阅读说明：本技术 谷物组合物及其制备方法和用途 (Cereal composition, preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 高霓思 郑妍 邬娟 于 2018-12-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请涉及谷物组合物及其制备方法和用途。本申请提供的谷物组合物由一定比例的谷物粉和谷物麸皮通过粉碎、离心造粒和高温密闭处理制备而成。由该谷物组合物作为食品配料制备的面食制品,具有慢消化淀粉(SDS)含量高且抗性淀粉含量低的特性,有利于维持血糖稳态,同时还能有效避免因抗性淀粉的不消化疲滞胃肠道引起的腹胀腹泻。(The present application relates to cereal compositions and methods of making and using the same. The grain composition provided by the application is prepared from grain powder and grain bran in a certain proportion through crushing, centrifugal granulation and high-temperature sealing treatment. The flour product prepared by using the grain composition as a food ingredient has the characteristics of high content of Slowly Digestible Starch (SDS) and low content of resistant starch, is favorable for maintaining blood sugar steady state, and can effectively avoid abdominal distension and diarrhea caused by indigestion and fatigue of the resistant starch in gastrointestinal tract.)

1. A cereal composition consisting of a cereal flour and a cereal bran, wherein the weight ratio of the cereal flour to the cereal bran is 1:19-2:3, preferably 1:9-3: 7;

optionally wherein the broken starch value in the cereal flour is not higher than 35UCD, preferably not higher than 30 UCD;

optionally, wherein the grain flour has a particle size of less than 200 μm;

optionally wherein the grain bran has a particle size of less than 200 μm.

2. The cereal composition of claim 1, wherein said cereal flour and said cereal bran are derived from one or more of the following: sorghum, millet, broom corn millet, rice, millet, corn, coix seed, highland barley, wheat, oat, buckwheat, rye, hulless oat and quinoa.

3. The cereal composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the cereal composition has a thermogravimetric termination temperature of 350-450 ℃;

optionally wherein the ratio of inositol low phosphate and inositol hexaphosphate comprised in the cereal composition is 1-10: 1.

4. The cereal composition of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cereal composition is prepared by pelleting and high temperature treating a cereal flour and a cereal bran.

5. A method of preparing a cereal composition comprising the steps of:

1) mixing the cereal flour and the cereal bran in a weight ratio of 1:19-2:3, preferably 1:9-3: 7;

2) granulating;

3) high-temperature treatment; and optionally also (c) a second set of one or more of,

4) and (5) drying.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein said cereal flour and said cereal bran are derived from one or more of the following: sorghum, millet, broom corn millet, rice, millet, corn, coix seed, highland barley, wheat, oat, buckwheat, rye, hulless oat and quinoa.

7. The method of claim 5 or 6, wherein in step 1) a cereal flour and a cereal bran are mixed, wherein the particle size of the cereal flour and the cereal bran is less than 200 μm;

optionally, in the step 2), granulation is performed by using a centrifugal method; preferably, granulation is performed using a centrifugal spray method;

optionally, the proportion of particles with the particle size of 2000-4000 μm in the particles obtained in the step 2) is not less than 30 percent by total mass;

optionally, the high-temperature treatment conditions in step 3) are: sealing at 100-;

optionally, the thermal weight loss termination temperature of the obtained grain composition is 350-450 ℃;

optionally, the cereal composition obtained comprises inositol phosphate-poor and inositol hexaphosphate in a ratio of 1-10: 1.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises the step of secondary crushing; preferably, the grain composition obtained has a particle size of less than 300 μm.

9. Use of the cereal composition of any one of claims 1 to 4 as a food ingredient; preferably wherein the food product is a pasta product, preferably a steamed bread, cake, noodle or biscuit.

10. A food product or food ingredient comprising the cereal composition of any one of claims 1 to 4; preferably, the food product is a pasta product, more preferably a steamed bread, cake, noodle or biscuit; optionally, the pasta has a slowly digestible starch content of no less than 50%; optionally, the resistant starch content is not higher than 5%.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of grain processing, in particular to a grain composition and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

In recent years, with the rapid development of Chinese economy, the great changes of the dietary structure and the life style of people lead to the remarkable changes of human disease spectrum and death spectrum, and the problems of chronic non-infectious diseases (chronic diseases) such as diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebral apoplexy and the like are increasingly severe, so that the chronic non-infectious diseases become the main causes of death and disability of residents in China.

Diabetes mellitus, a common chronic disease, is currently growing at an alarming rate, and particularly type II diabetes mellitus has become one of three chronic diseases that seriously affect the physical and mental health of human beings. Starch is used as the main component of grain food, and the digestibility of the starch is closely related to the sugar metabolism of diabetics. Therefore, how to control the digestibility of starch has become a key to the treatment and prevention of diabetes.

