阅读说明：本技术 一种模拟断层启闭的装置及其模拟方法 (Device for simulating fault opening and closing and simulation method thereof ) 是由 闫建钊 薛永安 孙永河 王德英 宋宪强 马研 于 2020-05-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及的是一种模拟断层启闭的装置及其模拟方法,其中模拟断层启闭的装置包括第一玻璃板、第二玻璃板,第一玻璃板、第二玻璃板之间通过铺设不同粒径的颗粒材料形成上泥岩层、下泥岩层、断层、储层和输导层,橡胶密封条沿第一玻璃板、第二玻璃板四周把上泥岩层、下泥岩层、断层、储层和输导层封闭在内；储层两端分别设置排液口,断层穿过上泥岩层、储层,进入到下泥岩层中,断层的下端与输导层上端相接,输导层分成两侧翼状在下泥岩层中向下延伸,直至两侧的橡胶密封条,形成两个端面,一个端面设置进液口,另一个端面设置排液口；断层中设置断层阀。本发明通过在二维可视化模型中设计断层阀,可以在实验过程中改变断层的启闭性。(The invention relates to a device for simulating the opening and closing of a fault and a simulation method thereof, wherein the device for simulating the opening and closing of the fault comprises a first glass plate and a second glass plate, an upper shale layer, a lower shale layer, the fault, a reservoir layer and a transmission layer are formed between the first glass plate and the second glass plate by paving granular materials with different grain diameters, and a rubber sealing strip seals the upper shale layer, the lower shale layer, the fault, the reservoir layer and the transmission layer along the periphery of the first glass plate and the second glass plate; the two ends of the reservoir stratum are respectively provided with a liquid outlet, the fault penetrates through the upper shale stratum and the reservoir stratum and enters the lower shale stratum, the lower end of the fault is connected with the upper end of the transmission layer, the transmission layer is divided into two sides which are wing-shaped and extend downwards in the lower shale stratum until the rubber sealing strips at the two sides form two end faces, one end face is provided with a liquid inlet, and the other end face is provided with a liquid outlet; and a fault valve is arranged in the fault. According to the invention, the fault valve is designed in the two-dimensional visualization model, so that the opening and closing performance of the fault can be changed in the experimental process.)

1. The utility model provides a device that simulation fault was opened and close which characterized in that: the device for simulating the opening and closing of the fault comprises a first glass plate (11) and a second glass plate (12), wherein an upper shale layer, a lower shale layer, the fault (2), a reservoir (5) and a conducting layer (7) are formed between the first glass plate (11) and the second glass plate (12) by paving particle materials with different particle sizes, the upper shale layer, the lower shale layer, the fault (2), the reservoir (5) and the conducting layer (7) are enclosed by rubber sealing strips (4) along the periphery of the first glass plate (11) and the second glass plate (12), and the first glass plate (11) and the second glass plate (12) are clamped and fixed by clamps; liquid discharge ports are respectively arranged at two ends of the reservoir layer (5), the fault (7) penetrates through the upper shale layer and the reservoir layer (5) and enters the lower shale layer, the lower end of the fault (2) is connected with the upper end of the transmission layer (7), the transmission layer (7) is divided into two side wings which extend downwards in the lower shale layer until the rubber sealing strips (4) at two sides form two end faces, one end face is provided with a liquid inlet (8), and the other end face is provided with a liquid discharge port; the fault valve (1) is arranged in the fault (2), the fault valve (1) comprises a left shielding glass strip (1-1), a right shielding glass strip (1-4) and a filter screen, the left shielding glass strip (1-1) and the right shielding glass strip (1-4) clamp the filter screen, the rectangular diversion trench (1-3) penetrates through the second glass plate (12) and the filter screen, the bottom of the trench is provided with the first glass plate (11), the rubber plug (1-5) is inserted into the bottom of the rectangular diversion trench (1-3), the fault (2) is closed, the insertion depth of the rubber plug (1-5) is the same as the thickness of the second glass plate (12), and the fault (2) is conducted.

2. The device for simulating fault opening and closing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the filter screen is hard sponge and is divided into an upper filter screen (1-2) and a lower filter screen (1-6) by a rectangular diversion trench (1-3).

3. The device for simulating fault opening and closing according to claim 2, characterized in that: the first glass plate (11) and the second glass plate (12) are both made of 10mm toughened glass.

4. The device for simulating fault opening and closing according to claim 3, wherein: the particle materials filled in the mudstone layer (3) are 60-mesh glass beads, the particle materials filled in the fault layer (2) are 20-mesh glass beads, the particle materials filled in the reservoir layer (5) are 30-mesh glass beads, and the particle materials filled in the conducting layer (7) are 40-mesh glass beads.

