阅读说明：本技术 一种大蒜收获机的剪断装置 (Garlic harvester's shearing mechanism ) 是由 张全忠 于 2020-04-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种大蒜收获机的剪断装置,该剪断装置包括设置在两个对称的侧板上的土、蒜分离机构,所述土、蒜分离机构上设置有定位机构、剪须机构以及剪茎机构；所述土、蒜分离机构包括用于夹持大蒜传输的链条提升单元,所述土、蒜分离机构通过两个对称设置的侧板安装在拖拉机上,所述定位机构用于在大蒜被提升的过程中进行定位；所述剪须机构包括引导架和设置在所述引导架上的刀片；所述剪茎机构包括两个重叠在一起的刀片,该两个重叠的刀片转向相反。本发明利用链条提升单元一端固定,另一端悬浮的结构,一方面使得在对大蒜夹持时更加稳定,另一方面与剪须机构相配合,能够适应大蒜大小的变化,而使得剪须机构能够较为准确的捕捉到大蒜须。(The invention discloses a shearing device of a garlic harvester, which comprises a soil and garlic separating mechanism arranged on two symmetrical side plates, wherein the soil and garlic separating mechanism is provided with a positioning mechanism, a beard shearing mechanism and a stem shearing mechanism; the soil and garlic separating mechanism comprises a chain lifting unit for clamping garlic for conveying, the soil and garlic separating mechanism is arranged on a tractor through two symmetrically arranged side plates, and the positioning mechanism is used for positioning in the process of lifting the garlic; the beard cutting mechanism comprises a guide frame and a blade arranged on the guide frame; the stem shearing mechanism comprises two blades which are overlapped together, and the two overlapped blades are opposite in rotation direction. The garlic beard clamping device utilizes the structure that one end of the chain lifting unit is fixed and the other end of the chain lifting unit is suspended, so that garlic is clamped more stably, and the garlic beard clamping device is matched with the beard shearing mechanism to adapt to the change of the size of garlic, so that garlic beards can be accurately captured by the beard shearing mechanism.)

1. A shearing device of a garlic harvester is characterized by comprising soil and garlic separating mechanisms arranged on two symmetrical side plates, wherein the soil and garlic separating mechanisms are provided with a positioning mechanism, a beard shearing mechanism and a stem shearing mechanism;

the garlic and garlic separating mechanism comprises a chain lifting unit for clamping garlic for conveying, the garlic and garlic separating mechanism is mounted on a tractor through two symmetrically arranged side plates, the chain lifting unit comprises two lifting chains which are parallel and reverse in rotation direction and four lifting chain wheels positioned at two ends of the two lifting chains, the lifting chains are obliquely arranged, one end of each lifting chain close to the ground is a fixed end, and the other end of each lifting chain far away from the ground is a floating end; the adjacent sides of the two lifting chains are tightly attached together and used for clamping the stems of the garlic;

the garlic lifting mechanism comprises two positioning wheels which can move oppositely or back to back, the two positioning wheels rotate oppositely, and when garlic passes through the two positioning wheels, the two positioning wheels clamp the stems of the garlic and lift the garlic;

the beard cutting mechanism comprises a guide frame and a blade arranged on the guide frame;

the stem shearing mechanism comprises two blades which are overlapped together, and the two overlapped blades are opposite in rotation direction.

2. The shearing device of the garlic harvester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the positioning wheel is cylindrical, a plurality of notches are formed in the outer wall of the positioning wheel and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the two positioning wheels are respectively positioned above the two lifting chains, the positioning wheel is rotatably arranged on the positioning cylinder, and a first motor for driving the positioning wheel to rotate is arranged at the end part of the positioning cylinder, which is far away from the positioning wheel;

the chain lifting unit is characterized in that the positioning cylinder is fixed on the chain lifting unit through a hinge, one end of the hinge is fixed on the positioning cylinder, the other end of the hinge is fixed on the chain lifting unit, and a tensioning spring is arranged between the positioning cylinder and the chain lifting unit.

3. The shearing device of the garlic harvester as claimed in claim 2, wherein the end of the positioning wheel far away from the positioning cylinder is tapered, the outer diameter of the positioning wheel is larger than that of the positioning cylinder, and the projection of the housing of the first motor on the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder falls into the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder.

