阅读说明：本技术 一种高营养谷物的加工方法 (Processing method of high-nutrition grains ) 是由 赵金梁 赵发 于 2020-04-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出一种高营养谷物的加工方法,包括如下操作步骤：含有胚芽的谷物原料→筛选→清洗→浸泡→萌动→酶解→烘干→包装,浸泡处理在含氯自来水中进行,萌动处理是指将浸泡处理后的谷物培养至胚突破种皮之前,酶解处理是指向萌动处理后的谷物中添加木聚糖酶、纤维素酶、β-葡聚糖酶、谷氨酰胺转氨酶和微生物菌剂进行酶解,微生物菌剂为少孢根霉菌和/或芽孢杆菌,每种酶的添加量均分别为10-300g/吨、每种微生物菌剂的添加量均分别为100-3000g/吨。本发明操作简单、易行,技术手段最为天然、成本也最低,所得产品与普通谷物的食用方法相同,但是营养含量及功能价值比不加工的谷物更高、更大,而且食用时无需淘洗。(The invention provides a processing method of high-nutrition grains, which comprises the following operation steps of grain raw materials containing germ → screening → cleaning → soaking → germination → enzymolysis → drying → packaging, wherein the soaking treatment is carried out in chlorinated tap water, the germination treatment refers to culturing the soaked grains until the germ breaks through seed coats, the enzymolysis treatment refers to adding xylanase, cellulase, β -glucanase, glutamine transaminase and microbial agents into the germinated grains for enzymolysis, the microbial agents are rhizopus oligosporus and/or bacillus, the addition amount of each enzyme is 10-300 g/ton, and the addition amount of each microbial agent is 100-3000 g/ton.)

1. The processing method of the high-nutrition grains is characterized by comprising the following operation steps of grain raw materials containing germ → screening → cleaning → soaking → germination → enzymolysis → drying → packaging, wherein the soaking treatment is carried out in tap water containing chlorine, the germination treatment refers to the culture of the grains after the soaking treatment until the germ breaks through seed coats, the enzymolysis treatment refers to the addition of xylanase, cellulase, β -glucanase, glutamine transaminase and a microbial agent into the grains after the germination treatment for enzymolysis, the microbial agent is rhizopus oligosporus and/or bacillus, the addition amount of each enzyme is 10-300 g/ton, and the addition amount of each microbial agent is 100-3000 g/ton.

2. The method for processing high nutrition cereal as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specific operation of the germination processing is as follows: placing the soaked grains in an incubator with a constant temperature of 22-24 ℃, pouring the grains in subacidity electrolyzed water with a pH value of 5-6 and a temperature of 22-24 ℃ at regular time until the embryos break through the seed coats, keeping the relative humidity of the incubator over 95 percent all the time, pouring the grains once every 3-5h at the pouring frequency, wherein the volume of the subacidity electrolyzed water used for each pouring is equal to the volume of the soaked grains, and draining the rest water out of the incubator after pouring.

3. The method for processing high-nutrition cereal as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pH value of the slightly acidic electrolyzed water is 5.2-5.5, and the effective chlorine concentration in the tap water is 33-38 mg/L.

4. The method of processing a highly nutritious cereal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the xylanase, the cellulase, the β -glucanase and the transglutaminase are added in an amount of 100 g/ton, respectively, and the Rhizopus oligosporus and/or the Bacillus are added in an amount of 1000 g/ton, respectively.

5. The method for processing high nutrition cereal as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the enzymolysis temperature is 40-60 deg.C, and pH is 4-7.

6. The method for processing high nutrition cereal as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the drying temperature is not more than 60 ℃, and the moisture of the dried product is not more than 13%.

7. The method for processing high nutrient cereal as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the cereal raw material containing embryo bud is at least one of cereal raw materials of Gramineae such as rice, wheat, bean, corn and millet containing embryo bud.

8. The method for processing highly nutritious cereal as claimed in claim 7, wherein: and grinding the dried powder and packaging the powder.

