阅读说明：本技术 一种减少猪排泄物中氨氮水平的饲料配方和饲喂猪的方法 (Feed formula for reducing ammonia nitrogen level in pig excreta and pig feeding method ) 是由 刘定发 彭肖阳 林泽雄 刘凯 于 2020-01-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明首先提供一种减少猪排泄物中氨氮水平的饲料其是在正常日粮的基础上减少蛋白质含量20-40%,优选添加晶体氨基酸至正常日粮水平,具体包括添加赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸,进一步优选添加微生态制剂。本发明采用的饲料可以大大减低氮总排放量,并提高氮利用率。(The invention firstly provides a feed for reducing the ammonia nitrogen level in pig excreta, which is characterized in that the protein content is reduced by 20-40% on the basis of normal daily ration, crystalline amino acid is preferably added to the normal daily ration level, and the feed specifically comprises lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan, and further preferably comprises a microecological preparation. The feed adopted by the invention can greatly reduce the total nitrogen emission and improve the nitrogen utilization rate.)

1. A feed for reducing the level of ammonia nitrogen in pig excreta is characterized in that the protein content is reduced by 20-40%, preferably 25-35% (called low-protein ration) on the basis of normal ration.

2. The feed formulation of claim 1, which is achieved by reducing the relative amount of soybean meal in a normal ration.

3. The feed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the addition of crystalline amino acids, preferably to normal ration levels, specifically comprises the addition of lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan.

4. The feed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a micro-ecological preparation is further added, comprising: bacillus coagulans, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus and saccharomycetes.

5. The feed as set forth in claim 4, wherein said added micro-ecological agent is added in a specific amount of Bacillus coagulans 1-3 × 10¹⁰cfu/g, 0.5-1.5 × 10 of bacillus subtilis¹⁰cfu/g, lactic acid bacteria 0.5-1.5 × 10¹⁰cfu/g, yeast 0.5-1.5 × 10⁹cfu/g, the addition amount is 100-.

6. The feed of claim 4, wherein the probiotic is present in an amount of Bacillus coagulans 2 × 10¹⁰cfu/g, Bacillus subtilis 1 × 10¹⁰cfu/g, lactic acid bacterium 1 × 10¹⁰cfu/g, Yeast 1 × 10⁹cfu/g, and the addition amount is 150 g/ton of compound feed.

7. A method for feeding pigs to reduce the level of ammonia nitrogen in pig excreta, which is characterized in that: feeding a nursery or finishing pig with the feed of any one of claims 3 to 6; or fattening piglets or growing middle pigs, fed with a feed according to any one of claims 3 to 6.

8. The method of feeding pigs according to claim 7, characterized in that: wherein the weight of the nursery pig is 10-25 KG, the weight of the piglet in the growing-finishing pig stage is 5-50 KG, the weight of the middle pig is 50-80 KG, and the weight of the big pig is 80-110 KG.

9. The method of feeding pigs according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: feeding for 4 times every day, specifically, 7 times in the morning: 00, 11 am: 30, 4 pm: 00 and 8 in the evening: 00) free drinking water.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of livestock breeding, in particular to a feed with a feed formula for reducing the level of ammonia nitrogen in pig excreta and a method for feeding pigs.

Background

The ammonia emitted by pig excreta comes mainly from urea in the urine. The fecal nitrogen comprises two parts of undigested feed nitrogen and endogenous nitrogen, and mainly exists in the forms of amino acid, microbial nitrogen and nucleic acid. Since the microorganisms in the feces have urease activity, the urea in the urine mixed with the microorganisms is quickly decomposed into ammonia and emitted into the ambient air. Organic in the fecesThe process of anaerobic degradation of nitrogen to produce ammonia is slow and, because ammonia is highly water soluble, it can react with NH₄The forms dissolve in water and only partly volatilize in nonionic form. The ammonia nitrogen generated by the excrement and urine of the pigs in a pig farm is obviously dangerous to the pig farm, and particularly, the molecular ammonia is toxic and can paralyze the nerves of animals and reduce the functions of systems such as respiration, circulation and the like. The common ammonia nitrogen removing method is to collect the culture wastewater and perform centralized treatment, such as alkali stripping, artificial wetland and other processes. Therefore, there is a need to develop effective methods to reduce the level of ammonia nitrogen in pig excretions.