4. The shearing apparatus of a garlic harvester as defined in claim 1, wherein the guide frame is formed with a tapered guide slot, a second motor for driving the blade to rotate is fixed to one side of the guide slot, and the guide frame is fixed between the two side plates by a cross member.

5. The shearing apparatus of a garlic harvester as defined in any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the two lifting sprockets of the chain lifting unit near the ground are respectively fixed to a cross member fixed between the two side plates by a first fixing rod;

two lifting chain wheels far away from the ground float relative to the side plates through a floating rod respectively, a connecting rod mechanism is arranged on the floating rod, and the connecting rod mechanism is fixed between the two side plates through a cross beam;

the connecting rod mechanism comprises a floating sleeve which is rotationally connected with the floating rod, a second connecting rod and a T-shaped connecting rod which can rotate are fixed on the floating sleeve, a first connecting rod which is rotationally connected with the T-shaped connecting rod is arranged at the end part of the T-shaped connecting rod, which is far away from the floating sleeve, and the first connecting rod is fixed on the cross beam;

the first connecting rod, the second connecting rod and the T-shaped connecting rod are all on the same plane;

the first connecting rod and the T-shaped connecting rod are both provided with an adjusting bolt in a threaded manner, the adjusting bolt on the first connecting rod abuts against the T-shaped connecting rod, and the adjusting bolt on the T-shaped connecting rod abuts against the second connecting rod;

and a traction spring is arranged between the cross beam fixedly connected with the first connecting rod and the T-shaped connecting rod, and two ends of the traction spring are respectively fixed with the cross beam and the T-shaped connecting rod.

6. The shearing apparatus of a garlic harvester as claimed in claim 5, wherein the chain lifting unit further comprises a tensioning mechanism, the tensioning mechanism comprises two tensioning posts respectively located at the middle parts of the two lifting chains, one end of each tensioning post is fixed with a corresponding first fixing rod, and the other end of each tensioning post is connected with a cross beam through a second fixing rod and fixed between the two side plates;

the near sides of the two tensioning columns are respectively fixed with a first elastic sheet, the far sides of the two tensioning columns are respectively fixed with a second elastic sheet, a plurality of uniformly distributed supporting springs are arranged between the first elastic sheet and the tensioning columns and between the second elastic sheet and the tensioning columns, and the first elastic sheet and the second elastic sheet are tightly attached to the lifting chain.

7. The shearing device of the garlic harvester as claimed in claim 6, wherein the tensioning column is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed supporting sprockets, the supporting sprockets are provided with a waist-shaped groove, a limiting column fixed on the tensioning column is arranged in the waist-shaped groove, the supporting sprockets are connected with the limiting column in a sliding manner, a spring is fixed in the waist-shaped groove, one end of the spring is fixed on the limiting column, and the other end of the spring abuts against the waist-shaped groove;

the tensioning column is provided with a plurality of first elastic sheets, the number of the first elastic sheets on the same tensioning column is one more than that of the supporting chain wheels, and the first elastic sheets and the supporting chain wheels are distributed alternately.

8. The shearing device of a garlic harvester as claimed in claim 5, wherein the two blades of the stem shearing mechanism are respectively fixed on the two floating rods of the chain lifting unit through an adjusting sleeve, and the adjusting sleeve is threaded with a bolt which is tightly pressed on the floating rods;

the blade of the stem shearing mechanism and the blade of the beard shearing mechanism are both regular hexagonal thin blade knives.

9. The clipping device of a garlic harvester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil-garlic separating mechanism further comprises a soil shoveling unit for separating the garlic from the soil layer and a chain transmission mechanism for driving the lifting chain to rotate; the chain transmission mechanism comprises driving chain wheels which rotate coaxially with the floating rod, and the two driving chain wheels are respectively positioned in two parallel planes; a speed reducer is fixed on one of the side plates, and a driving chain for driving the driving chain wheel to rotate is arranged on an output shaft of the speed reducer; and support frames are further fixed on two sides of the driving chain wheel, and third elastic sheets used for being attached to the driving chain are fixed on the support frames.

