阅读说明：本技术 一种用于太阳能光热蒸发海水淡化的圆筒型蒸馏器及方法 (Cylindrical distiller and method for solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination ) 是由 骆周扬 申震 刘春红 祁志福 彭浩 蒋书涵 陈友顺 于 2020-05-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及用于太阳能光热蒸发海水淡化的圆筒型蒸馏器,包括隔热材料、光热转化材料、海水流动槽、玻璃圆弧罩、圆弧淡水收集槽和单元组合支架；玻璃圆弧罩与圆弧淡水收集槽连接组成圆筒型蒸馏器外壳,并呈倾斜放置于单元组合支架上,每个圆筒型蒸馏器单元在单元组合支架上并联连接。本发明的有益效果是：本发明由玻璃圆弧罩和圆弧淡水收集槽组成圆筒型蒸馏器,圆筒型蒸馏器内设置了海水流动槽,在隔热材料保温的蒸馏器中,光热转化材料受光照加热海水流动槽中的海水蒸发,蒸汽通过玻璃圆弧罩与环境进行热交换冷凝成淡水,汇集至圆弧淡水收集槽进行收集,实现大面积太阳能光热蒸发海水淡化,获得更高的太阳能利用率。(The invention relates to a cylindrical distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination, which comprises a heat insulation material, a photothermal conversion material, a seawater flowing groove, a glass arc cover, an arc fresh water collecting groove and a unit combined bracket, wherein the heat insulation material is arranged in the cylindrical distiller; the glass arc cover and the arc fresh water collecting tank are connected to form a cylindrical distiller shell, the cylindrical distiller shell is obliquely placed on the unit combined support, and each cylindrical distiller unit is connected in parallel on the unit combined support. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the solar energy heat evaporation seawater desalination device comprises a glass arc cover and an arc fresh water collecting tank, wherein a seawater flowing groove is arranged in the cylindrical distiller, a photothermal conversion material is irradiated by light in the distiller with heat insulation property to heat seawater in the seawater flowing groove to evaporate, steam is subjected to heat exchange with the environment through the glass arc cover to be condensed into fresh water, and the fresh water is collected in the arc fresh water collecting tank to realize large-area solar energy photothermal evaporation seawater desalination, so that higher solar energy utilization rate is obtained.)

1. A cylindrical distiller for solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination is characterized in that: comprises a heat insulating material (1), a photothermal conversion material (2), a seawater flowing groove (3), a glass arc cover (5), an arc fresh water collecting groove (6) and a unit combined bracket; the glass arc hood (5) is connected with the arc fresh water collecting tank (6) to form a cylindrical distiller shell, the cylindrical distiller shell is obliquely placed on the unit combined bracket, and each cylindrical distiller unit is connected in parallel on the unit combined bracket; the seawater flowing groove (3) is fixed in the cylindrical distiller through a flowing groove bracket, and the seawater (4) in the seawater flowing groove (3) is covered with a heat insulating material (1) and a photothermal conversion material (2).

2. The cylindrical distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination of claim 1, wherein: the heat insulation material (1) comprises polystyrene, polyurethane hydrophobic white foam or aerosol; the heat insulation material (1) covers the outer surface of the distiller except the glass arc cover (5) and the space between the photothermal conversion material (2) and the seawater (4) in the distiller; the thickness of the heat insulation material (1) is 1-6 cm.

3. The cylindrical distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination of claim 1, wherein: the photothermal conversion material (2) comprises single-layer or multi-layer black dyed fiber cloth, carbon-based material deposition cloth, plasma deposition cloth or carbon-based material blending gel; the lower end of the partial area of the photothermal conversion material passes through the heat insulation material (1) to be contacted with seawater (4).

4. The cylindrical distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination of claim 1, wherein: the seawater flowing tank (3) is made of corrosion-resistant engineering plastics, stainless steel or glass, and the bottom of the seawater flowing tank (3) is fixed in the cylindrical distiller through a flowing tank bracket of a fence structure or a support structure; the width of the seawater flowing groove (3) is smaller than the diameter of the glass arc cover (5), and a certain distance is reserved between the seawater flowing groove (3) and the glass arc cover (5); a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged at the two ends of the seawater flowing groove (3); the height of the guardrail of the seawater flowing groove (3) is 2-8 cm.

5. The cylindrical distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination of claim 1, wherein: the glass arc cover (5) comprises super white glass with the light transmittance of more than 95 percent, and the thickness of the super white glass is 3-8 mm; the radian of the glass arc cover (5) is at least 180 degrees.

