plays a role in sealing between the tail shield shell (11) and the temporary duct piece (8) as well as the wall of the wall rock (13) after tunneling, and meanwhile, water on the excavation surface is isolated from entering the shield shell (11);

④ after the shield machine is constructed for 100-150 m, the temporary segment (8) is removed by a segment remover (35), and a permanent support system is formed by timely hanging a net, drilling an anchor rod, fixing a mesh and spraying concrete;

⑤ drainage holes (33) are arranged at certain intervals in the permanent support system to guide water intensively so as to ensure the safety of the permanent support system, and intercepting ditches (31) are arranged to prevent water gushing in the inclined shaft from reaching the working face.

2. The slant well construction method according to claim 1, wherein: slag stones generated by tunneling of a shield tunneling machine cutter head (15) in the front of the shield tunneling machine enter a closed slag stone bin (16); then, continuously discharging the slag stones in the closed slag stone bin (16) through a spiral conveyer (12); a discharge hole of the spiral conveyor (12) is connected with an inverted trapezoidal hopper (4), and the hopper (4) is positioned above the belt conveyor (3); the belt conveyer (3) discharges the slag stones to the mine car (30) and then transports the slag stones to the ground.

3. The slant well construction method according to claim 2, wherein: a pressure sensor (14) is arranged in a closed ballast bin (16) of the shield tunneling machine; the closed slag stone bin (16) is connected to the water bin (29) through the first water discharge pipe (9) and the second water discharge pipe (23); and a drainage pump (28) is installed in the water bin (29), and the drainage pump (28) drains water to the ground through a third drainage pipe (27).

4. The slant well construction method according to claim 1, wherein: the grouting material is fine aggregate concrete, and the solidified fine aggregate concrete and the temporary duct piece (8) jointly form a temporary supporting system to bear the pressure of a surrounding soil layer and the underground water pressure.

5. A shield machine advances in surrounding rocks (13) along the central line of an inclined shaft, and a track (1) is arranged along the inclined shaft;

the method is characterized in that:

a segment erector (19), a segment conveyor (5), a segment remover (35), a bolting machine (34), a concrete sprayer (32) and a water sump (29) are sequentially arranged at the rear side of the shield machine;

the shield machine comprises a cylindrical shield shell (11), a shield machine cutter head (15) and a cutter head driving device (17) for driving the shield machine cutter head (15) are mounted at the front end of the shield shell (11), and a closed ballast bin (16) is arranged on the rear side of the shield machine cutter head (15);

the rear end of the shield shell (11) is positioned between the temporary duct piece (8) and the wall of the excavated surrounding rock (13); a shield tail brush (21) is arranged at the rear end of the shield shell (11), the shield tail brush (21) is filled with grease, the shield tail brush (21) plays a role in sealing between the tail shield shell (11) and the temporary duct piece (8) as well as between the tail shield shell and the wall of the wall rock (13) after tunneling, and meanwhile, water on the excavation surface is isolated from entering the shield shell (11);

the segment erector (19) is fixed at the rear part of the shield shell (11), and the segment erector (19) is used for installing temporary segments (8) on the wall of the excavated surrounding rock (13); a hydraulic jack (10) for compacting the temporary duct piece (8) is also fixed at the rear part of the shield shell (11);

the segment conveyor (5) is arranged on the track (1), and the segment conveyor (5) is used for conveying segments (7) to be assembled;

the segment dismantling machine (35), the anchor rod machine (34) and the concrete sprayer (32) are arranged on the frame (2), and the frame (2) is arranged on the track (1);

the water bin (29) is connected to the closed slag-rock bin (16) through a first water drainage pipe (9) and a second water drainage pipe (23), and a pressure sensor (14) is installed in the closed slag-rock bin (16); a drainage pump (28) is installed in the water bin (29), and the drainage pump (28) drains water to the ground through a third drainage pipe (27).

6. The slant well construction apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: the rear side of the closed slag stone bin (16) is connected with a spiral conveyer (12), the rear side of the spiral conveyer (12) is connected with a belt conveyer (3), and a mine car (30) is arranged behind the belt conveyer (3); the mine car (30) is installed on the track (1).