10. The shearing device of the garlic harvester as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a cleaning unit disposed below the positioning mechanism, wherein the cleaning unit comprises a rotatable cleaning drum brush, two ends of the cleaning drum brush are provided with rotating shafts rotatably connected with the two side plates, and one end of one of the rotating shafts extends out of the side plates and is fixed with a belt pulley.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a shearing device of a garlic harvester.

Background

When garlic is harvested, in order to ensure the integrity of garlic bulbs and garlic seedlings, the ground breaking operation is required. The garlic harvesting mode adopted at present mainly adopts manual shovel blade soil breaking and mechanical equipment soil breaking, and the labor intensity is high due to the manual soil breaking;

in addition, harvesting of garlic is not a simple work of taking garlic out of a soil layer, and the garlic harvesting machine also relates to a series of subsequent operations of cutting beard and stem and the like to finally obtain garlic, and the existing basic principle is that a clamping mechanism is utilized to clamp and convey garlic stems and then convey the garlic stems to a collecting place, so that the garlic harvesting machine lacks the operation of cutting the beard and the stem in the garlic harvesting process, and is further subjected to the special condition of garlic, namely the garlic has large garlic heads, the requirement on the clamping mechanism is higher in the clamping and conveying process, and if clamping is not stable enough, the probability of garlic falling is very high, and further waste is caused.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the technical deficiencies, the invention aims to provide a cutting device of a garlic harvester, which utilizes a structure that one end of a chain lifting unit is fixed and the other end of the chain lifting unit is suspended, so that on one hand, garlic is more stable when being clamped, the flexible clamping can adapt to impact caused by uneven external road surface, and further garlic falling probability is reduced, and on the other hand, the flexible clamping can adapt to the change of garlic size by matching with a beard cutting mechanism, so that the beard cutting mechanism can accurately capture garlic beard, and further perform beard cutting work.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a shearing device of a garlic harvester, which comprises a soil and garlic separating mechanism arranged on two symmetrical side plates, wherein the soil and garlic separating mechanism is provided with a positioning mechanism, a beard shearing mechanism and a stem shearing mechanism;

the garlic and garlic separating mechanism comprises a chain lifting unit for clamping garlic for conveying, the garlic and garlic separating mechanism is mounted on a tractor through two symmetrically arranged side plates, the chain lifting unit comprises two lifting chains which are parallel and reverse in rotation direction and four lifting chain wheels positioned at two ends of the two lifting chains, the lifting chains are obliquely arranged, one end of each lifting chain close to the ground is a fixed end, and the other end of each lifting chain far away from the ground is a floating end; the adjacent sides of the two lifting chains are tightly attached together and used for clamping the stems of the garlic;

the garlic lifting mechanism comprises two positioning wheels which can move oppositely or back to back, the two positioning wheels rotate oppositely, and when garlic passes through the two positioning wheels, the two positioning wheels clamp the stems of the garlic and lift the garlic;

the beard cutting mechanism comprises a guide frame and a blade arranged on the guide frame;

the stem shearing mechanism comprises two blades which are overlapped together, and the two overlapped blades are opposite in rotation direction.

Preferably, the positioning wheel is columnar, a plurality of notches which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction are formed in the outer wall of the positioning wheel, the two positioning wheels are respectively positioned above the two lifting chains, the positioning wheel is rotatably arranged on the positioning cylinder, and a first motor for driving the positioning wheel to rotate is arranged at the end part, far away from the positioning wheel, of the positioning cylinder;

the chain lifting unit is characterized in that the positioning cylinder is fixed on the chain lifting unit through a hinge, one end of the hinge is fixed on the positioning cylinder, the other end of the hinge is fixed on the chain lifting unit, and a tensioning spring is arranged between the positioning cylinder and the chain lifting unit.

Preferably, one end of the positioning wheel, which is far away from the positioning cylinder, is tapered, the outer diameter of the positioning wheel is larger than that of the positioning cylinder, and the projection of the shell of the first motor on the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder falls into the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder.

Preferably, the guide frame is provided with a tapered guide groove, one side of the guide groove is fixed with a second motor for driving the blade to rotate, and the guide frame is fixed between the two side plates through a cross beam.