Through preliminary study, the influence of different formula feeds and feeding modes on the ammonia nitrogen level in excrement is known, and the nitrogen in pig manure is a main source of ammonia according to conventional understanding, so that the nitrogen content in pig feed can be reduced by improving the utilization rate of the nitrogen in the pig feed. However, the problem of reducing the nitrogen content in the pig manure is needed to be solved under the condition of ensuring the nutritional condition. For example, Guo Liang (the effect of corn gluten meal dietary fiber and energy on pig nitrogen metabolism, food and feed industry, 2001, 04) researches have shown that the nitrogen deposition amount, nitrogen digestibility and total nitrogen utilization rate of corn gluten meal daily ration are in positive linear correlation with the digestibility of NDF, ADF and CF of the daily ration, so that only the influence of corn gluten meal content is studied, and the conclusion and practicability need to be further advanced.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems occurring in the prior art, and it is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a novel solution.

The inventor researches the influence on the ammonia nitrogen level in pig excreta by feeding different formula feeds added with crystal amino acid and microecologics, researches the influence on the ammonia nitrogen level in the excreta by feeding growing-finishing pigs at different stages, and researches the influence on the ammonia nitrogen level in the excreta by different formula feeds. The method specifically comprises the steps of taking total nitrogen output and nitrogen utilization rate as assessment indexes, selecting herds (nursery pigs and growing-finishing pigs) at different physiological stages, feeding different protein level daily rations added with amino acids and microecologics respectively, detecting the total nitrogen output and nitrogen utilization rate in excrement, and determining the optimal feed formula and feeding mode respectively for the herds at different physiological stages. Research shows that by reducing the crude protein level of the feed, the nitrogen excretion can be reduced by adding synthetic lysine, tryptophan, threonine and methionine; the substrate used by the microorganism is added into the pig feed to regulate the microorganism flora existing in the gastrointestinal tract of the later section, so that the utilization rate of the protein is improved, and the nitrogen in the excrement is further reduced. Finally, the present invention has been completed.

Therefore, the invention firstly provides a feed formula for reducing the ammonia nitrogen level in pig excreta, which is characterized in that the feed formula is realized by reducing the protein content by 20-40% on the basis of normal daily ration, preferably by 25-35% (called low-protein daily ration) and generally by reducing the corresponding content of soybean meal, further preferably by adding crystalline amino acid to the normal daily ration level, particularly comprising lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan, further preferably by adding a microecological preparation, particularly comprising bacillus coagulans, bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes, wherein the specific content of the bacillus coagulans is 1-3 ×¹⁰cfu/g, 0.5-1.5 × 10 of bacillus subtilis¹⁰cfu/g, lactic acid bacteria 0.5-1.5 × 10¹⁰cfu/g, yeast 0.5-1.5 × 10⁹cfu/g, the addition amount is 100-¹⁰cfu/g, Bacillus subtilis 1 × 10¹⁰cfu/g, lactic acid bacterium 1 × 10¹⁰cfu/g, Yeast 1 × 10⁹cfu/g, and the addition amount is 150 g/ton of compound feed.

Correspondingly, the invention provides a method for feeding pigs to reduce the ammonia nitrogen level in pig excreta, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: feeding low-protein daily ration for nursery pigs or fattening big pigs, and adding the crystal amino acid and the microecological preparation; or fattening piglet or middle-aged pig, feeding low protein daily ration, and adding the crystal amino acid. Wherein the weight of the nursery pig is 10-25 KG, the weight of the piglet in the growing-finishing stage is 5-50 KG, the weight of the middle pig is 50-80 KG, and the weight of the big pig is 80-110 KG.

The feeding method comprises feeding for 4 times every day, specifically, feeding in the morning 7: 00, 11 am: 30, 4 pm: 00 and 8 in the evening: 00) free drinking water.

Experiments show that for nursery pigs, the total nitrogen emission under the optimal conditions is reduced by 25.57 percent compared with a control group, and the nitrogen utilization rate is improved by 28.35 percent. For fattening piglets, the total nitrogen emission under the optimal condition is reduced by 30.72 percent compared with that of a control group, and the nitrogen utilization rate is improved by 30.06 percent. For fattening middle pigs, the total nitrogen emission is reduced by 26.64 percent and the nitrogen utilization rate is improved by 22.12 percent under the optimal condition compared with a control group. For fattening big pigs, the total nitrogen emission is reduced by 31.23% and the nitrogen utilization rate is improved by 26.88% under the optimal condition compared with a control group.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments further illustrates the implementation and inventive aspects of the present invention, but is not intended to limit the present invention.