7. The slant well construction apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: grouting fine aggregate concrete after the wall is grouted between the temporary duct piece (8) and the wall of the excavated surrounding rock (13), and forming a temporary supporting system together with the temporary duct piece (8) after the fine aggregate concrete is solidified;

the segment removing machine (35) is used for removing temporary segments (8) in the temporary support system;

the anchor rod machine (34) is used for driving anchor rods (24) into the fine stone concrete layer after the temporary duct piece (8) is removed, and installing a tray (23) and a net piece (25);

the concrete sprayer (32) is used for spraying a layer of concrete spraying layer (26) on the outer side of the fine stone concrete layer after the anchor rod (24) is driven.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of inclined shaft construction, in particular to an inclined shaft construction method and equipment for tunneling by using a closed shield tunneling machine, temporary segment supporting and anchor net blasting permanent supporting, which are suitable for inclined shaft construction under various geological conditions and depths.

Background

Usually, after entering the stable bedrock, the inclined shaft adopts an active supporting scheme of anchor net spraying, and the supporting scheme is economic, safe, scientific and reasonable. The traditional inclined shaft tunneling method adopts a drilling and blasting method, the method needs manual drilling, then explosive charging and initiation, slag tapping and supporting, the safety factor is relatively low, the mechanization degree is low, the labor intensity of workers is high, and the section is not easy to control. In addition, the restriction of the underground condition is more, and especially the shaft with larger water inflow is easy to cause water accumulation at the bottom of the shaft, which brings great difficulty to the construction of the inclined shaft.

The shield machine is a special engineering machine for tunnel excavation, has the functions of excavating and cutting soil bodies, conveying soil slag, assembling tunnel linings, measuring, guiding, rectifying deviation and the like, and is widely used for tunnel engineering of subways, railways, highways, municipal works, hydropower and the like. The shield tunneling machine is generally divided into a hard rock shield tunneling machine (TBM) and a soft rock shield tunneling machine, the hard rock shield tunneling machine is commonly used for tunneling medium-hardness rock strata, the axial compression resistance of the commonly tunneled rock strata is less than 50-150Mpa, and the soft rock shield tunneling machine is mainly suitable for soft surrounding rock construction.

Compared with a drilling and blasting method, the shield machine for the inclined shaft construction has the characteristics of high tunneling speed, convenience in early-stage support, small damage to surrounding rocks, better control over an over-excavation range, safety, environmental friendliness and the like. However, as the depth of the inclined shaft is increased, the water pressure is increased, the water quantity of the working surface is also increased, and if the traditional open shield is adopted, the problem of water burst of the working surface is difficult to solve, so that great difficulty is brought to construction; if adopt traditional closed shield structure, need adopt tube sheet formula supporting construction, and shield structure, section of jurisdiction pressure-bearing are too big, and the general equipment of present technical condition and section of jurisdiction pressure-bearing are no longer than 50m vertical depth, and the section of jurisdiction price is higher, and is uneconomical, is difficult to satisfy the construction of dark inclined shaft.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a construction method and apparatus for an inclined shaft,

the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a construction method of an inclined shaft comprises the following steps:

① the shield machine is pushed forward along the central line of the inclined shaft under the protection of the cylindrical shield shell, meanwhile, the temporary segment is assembled by the segment erector and pressed tightly by the hydraulic jack;

② grouting the wall between the temporary segment and the wall of the excavated wall rock;

③ the shield tail brush at the back of shield shell is filled with grease, the shield tail brush is located between the temporary segment and the wall of the wall after tunneling, the shield tail brush plays a sealing role between the shield shell at the tail part and the temporary segment as well as between the shield tail brush and the wall of the wall after tunneling, and simultaneously, the shield tail brush isolates the water of the excavation surface from entering the shield shell;

④ after the shield machine is constructed for 100-150 m, a segment removing machine is adopted to remove temporary segments, and a permanent support system is formed by timely hanging nets, drilling anchor rods, fixing net sheets and spraying concrete;

⑤ water discharge holes are arranged at certain intervals in the permanent support system to guide water intensively so as to ensure the safety of the permanent support system, and a water interception ditch is arranged to prevent water gushing in the inclined shaft from reaching the working face.

It further comprises the following steps: the slag stone generated by the tunneling of the cutter head of the shield machine in the front of the shield machine enters the closed slag stone bin; then, continuously discharging the slag stones in the closed slag stone bin through a spiral conveyer; the discharge port of the spiral conveyer is connected with an inverted trapezoidal hopper, and the hopper is positioned above the belt conveyer; the belt conveyer discharges the slag stones to the mine car and then transports the slag stones to the ground.