Preferably, two lifting sprockets of the chain lifting unit close to the ground are respectively fixed on a cross beam through a first fixing rod, and the cross beam is fixed between two side plates;

two lifting chain wheels far away from the ground float relative to the side plates through a floating rod respectively, a connecting rod mechanism is arranged on the floating rod, and the connecting rod mechanism is fixed between the two side plates through a cross beam;

the connecting rod mechanism comprises a floating sleeve which is rotationally connected with the floating rod, a second connecting rod and a T-shaped connecting rod which can rotate are fixed on the floating sleeve, a first connecting rod which is rotationally connected with the T-shaped connecting rod is arranged at the end part of the T-shaped connecting rod, which is far away from the floating sleeve, and the first connecting rod is fixed on the cross beam;

the first connecting rod, the second connecting rod and the T-shaped connecting rod are all on the same plane;

the first connecting rod and the T-shaped connecting rod are both provided with an adjusting bolt in a threaded manner, the adjusting bolt on the first connecting rod abuts against the T-shaped connecting rod, and the adjusting bolt on the T-shaped connecting rod abuts against the second connecting rod;

and a traction spring is arranged between the cross beam fixedly connected with the first connecting rod and the T-shaped connecting rod, and two ends of the traction spring are respectively fixed with the cross beam and the T-shaped connecting rod.

Preferably, the chain lifting unit further comprises a tensioning mechanism, the tensioning mechanism comprises two tensioning columns respectively located in the middle of the two lifting chains, one end of each tensioning column is fixed to a corresponding first fixing rod, and the other end of each tensioning column is connected with a cross beam through a second fixing rod and fixed between the two side plates;

the near sides of the two tensioning columns are respectively fixed with a first elastic sheet, the far sides of the two tensioning columns are respectively fixed with a second elastic sheet, a plurality of uniformly distributed supporting springs are arranged between the first elastic sheet and the tensioning columns and between the second elastic sheet and the tensioning columns, and the first elastic sheet and the second elastic sheet are tightly attached to the lifting chain.

Preferably, a plurality of uniformly distributed supporting chain wheels are arranged on the tensioning column, a waist-shaped groove is formed in each supporting chain wheel, a limiting column fixed on the tensioning column is arranged in each waist-shaped groove, each supporting chain wheel is connected with the corresponding limiting column in a sliding mode, a spring is further fixed in each waist-shaped groove, one end of each spring is fixed on each limiting column, and the other end of each spring abuts against the corresponding waist-shaped groove;

the tensioning column is provided with a plurality of first elastic sheets, the number of the first elastic sheets on the same tensioning column is one more than that of the supporting chain wheels, and the first elastic sheets and the supporting chain wheels are distributed alternately.

Preferably, the two blades of the stem shearing mechanism are respectively fixed on two floating rods of the chain lifting unit through an adjusting sleeve, and a bolt is assembled on the adjusting sleeve in a threaded manner and tightly abutted on the floating rods;

the blade of the stem shearing mechanism and the blade of the beard shearing mechanism are both regular hexagonal thin blade knives.

Preferably, the soil and garlic separating mechanism further comprises a chain transmission mechanism for driving the lifting chain to rotate, the chain transmission mechanism comprises a driving chain wheel which coaxially rotates with the floating rod, and the two driving chain wheels are respectively positioned in two parallel planes; a speed reducer is fixed on one of the side plates, and a driving chain for driving the driving chain wheel to rotate is arranged on an output shaft of the speed reducer; and support frames are further fixed on two sides of the driving chain wheel, and third elastic sheets used for being attached to the driving chain are fixed on the support frames.