5. A simulation method of the device for simulating fault opening and closing according to claim 4, wherein:

firstly, inserting a rubber plug (1-5) to the depth which is the same as the thickness of a second glass plate (12), and vacuumizing saturated water by the device for simulating the opening and closing of the fault;

secondly, further plugging the rubber plug (1-5) into the bottom of the rectangular diversion trench (1-3) to seal the fault (2);

thirdly, opening a liquid outlet of the fault (2) and two liquid outlets of the reservoir (5);

injecting kerosene through a liquid inlet (8), and simultaneously extruding water in the device for simulating the opening and closing of the fault to be discharged from a fault liquid outlet;

fifthly, the injected kerosene is continuously gathered in a conducting layer (7) below the fault (2);

sixthly, slightly pulling the rubber plug (1-5), starting the fault (2), and adjusting the oil accumulated below the fault (2) to the reservoir (5) through the fault (2);

seventhly, the opening and closing states of the fault (2) are adjusted for multiple times according to requirements.

6. The simulation method of the device for simulating fault opening and closing according to claim 5, wherein: the kerosene is injected in a fixed flow mode, and the flow is 0.2 ml/min.

7. The simulation method of the device for simulating fault opening and closing according to claim 6, wherein: after the kerosene is injected for two hours, the fault (2) is opened when the kerosene is not filled with the conducting layer (7), and the oil in the conducting layer (7) is adjusted to the reservoir (5) through the fault (2) under the action of buoyancy.

8. The simulation method of the device for simulating fault opening and closing according to claim 6, wherein: and after the kerosene is injected for six hours, the kerosene is discharged through a liquid outlet of the fault layer (2) after the kerosene is filled in the conducting layer (7), at the moment, the fault layer (2) is opened, and the kerosene in the conducting layer (7) is adjusted to the reservoir (5) above through the fault layer (2).

Technical Field

The invention relates to an experimental device used in the field of oil-gas exploration, in particular to a device for simulating fault opening and closing and a simulation method thereof.

Background

In fault developing basins, fault sealing plays a key role in oil and gas migration, accumulation and distribution. The fault has duality to the oil and gas migration; when the fault moves, the oil-gas secondary migration device is opened and is an advantage channel for oil-gas secondary migration; when the fault is static, it is closed and is a shelter for blocking secondary migration of oil gas. In the static period of the fault, oil and gas are gathered below the fault, the pressure of the oil and gas below the fault is increased or the change of the ground stress causes the fault to be opened, the oil and gas gathered below the fault are adjusted along the fault, after the pressure or the ground stress is released to a certain degree, the fault is closed again, the energy gathering in the next period is started, and therefore the oil and gas are transported in a curtain mode along the fault along with the alternating operation of the fault and the static operation. At present, in the same experimental process of the same device, no method for changing the fault opening and closing performance exists, so that the research on the curtain migration characteristics and rules of oil gas along the fault is greatly limited, and the influence on the oil gas gathering and distribution when curtain secondary migration is carried out along the fault is difficult to be researched.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a device for simulating fault opening and closing, which is used for solving the problem that the fault opening and closing performance cannot be changed in the same experimental process of the same device in the prior art; the invention also aims to provide a simulation method of the device for simulating fault opening and closing.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the device for simulating the opening and closing of the fault comprises a first glass plate and a second glass plate, wherein an upper shale layer, a lower shale layer, the fault, a reservoir and a transmission layer are formed between the first glass plate and the second glass plate by laying particle materials with different particle sizes; the two ends of the reservoir stratum are respectively provided with a liquid outlet, the fault penetrates through the upper shale stratum and the reservoir stratum and enters the lower shale stratum, the lower end of the fault is connected with the upper end of the transmission layer, the transmission layer is divided into two sides which are wing-shaped and extend downwards in the lower shale stratum until the rubber sealing strips at the two sides form two end faces, one end face is provided with a liquid inlet, and the other end face is provided with a liquid outlet; set up the fault valve in the fault, the fault valve includes that the left side shelters from glass strip, the right side shelters from glass strip, filter screen, and the left side shelters from glass strip, the right side shelters from glass strip including pressing from both sides the filter screen, and the rectangle guiding gutter passes second glass board and filter screen, and the tank bottom is first glass board, and the plug inserts rectangle guiding gutter tank bottom, and the fault is closed, and plug depth of insertion is the same with second glass board thickness, and the fault switches on.

In the scheme, the filter screen is made of hard sponge and is divided into an upper filter screen and a lower filter screen by the rectangular diversion trench.

In the scheme, the first glass plate and the second glass plate are both 10mm toughened glass.