6. The cylindrical distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination of claim 1, wherein: the upper end of the arc fresh water collecting tank (6) is connected with the glass arc cover (5) through a groove of a hydrophobic rubber gasket to form a cylinder with the same radius; the arc fresh water collecting tank (6) is made of the same glass material as the glass arc hood (5), or is made of engineering plastics or stainless steel materials; the outer wall of the arc fresh water collecting tank (6) is attached with a heat insulating material (1) and is arranged on the unit combined bracket.

7. The cylindrical distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination of claim 1, wherein: the unit combined bracket is in a ladder-shaped structure formed by stainless steel brackets, and the included angle between the adjustable inclined plane and the horizontal plane is 0-60 degrees; the unit combined brackets are connected through stainless steel bolt structures and combined side by side to form a large-area distiller structure, and the distiller is placed on an open and shelterless field right opposite to the south.

8. A seawater desalination method of a cylindrical distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination according to claim 1, characterized in that: a plurality of cylindrical distiller units are obliquely arranged on the unit combined bracket side by side; in a distiller with heat insulation of a heat insulation material (1), a photothermal conversion material (2) is irradiated by light to heat seawater (4) in a seawater flowing groove (3) for evaporation, steam is subjected to heat exchange with the environment through a glass arc cover (5) to be condensed into fresh water, and the fresh water is collected in an arc fresh water collecting groove (6); seawater is injected from the bottom of the high part of the seawater flowing groove (3), and evaporated concentrated water flows out from the bottom of the low part of the seawater flowing groove (3).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of seawater desalination and photothermal evaporation, in particular to a cylindrical distiller and a method for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination.

Background

The solar seawater desalination thermal method technology mainly utilizes solar photo-thermal resources to heat seawater, phase change evaporation is carried out on the seawater, and fresh water is obtained through condensation and collection. The photo-thermal solar seawater desalination technology has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, simple maintenance and the like, and is the mainstream solar seawater desalination technology at present. The thermal method solar seawater desalination can be divided into solar-assisted multiple-effect evaporation, multistage flash evaporation, heat pump seawater desalination, membrane distillation, humidification and dehumidification and a solar distiller according to different evaporation and condensation modes, wherein the solar distiller occupies a small area and is independent, and the requirement of the application of unit distributed small seawater desalination can be met. The solar energy distiller can be divided into three parts according to energy conversion and material change: the light-heat conversion section, the evaporation section and the condensation section correspond to the conversion of energy and material from "light" to "heat", "sea water" to "steam" and "steam" to "fresh water", respectively. The traditional solar distiller is an integrated solar distiller, sunlight passes through glass and is absorbed by seawater and a substrate, the seawater is condensed on the inner wall of the glass after being evaporated and flows to a collecting tank to obtain fresh water, and the light-heat conversion, the evaporation and the condensation processes are all realized in one container. Although the solar still has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture, due to the influence of factors such as shielding of a photo-thermal material, light reflection of a water surface and a glass surface, a large volume of water, heat loss of the still and the like when the condensing structure is used at different illumination angles, the water production efficiency is low, and therefore targeted optimization and improvement on the influencing factors are needed.

The relevant documents are: zhang Xuan radium, Bo Yuan and Liu Qiang in electric power science and engineering, 2017,33(12):1-8, published "New technical development State of solar seawater desalination" [ J ]; xiao, G., Wang, X., Ni, M., et al, applied energy 103, 642-652 (2013), A review on solar stills for britnedsalination.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a cylindrical distiller and a method for solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination.

The cylindrical distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination comprises a heat insulation material, a photothermal conversion material, a seawater flow groove, a glass arc cover, an arc fresh water collecting groove and a unit combined bracket; the glass arc hood is connected with the arc fresh water collecting tank to form a cylindrical distiller shell, and the cylindrical distiller shell is obliquely placed on the unit combined bracket, and each cylindrical distiller unit is connected in parallel on the unit combined bracket; the seawater flowing groove is fixed in the cylindrical distiller through a flowing groove bracket, and the seawater in the seawater flowing groove is covered with a heat insulating material and a photothermal conversion material.

Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the heat insulating material comprises polystyrene with the thermal conductivity coefficient less than or equal to 0.1W/(m.K), polyurethane hydrophobic white foam or aerosol; the heat insulation material covers the outer surface of the distiller except the glass arc cover and the space between the photothermal conversion material and the seawater in the distiller; the thickness of the heat insulating material is 1-6cm, wherein the thickness of the heat insulating material between the cylindrical distiller units can be appropriately reduced in order to increase the sunlight utilization area.

Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the photothermal conversion material comprises single-layer or multi-layer black dyed fiber cloth with the light absorption rate of more than or equal to 80 percent, carbon-based material deposition cloth such as activated carbon, graphene and carbon nano tubes, plasma deposition cloth such as nano gold and nano silver, and carbon-based material blending gel; the lower end of the partial area of the photothermal conversion material passes through the heat insulation material to be contacted with seawater, and the seawater is drawn through the capillary action of the fiber cloth.