Preferably, the shearing device further comprises a cleaning unit arranged below the positioning mechanism, the cleaning unit comprises a cleaning barrel brush capable of rotating, two ends of the cleaning barrel brush are provided with rotating shafts rotatably connected with the two side plates, and one end of each rotating shaft extends out of the corresponding side plate and is fixed with a belt pulley.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the garlic clamping device has the advantages that the garlic is more stable when clamped by the chain lifting unit in a structure that one end of the chain lifting unit is fixed and the other end of the chain lifting unit is suspended, the flexible clamping can adapt to the impact caused by uneven external road surface, vehicle vibration and the like, a certain buffering effect can be started, the impact force on the garlic in the transmission process is reduced, and the garlic falling probability is further reduced; in addition, the suspension structure also provides a structural basis for the later beard cutting operation, can be matched with the beard cutting mechanism, and can adapt to the change of the garlic size, so that the beard cutting mechanism can accurately capture garlic beards, and then the beard cutting work is carried out;

(2) according to the garlic harvesting machine, due to the arrangement of the beard shearing mechanism and the stem shearing mechanism, garlic is harvested in a combined manner, so that one-stop operation from soil loosening, garlic separation, beard shearing, stem shearing and warehousing is realized, and the labor intensity is greatly reduced; simultaneously can make the garlic obtain promoting before cutting palpus and shearing the stem under positioning mechanism's effect for the location of garlic is more accurate, so that subsequent accurate cutting palpus and shearing the stem, and then obtains comparatively regular garlic.

(3) According to the garlic clamping device, garlic is clamped in a mode of the two chains, the two chains at the clamping position are always in a tensioning state by utilizing the characteristic that the two chains are opposite in rotation direction, so that the garlic clamping effect is further ensured, meanwhile, the chains are tensioned in a spring plate mode, the garlic clamping length can be increased, the clamping force of garlic can be kept in the garlic clamping and conveying process, and the garlic falling probability is further reduced.

(4) According to the invention, the supporting chain wheel is arranged on the chain, so that on one hand, the supporting chain wheel can play a local tensioning role, on the other hand, the supporting chain wheel can be matched with the floating of the chain lifting unit to support the chain, the supporting points of the chain in the transmission direction are increased, the length of the chain is indirectly shortened, the falling phenomenon of the long-distance chain due to self weight is reduced, and the phenomenon that the chain is disengaged from the chain wheel is avoided.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a plurality of sprocket lifting units and a plurality of scraper units disposed on side plates;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a plurality of earth-engaging units and a plurality of sprocket-lift units;

FIG. 3 is a plan view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the positioning mechanism;

FIG. 5 is a plan view of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a beard cutting mechanism;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a stem shearing mechanism;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the linkage mechanism and the float lever;

FIG. 9 is a plan view of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a partial top view of the chain hoist unit;

FIG. 11 is a partial bottom view of the chain hoist unit;

FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of portion B of FIG. 11;

FIG. 14 is an enlarged view of portion C of FIG. 11;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the chain drive configuration;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a plurality of the earth-engaging units;

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the scraper unit;

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of the guide bar and chain hoist unit;

fig. 19 is a schematic view of the structure of fig. 1 and a tractor.

Description of reference numerals: 1-side plate, 11-supporting arm, 12-driving cylinder, 2-earth shoveling unit, 21-movable knife bracket, 211-movable knife guide sleeve, 212-movable knife push rod, 22-movable knife rod, 221-movable knife, 23-hinged rod, 24-movable knife driving shaft, 25-eccentric wheel, 26-bearing, 3-chain lifting unit, 31-connecting rod mechanism, 311-floating sleeve, 312-first connecting rod, 313-T type connecting rod, 314-second connecting rod, 315-adjusting bolt, 316-pulling spring, 32-first fixing rod, 33-floating rod, 34-second fixing rod, 35-lifting chain, 36-lifting chain wheel, 37-driving chain wheel, 38-supporting chain wheel, 381-waist-shaped groove, 382-limiting column, 39-tensioning column, 391-first elastic sheet, 392-second elastic sheet, 393-supporting spring, 4-chain transmission mechanism, 41-speed reducer, 42-supporting frame, 43-third elastic sheet, 5-positioning mechanism, 51-positioning barrel, 52-positioning wheel, 521-notch, 53-first motor, 54-hinge, 55-tensioning spring, 6-beard shearing mechanism, 61-guiding frame, 611-guiding groove, 62-second motor, 7-stem shearing mechanism, 71-adjusting sleeve, 8-blade, 9-cleaning barrel brush, 10-beam, 100-guiding rod and 001-horizontal conveyor belt.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.