A pressure sensor is arranged in a closed slag stone bin of the shield tunneling machine; the closed slag stone bin is connected to the water bin through a first water drainage pipe and a second water drainage pipe and used for pressure relief and water drainage of the closed slag stone bin; and a drainage pump is arranged in the water bin and discharges water to the ground through a third drainage pipe.

The grouting material is fine aggregate concrete, and the solidified fine aggregate concrete and the temporary duct piece jointly form a temporary supporting system to bear the pressure of a surrounding soil layer and the underground water pressure.

A shield constructs the construction equipment of the well, the shield constructs the machine and advances in the surrounding rock along the central line of the well, is fitted with the orbit along the well;

a segment erector, a segment transporter, a segment remover, an anchor rod machine, a concrete sprayer and a water sump are sequentially arranged at the rear side of the shield machine;

the shield machine comprises a cylindrical shield shell, a shield machine cutter head and a cutter head driving device for driving the shield machine cutter head are mounted at the front end of the shield shell, and a sealed ballast bin is arranged on the rear side of the shield machine cutter head;

the rear end of the shield shell is positioned between the temporary duct piece and the wall of the excavated surrounding rock; the rear end of the shield shell is provided with a shield tail brush which is filled with grease, the shield tail brush plays a role in sealing between the tail shield shell and the temporary segment and between the tail shield shell and the wall of the surrounding rock after tunneling, and meanwhile, water on an excavation surface is isolated from entering the shield shell;

the segment erector is fixed at the rear part of the shield shell and used for mounting temporary segments on the wall of the excavated surrounding rock; a hydraulic jack for compressing the temporary duct piece is fixed at the rear part of the shield shell;

the duct piece conveyor is arranged on the track and used for conveying duct pieces to be assembled;

the duct piece dismantling machine, the anchor rod machine and the concrete spraying machine are arranged on a frame, and the frame is arranged on a track;

the water bin is connected to the closed slag-rock bin through a first water drainage pipe and a second water drainage pipe, and a pressure sensor is installed in the closed slag-rock bin; and a drainage pump is installed in the water sump and drains water to the ground through a third drainage pipe.

It further comprises the following steps: the rear side of the closed ballast bin is connected with a spiral conveyer, the rear side of the spiral conveyer is connected with a belt conveyer, and a mine car is arranged behind the belt conveyer; the mine car is mounted on the track.

Grouting fine aggregate concrete after the wall is formed between the temporary duct piece and the excavated surrounding rock wall, and forming a temporary supporting system together with the temporary duct piece after the fine aggregate concrete is solidified;

the segment removing machine is used for removing temporary segments in the temporary support system;

the anchor rod machine is used for driving an anchor rod into the fine stone concrete layer after the temporary duct piece is removed, and installing a tray and a net piece;

the concrete sprayer is used for spraying a layer of concrete spraying layer on the outer side of the fine stone concrete layer after the anchor rod is driven in.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1, a novel controllable closed pressure relief type shield machine is adopted to carry out excavation, slag discharge, lining and other operations under the shield of a shield, so that the safety is ensured;

2, the method has the effects of controllable water inflow, high tunneling speed, convenience in early support, small damage to surrounding rocks, better control over an overbreak range, safety, environmental protection, water control without grouting and the like;

and 3, the permanent support adopts an anchor spraying net form, so that the problem that the shield segment is not suitable under the conditions of high price and high pressure is solved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the front portion of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the rear portion of FIG. 1;

in the figure: 1. a track; 2. a frame; 3. a belt conveyor; 4. a hopper; 5. a segment conveyor; 7. duct pieces to be assembled; 8. a temporary segment; 9. a first drain pipe; 10. a hydraulic jack; 11. a shield shell; 12. a screw conveyor; 13. surrounding rocks; 14. a pressure sensor; 15. a cutter head of the shield tunneling machine; 16. sealing the slag stone bin; 17. a cutter head driving device; 19. a segment erector; 21. a shield tail brush; 22. a second drain pipe; 23. a tray; 24. an anchor rod; 25. a mesh sheet; 26. a concrete spray layer; 27. a third drain pipe; 28. draining pump; 29. a water sump; 30. a mine car; 31. intercepting a ditch; 32. a concrete sprayer; 33. a water discharge hole; 34. an anchor machine; 35. a segment removal machine is adopted.

Detailed Description

The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.