9. The method for processing highly nutritious cereal as claimed in claim 7, wherein: and grinding the dried grain, mixing at least two kinds of grain powder according to a certain proportion, extruding and packaging.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of grain processing, and particularly relates to a processing method of high-nutrition grains.

Background

During the germination process of the grain seeds, a series of physiological and biochemical reactions are generated by the grains, so that various enzymes are activated, various nutrient substances such as amino acids, polyphenol, minerals and the like are liberated, the protein digestibility is obviously increased, the starch property is improved, the nutrition and functional value of the product is obviously enhanced, and the grain seed germination process is determined to be a beneficial processing mode capable of improving the nutritional value of grains. The prior art of processing grains by a grain germination method has the following defects: 1. over-sprouting cannot maintain the nutritional and functional values of the grains to the maximum; 2. the grain seed skin in the germination treatment is not substantially changed, and if the grain seed skin is subsequently peeled, the operation is complicated, and the loss of nutrient substances of the seed skin can be caused; if the skin is not peeled subsequently, the absorption rate of nutrient substances of the seed coat part is low, the effect can not be fully exerted, and the taste of the grains is poor. Therefore, how to improve the defects of the existing germination means for processing the grains and ensure the nutrient substances and functional quality of the grains to the maximum extent is a problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a processing method of high-nutrition grains.

The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:

a processing method of high-nutrition grains comprises the following operation steps of grain raw materials containing germ → screening → washing → soaking → germination → enzymolysis → drying → packaging, wherein the soaking treatment is carried out in chlorinated tap water, the germination treatment refers to culturing the grains after the soaking treatment until the germ breaks through seed coats, the enzymolysis treatment refers to adding xylanase, cellulase, β -glucanase, glutamine transaminase and a microbial agent into the grains after the germination treatment for enzymolysis, the microbial agent is rhizopus oligosporus and/or bacillus, the adding amount of each enzyme is 10-300 g/ton, and the adding amount of each microbial agent is 100-3000 g/ton.

The cereal raw material containing germ is selected, mildewed and broken seeds are screened, the cereal raw material is soaked in chlorine-containing tap water after being cleaned, the germination process of the seeds comprises imbibition, hydration, enzyme activation, cell division and enlargement, the germ breaks through the epidermis and grows into seedlings, the seed coat is softened or broken as a result of the imbibition, the seed coat permeability to gas and the like is increased, germination is started, during the hydration and enzyme activation stage, the imbibition is ended, various enzymes start to be activated, for example, after barley seeds are imbibed, the germ firstly releases gibberellin and transfers to aleurone layer, synthesis of hydrolase (α -amylase, protease and the like) is induced, the hydrolase hydrolyzes starch and protein stored in endosperm into soluble substances (maltose, glucose, amino acid and the like), the nutritive substance in the cereal is the highest at this moment, the nutritive substance needs to be provided for the germ for growth from the cell division and enlargement stage, the nutritive substance needs to be provided for the growth of the germ, therefore, the cereal operation is only carried out before the germ breaks through the seed coat breaks through, the cell wall activation of the enzyme is started, the nutritive substance in the cell division and the cell wall of the germ, the enriched, the nutritive substance is enriched with no more abundant, the enzyme has the enzyme, the enzyme has the covalent degradation of bacillus has the enzyme, the enzyme has the viscosity of bacillus has the viscosity has been increased, the viscosity has the viscosity of bacillus has been increased, the enzyme, the viscosity has been increased, the enzyme,

preferably, the specific operations of the germination process are as follows: placing the soaked grains in an incubator with a constant temperature of 22-24 ℃, pouring the grains in subacidity electrolytic water with a pH value of 5-6 and a temperature of 22-24 ℃ at regular time until the embryos break through seed coats, wherein the relative humidity of the incubator is always kept above 95%, the pouring frequency is once every 3-5h, the volume of the subacidity electrolytic water used for pouring each time is equal to the volume of the grains after soaking, a placing tray with sieve pores is arranged in the incubator, disinfected filter paper is uniformly spread at the bottom of the placing tray, the grains after soaking are placed in the placing tray, and the excessive water after the subacidity electrolytic water is poured on the grains leaves the placing tray through the sieve pores and is drained out of the incubator through a pipeline.