Regarding the digestibility of starch, Englyst, a british physiologist, divides it into fast-digestible starch (RDS), slow-digestible starch (SDS) and Resistant Starch (RS). RDS refers to starch that is rapidly digested and absorbed in the small intestine (<20 min); SDS refers to starch (20-120min) which can be completely digested and absorbed in small intestine, but has a slow speed; RS is starch that is not digestible and absorbable in the human small intestine. The SDS is degraded slowly in small intestine, prolongs glucose release, maintains stable blood sugar, is low blood sugar starch with both nutrition and function, and can prevent and treat diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and other diseases. Therefore, it is of great nutritional importance to study how to prepare high quality SDS and food products comprising SDS.

At present, methods for slowing down energy release characteristics of cereal foods, namely methods for preparing high-content SDS foods, mainly comprise methods for adding enzyme inhibitors, adding dietary fibers, compounding coarse cereals, treating and modifying starch and the like to the cereal foods. However, the problems of the existing methods are mainly: the general enzyme inhibitor is an extraction preparation, the price is expensive, and the product cost of adding the enzyme inhibitor is high; the product performance and the taste obtained by the method of adding the dietary fiber and compounding the dietary fiber with the coarse cereals are poor, and the product is not easy to be accepted by consumers; the pretreatment modification process of starch is complex, the energy consumption is high, the requirement on equipment is high, and chemical reagents are introduced into some modification methods, so that certain potential safety hazards exist for human body health.

Therefore, there is still a need to develop food products with a high content of slowly digestible starch.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above problems, in one aspect, the present application provides a cereal composition consisting of a cereal flour and a cereal bran, wherein the weight ratio of the cereal flour to the cereal bran is 1:19 to 2:3, preferably 1:9 to 3: 7.

In some embodiments, the grain flour has a particle size of less than 200 μm.

In some embodiments, the grain bran has a particle size of less than 200 μm.

In some embodiments, the grain composition is prepared by pelletizing and high temperature processing a grain flour and grain bran.

In some embodiments, the cereal flour and the cereal bran are derived from one or more of the following: sorghum, millet, broom corn millet, rice, millet, corn, coix seed, highland barley, wheat, oat, buckwheat, rye, hulless oat and quinoa.

In some embodiments, the broken starch value in the cereal flour is not higher than 35UCD, preferably not higher than 30 UCD.

In some embodiments, the grain composition has a thermal weight loss termination temperature of 350-.

In some embodiments, the ratio of low inositol phosphate and inositol hexaphosphate included in the grain composition is 1-10: 1.

In another aspect, the present application provides a method of preparing a grain composition comprising the steps of: 1) mixing the cereal flour and the cereal bran in a weight ratio of 1:19-2:3, preferably 1:9-3: 7; 2) granulating; 3) high-temperature treatment; and optionally, 4) cooling and drying.

In some embodiments, the cereal flour and the cereal bran are derived from one or more of the following: sorghum, millet, broom corn millet, rice, millet, yellow rice, corn, coix seed, highland barley, wheat, oat, buckwheat, rye, hulless oat and quinoa;

in some embodiments, the broken starch value in the cereal flour is not higher than 35UCD, preferably not higher than 30 UCD.

In some embodiments, in step 1), the grain size of the cereal flour and the cereal bran is less than 200 μm.

In some embodiments, in step 1), the cereal flour and the cereal bran are mixed and milled to a particle size of less than 200 μm.

In some embodiments, in the step 1), the cereal flour and the cereal bran are separately pulverized to have a particle size of less than 200 μm and then mixed.

In some embodiments, the step 2) is performed using a centrifugal method.

In some embodiments, the particles obtained in step 2) have a particle size of 2000-4000 μm in terms of the total mass of not less than 30%.

In some embodiments, the high temperature treatment conditions in step 3) are: sealing at 100-200 deg.C for 3-10 hr.

In some embodiments, the resulting grain composition has a thermal weight loss termination temperature of 350-.

In some embodiments, the resulting grain composition comprises inositol phosphate low and inositol hexaphosphate in a ratio of 1-10: 1. In some embodiments, the method further comprises the step of secondary crushing.

In some embodiments, the grain composition obtained has a particle size of less than 300 μm. In yet another aspect, the present application provides the use of the cereal composition as a food ingredient.

In some embodiments, the food product is a pasta, preferably a steamed bread, cake, noodle or biscuit.