In the scheme, the particle material filled in the mudstone layer is 60-mesh glass beads, the particle material filled in the fault layer is 20-mesh glass beads, the particle material filled in the reservoir layer is 30-mesh glass beads, and the particle material filled in the conducting layer is 40-mesh glass beads.

The simulation method of the device for simulating fault opening and closing comprises the following steps:

firstly, inserting a rubber plug into the device with the same depth as the thickness of a second glass plate, and vacuumizing saturated water by the device for simulating the opening and closing of the fault;

secondly, further plugging the rubber plug into the bottom of the rectangular diversion trench to seal the fault;

thirdly, opening a liquid outlet of the fault and two liquid outlets of the reservoir;

injecting kerosene through a liquid inlet, and simultaneously extruding water in the device for simulating the opening and closing of the fault to be discharged from a fault liquid outlet;

fifthly, the injected kerosene is continuously gathered in a conducting layer below the fault;

sixthly, slightly pulling the rubber plug, starting a fault, and adjusting the oil accumulated below the fault to a reservoir layer through the fault;

seventhly, adjusting the opening and closing states of the fault for multiple times according to the requirements.

In the scheme, after the kerosene is injected for two hours, the fault is opened when the kerosene is not filled with the transportation layer, and the oil in the transportation layer is adjusted to the reservoir through the fault under the action of buoyancy.

In the scheme, after kerosene is injected for six hours, the kerosene is discharged through a liquid discharge port of the fault after the kerosene is filled in the conveying layer, at the moment, the fault is started again, and the kerosene in the conveying layer is adjusted to an upper reservoir layer through the fault.

In the scheme, the kerosene is injected in a fixed flow mode, and the flow is 0.2 ml/min.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the invention, by designing the fault valve in the two-dimensional visualization model, the opening and closing of the fault can be changed in the experimental process, and technical support is provided for researching the influence of curtain type secondary migration caused by fault activity on oil gas accumulation and distribution.

2. According to the invention, a fault valve is arranged in a fault region of a model, a rubber plug is plugged in a rectangular diversion trench, and a fault is closed to block oil gas from moving along the fault; and (4) pulling out part of the rubber plugs in the rectangular diversion trenches, and opening the fault to form an advantageous channel for oil and gas migration.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view a-a in fig. 1.

FIG. 3 is a front view of the fault valve of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view B-B of fig. 3.

In the figure: 1. 1-1 part of a fault valve, 1-2 parts of a left shielding glass strip, 1-2 parts of an upper filter screen, 1-3 parts of a rectangular diversion trench, 1-4 parts of a right shielding glass strip, 1-5 parts of a rubber plug and 1-6 parts of a lower filter screen;

2. the liquid storage device comprises a fault, 3 mudstone layers, 4 rubber sealing strips, 5 reservoir layers, 6 liquid discharging ports A, 7 conveying and guiding layers, 8 liquid inlet ports, 9 liquid discharging ports B, 10 liquid discharging ports C, 11 first glass plates and 12 second glass plates.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

with reference to fig. 1-4, the device for simulating the opening and closing of a fault comprises a first glass plate 11 and a second glass plate 12, wherein a mudstone layer 3, a fault 2, a reservoir 5 and a conducting layer 7 are formed between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 by laying granular materials with different grain diameters, the mudstone layer 3 comprises an upper mudstone layer and a lower mudstone layer, a rubber sealing strip 4 seals the upper mudstone layer, the lower mudstone layer, the fault 2, the reservoir 5 and the conducting layer 7 along the periphery of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12, and a clamp clamps and fixes the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12; liquid discharge ports are respectively arranged at two ends of the reservoir layer 5, the fault 2 penetrates through the upper shale layer and the reservoir layer 5 and enters the lower shale layer, the lower end of the fault 2 is connected with the upper end of the conducting layer 7, the conducting layer 7 is divided into two sides which are wing-shaped and extend downwards in the lower shale layer until the rubber sealing strips 4 at the two sides form two end faces, one end face is provided with a liquid inlet 8, and the other end face is provided with a liquid discharge port.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, a fault valve 1 is arranged in a fault 2, the fault valve 1 comprises a left shielding glass strip 1-1, a right shielding glass strip 1-4 and a filter screen, the left shielding glass strip 1-1 and the right shielding glass strip 1-4 clamp the filter screen, a rectangular diversion groove 1-3 penetrates through a second glass plate 12 and the filter screen, a first glass plate 11 is arranged at the bottom of the groove, a rubber plug 1-5 is inserted into the bottom of the rectangular diversion groove 1-3, the fault 2 is closed, the insertion depth of the rubber plug 1-5 is the same as the thickness of the second glass plate 12, and the fault 2 is switched on. The filter screen is hard sponge, the filter screen is divided into an upper filter screen 1-2 and a lower filter screen 1-6 by a rectangular diversion trench 1-3, and the rubber plug 1-5 is a rubber plug.