Preferably, the pH value of the subacid electrolyzed water is 5.2-5.5, the effective chlorine concentration in tap water is 33-38 mg/L, the electrolyzed water is micromolecular water with strong permeability, the germination of seeds can be effectively promoted, the germination time can be shortened, pathogenic bacteria on grains can be removed, the germination rate can be improved, the grains are soaked in the tap water containing 33-38 mg/L, and the subacid electrolyzed water with the pH value of 5.2-5.5 is used for sprinkling, so that the germination of the grains is facilitated, the activity of amylase, acid protease and lipase during grain germination is greatly improved, the nutritive value is greatly improved, and the grains form unique flavor and taste.

More preferably, the addition amounts of xylanase, cellulase, β -glucanase and glutamine transaminase are 100 g/ton respectively, and the addition amounts of rhizopus oligosporus and/or bacillus are 1000 g/ton respectively.

The xylanase can catalyze and decompose polysaccharide, especially xylan into functional oligosaccharides such as xylo-oligosaccharide, arabinose and the like, the functional oligosaccharides are prebiotics which are commonly lacked by a human body and can promote metabolism and proliferation of probiotics in the human body, so that the intestinal microecology is improved, the functional oligosaccharides have important significance in promoting metabolism of lipid, protein, sugar and minerals, meanwhile, the functional oligosaccharides can destroy the cell wall structure of grains, improve the activity of endogenous digestive enzymes and improve the utilization of the nutrition of the grains, the cellulase can convert cellulose in the grains into sugar and single cell protein, reduce the content of crude fiber and improve the nutritive value of the grains, and obviously improve the quality and taste of the grains, β -glucanase can catalyze and hydrolyze β -glucan in the cell walls of the grains, reduce the content of non-starch polysaccharide and anti-nutritional factors thereof, obviously improve the absorption and utilization rate of nutrient substances, and obviously improve the taste and palatability.

Further preferably, the enzymolysis temperature is 40-60 deg.C, and pH is 4-7.

Further preferably, the drying temperature is not more than 60 ℃, and the moisture of the dried product is not more than 13%. The low-temperature drying and the moisture content of the dried product not more than 13 percent are beneficial to keeping various enzymes in the product active and in a dormant state temporarily.

More preferably, the cereal raw material containing germ is at least one of cereal raw materials of Gramineae such as rice, wheat, bean, corn and millet containing germ.

Preferably, the grain flour is ground after being dried and then packaged or ground after being dried and then at least two kinds of grain flour are mixed according to a certain proportion, extruded and packaged.

The invention can be used for processing single grains to obtain original grains; or respectively grinding after drying, packaging, or mixing several kinds of cereal powders according to function requirement, and extrusion molding to obtain artificial rice, artificial bean, etc.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the cereal germination is only carried out until the hydration and enzyme activation stage is finished, at the moment, various enzymes in the cereal are activated, and rich amino acids, vitamins, polyphenols, mineral substances, gamma-aminobutyric acid and other nutrient substances are converted and dissociated, so that the digestibility of protein and starch is obviously increased, the characteristics of the starch are improved, and the nutritional value and the functional value of the cereal are very high;

2. after germination, xylanase, cellulase, β -glucanase, glutamine transaminase and microbial agents are adopted for enzymolysis, the xylanase, the cellulase and the β -glucanase act synergistically to destroy the epidermal cell walls of grains and decompose the epidermal cell walls into water-soluble functional oligosaccharides and single-cell proteins easy to absorb, so that the processed grains have better taste and palatability in traditional peeling processing and fully retain the nutritional ingredients of the epidermis;

3. the invention has simple and easy operation, the most natural technical means and the lowest cost, the obtained product has the same eating method as the common grains, and the product does not need to be washed when being eaten.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.