In yet another aspect, the present application provides a food product or food ingredient comprising the cereal composition.

In some embodiments, the food product is a pasta, more preferably a steamed bun, bread, cake, noodle, or biscuit.

In some embodiments, the pasta product has a slowly digestible starch content of no less than 50%.

In some embodiments, the resistant starch content is no greater than 5% in the pasta.

Therefore, the application provides a novel grain composition which takes bulk grain and byproducts thereof as raw materials and realizes high-value full utilization of the grain.

According to the method for preparing the grain composition, the physical processing modes of crushing, centrifugal granulation, high-temperature closed treatment, cooling drying and secondary crushing are adopted, so that the interaction among the molecules of each component in the grain composition is enhanced, and the thermal decomposition temperature of the grain composition is effectively increased. In addition, the method is simple and convenient to operate and low in cost.

The microstructure formed by the grain composition provided by the application under the processing conditions of high-temperature cooking or baking and the like can delay the digestion of starch without increasing the content of resistant starch. Compared with common cereal foods, the staple food prepared by the composition has high content of Slowly Digestible Starch (SDS) and low content of resistant starch, so that the energy is slowly released, the steady state of blood sugar is maintained, and abdominal distension and diarrhea caused by indigestion and fatigue of the resistant starch in gastrointestinal tracts can be effectively avoided. In addition, the grain composition provided by the invention can prevent and treat diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and obesity and has important nutritional significance.

Detailed description of the preferred embodiments

In this application, "cereal" refers to the general term of cereal plants or crops, including sorghum, millet, broom corn millet, rice, millet, corn, coix seed, highland barley, wheat, oat, buckwheat, rye, hulless oat, quinoa, etc.

In the present application, "cereal" is processed to obtain "cereal flour" and "cereal bran". The cereal flour is composed of cereal endosperm, and the cereal bran is composed of cereal cortex. Taking wheat as an example, after wheat is subjected to flour milling, wheat flour and wheat bran can be obtained.

In one aspect, the grain composition provided by the application is prepared by crushing, centrifugally granulating, sealing at high temperature, cooling, drying and secondarily crushing grain powder and grain bran. The cereal is at least one of jowar, semen Setariae, broom corn millet, rice, semen Setariae, semen Panici Miliacei, semen Maydis, Coicis semen, semen Avenae Nudae, fructus Hordei vulgaris, semen Tritici Aestivi, herba Avenae Fatuae, semen Fagopyri Esculenti, rye, herba Avenae Nudae, and semen Chenopodii.

Since the degree of starch damage in the cereal flour and the content of cereal bran in the composition are important factors affecting the digestibility of the starch, the value of damaged starch in the cereal flour is optimized to be not higher than 35UCD, the content of cereal bran is 5-40%, preferably 10-30% based on the total weight of the cereal composition, and the obtained cereal composition can be used for preparing food with high slowly digestible starch content (not lower than 50%) and the resistant starch content is not higher than 5%.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of preparing a grain composition comprising the steps of: 1) mixing grain powder and grain bran at a weight ratio of 1:19-2:3, preferably 1:9-3:7, and pulverizing to particle size of less than 200 μm; 2) centrifugal spray granulation, wherein the proportion of the obtained particles with the particle size of 2000-4000 mu m is not less than 30 percent, such as 30-60 percent; 3) sealing at 110-180 deg.C for 5-10 hr; 4) cooling and drying; and optionally, 5) secondary crushing to a particle size of less than 300 μm.

In a specific embodiment, the conditions for centrifugal spray granulation are centrifugation speed of 150-250rpm, preferably 180-22rpm, spray flow rate of 10-20L/min, preferably 15L/min, spray pressure of 0-1MPa, preferably 0.5MPa, and spray time of 3-8 min.

The grain composition powder bonding agglomeration state is controlled and the grain composition powder bonding agglomeration state is subjected to airtight high-temperature treatment, so that the interaction among the molecules of each component of the grain is enhanced, and the thermal stability of the composition is effectively improved due to the cross-linking effect among macromolecules. In some embodiments, the resulting grain composition has a thermal weight loss termination temperature of 350-.

In addition, phytic acid in the cereal bran undergoes a series of degradation under the action of high temperature to generate low-phosphoinositide, so that the digestion and enzymolysis of starch are inhibited or delayed. In some embodiments, the resulting grain composition comprises inositol phosphate low and inositol hexaphosphate in a ratio of 1-10: 1.

Cereal food products prepared from the cereal compositions obtained by the process provided herein have a high content of slowly digestible starch (not less than 50%) and a resistant starch content of not more than 5%.

The embodiments and technical effects of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.