According to the invention, a fault valve 1 is arranged in a zone of a fault 2 in a model, a rubber plug 1-5 is plugged in a rectangular diversion trench 1-3, and the fault 2 is closed to prevent oil gas from moving along the fault 2; part of the rubber plugs in the rectangular diversion trenches 1-3 are pulled out, and the fault 2 is opened to form an advantageous channel for oil and gas migration.

The manufacturing steps of the simulated fault opening and closing device comprise:

1. punching holes in the corresponding area of the designed fault 2 on the second glass plate to form a part of the rectangular diversion trench 1-3.

As a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the drilled hole is 3mm, the position is with the lower left corner of the model as the origin, coordinates (400 mm, 550 mm); the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are both made of 10mm toughened glass and have the size of 800 mm/800 mm.

2. Arranging a fault valve 1 on the upper surface of the first glass plate 11 corresponding to the punching position of the second glass plate 12;

as a preferred embodiment, a left shielding glass strip 1-1 and a right shielding glass strip 1-4 in the fault valve 1 are 15mm wide, 10mm high and 3mm thick; the rectangular diversion trenches 1-3 in the fault valve 1 are 15mm 3mm in size.

3. The first glass plate 11 is laid flat, and the rubber weather strip 4 is fixed to the first glass plate 11 along the peripheral edge.

As a preferred embodiment, a rubber seal 4 having a width of 10mm and a thickness of 3mm is used.

4. According to the design, the upper surface of the first glass plate 11 is divided into four areas of a shale layer 3, a fault 2, a storage layer 5 and a conducting layer 7 by using separating strips, wherein the fault 2 is positioned above the conducting layer 7, and the storage layer 5 is positioned at two sides of the fault 2. The particle material filled in the mudstone layer 3 is 60-mesh glass beads, the particle material filled in the fault layer 2 is 20-mesh glass beads, the particle material filled in the reservoir layer 5 is 30-mesh glass beads, and the particle material filled in the conducting layer 7 is 40-mesh glass beads.

As a preferred embodiment, the separator strip is a 3mm wide, 0.5mm thick copper sheet;

5. and respectively paving granular materials with different particle sizes in the areas of the mudstone layer 3, the fault 2, the reservoir 5 and the conducting layer 7 on the upper surface of the first glass plate 11, wherein the thickness of the granular materials is the same as that of the rubber sealing strip 4.

6. The parting strips between the mudstone 3, the faults 2, the reservoir 5 and the conductive layer 7 are removed and a second glass plate 12 is laid in register on the first glass plate 11.

7. The first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are fixed by C-shaped clips, and the mold is sealed by a prestress generated by the C-shaped clips.

8. The right side of the conducting layer 7 is inserted into a pipeline through the rubber sealing strip 4 to serve as a liquid inlet 8, and the left side of the conducting layer 7 and the left side and the right side of the reservoir 5 are respectively inserted into the pipeline through the rubber sealing strips 4 to serve as liquid outlets.

9. A rubber stopper was inserted into the hole of the second glass plate 12 to a depth of 10 mm.

10. The device is vacuumized and saturated with water.

The method and the steps for simulating fault opening and closing comprise

1. And further plugging the rubber plugs 1-5 into the rectangular diversion trenches 1-3 through holes in the second glass plate 12 to seal the fault 2.

2. Drain port A6, drain port B9, and drain port C10 were opened.

3. Kerosene is injected into the model through the liquid inlet 8, water in the extrusion model is discharged from the liquid outlet B9, and the kerosene is injected in a fixed flow mode, wherein the flow is 0.2 ml/min.

4. The injected kerosene is collected by the conducting layer 7 which continues below the fault 2.

5. And slightly pulling the rubber plug 1-5, starting the fault 2, and adjusting the oil accumulated below the fault 2 to the reservoir 5 above through the fault 2.

As a preferred embodiment, the fault 2 is opened two hours after kerosene injection when the kerosene is not filled with the photoconductive layer 7; the oil in the conducting layer 7 is adjusted to an upper reservoir 5 through the fault 2 under the action of buoyancy;

as another preferred embodiment, after the kerosene is injected for six hours, the kerosene is filled in the photoconductive layer 7 and then discharged through the liquid outlet B9, and at this time, the fault 2 is opened again, and the kerosene in the photoconductive layer 7 is adjusted to the upper reservoir 5 through the fault 2, but the upper oil amount can be adjusted by taking the injected amount as a reference, and the ratio is reduced compared with the previous example.