Preferably, the seawater flowing groove is made of corrosion-resistant engineering plastics, stainless steel or glass, the bottom of the seawater flowing groove is fixed in the cylindrical distiller through a flowing groove support with a fence structure or a support structure, the width of the seawater flowing groove is slightly smaller than the diameter of the glass arc cover, a certain distance is reserved between the seawater flowing groove and the glass arc cover, a channel for collecting condensed water on the glass arc cover is reserved, a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged at two ends of the seawater flowing groove, when the cylindrical distiller is obliquely placed, seawater is injected from the high bottom of the seawater flowing groove, evaporated concentrated water flows out from the low bottom of the seawater flowing groove, the injection and outflow speeds of water flows need to meet the requirement that the seawater and heat insulation materials floating on the seawater and photothermal conversion materials do not overflow out of the seawater flowing groove, and are usually selected to be 0-1L/h, and the height of a guardrail of the seawater flowing groove also needs to meet the requirement that the seawater and heat insulation materials floating on the seawater and photothermal conversion materials do.

Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the glass arc cover comprises super white glass with the light transmittance of more than 95%, the thickness of the glass arc cover meets the structural rigidity, and the thickness of the glass arc cover is as thin as possible, so that the thermal conductivity coefficient of the glass arc cover is as large as possible, and the thickness is usually 3-8 mm; the radian of the glass arc cover is at least 180 degrees of semicircle, so that the sunlight at different angles at different moments is fully utilized.

Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the upper end of the arc fresh water collecting tank is connected with the glass arc cover through a groove of a hydrophobic rubber gasket to form a cylinder with the same radius; the arc fresh water collecting tank is made of the same glass material as the glass arc cover, or other corrosion-resistant engineering plastics or stainless steel materials; the outer wall of the arc fresh water collecting tank is attached with a heat insulating material and is arranged on the unit combined bracket.

Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the unit combined bracket is in a ladder-shaped structure formed by stainless steel brackets, and the included angle between the adjustable inclined plane and the horizontal plane is 0-60 degrees; the unit combined brackets are connected through stainless steel bolt structures and combined side by side to form a large-area distiller structure, and the distiller is placed on an open and shelterless field right in the south.

The seawater desalination method of the cylindrical distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination comprises the following steps: a plurality of cylindrical distiller units are obliquely arranged on the unit combined bracket side by side; in a distiller with heat insulation material, the photothermal conversion material is irradiated by light to heat seawater in a seawater flowing groove to evaporate, steam is subjected to heat exchange with the environment through a glass arc cover to be condensed into fresh water, and the fresh water is collected in an arc fresh water collecting groove; the seawater is injected from the bottom of the high part of the seawater flowing groove, and the evaporated concentrated water flows out from the bottom of the low part of the seawater flowing groove.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the solar energy seawater desalination device comprises a cylindrical distiller consisting of a glass arc cover and an arc fresh water collecting tank, wherein a seawater flowing tank is arranged in the cylindrical distiller, a photothermal conversion material is irradiated by light in the distiller with heat insulation property to heat seawater in the seawater flowing tank to evaporate, and steam is subjected to heat exchange with the environment through the glass arc cover to be condensed into fresh water which is collected in the arc fresh water collecting tank; each cylindrical distiller unit can be connected in parallel on a unit combined support with a certain inclination angle, large-area solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination is realized, and the cylindrical distiller unit is applied to the fields of photo-thermal evaporation, solar seawater desalination and the like, and obtains higher solar energy utilization rate.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cylindrical distiller of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a parallel combination of cylindrical distiller units according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of seawater evaporation, condensation and desalination in the cylindrical distiller of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals: the device comprises a heat insulation material 1, a photothermal conversion material 2, a seawater flowing groove 3, seawater 4, a glass arc cover 5 and an arc fresh water collecting groove 6.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The following examples are set forth merely to aid in the understanding of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

The interface evaporation structure is adopted, a light absorption material is arranged at the interface between seawater and air, a thin liquid layer at the interface is heated and evaporated, and the seawater is continuously absorbed to the heating interface by using a water absorption core or a floating water absorption material, so that the photo-thermal evaporation process is continuously carried out, the heat loss in the evaporation process is greatly reduced, and the evaporation temperature and efficiency are improved; adopt the cylindrical structure, when not only can avoiding different angles sun irradiation, the inside and sheltering from between the unit of distiller unit can also increase the condensation area, improves condensation efficiency.

As shown in fig. 1, in the cylindrical distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination, in a thermal insulation foam thermal insulation distiller, a photothermal conversion material 2 is irradiated by light to heat seawater 4 in a seawater flowing tank 3 for evaporation, and steam is subjected to heat exchange with the environment through a glass arc cover 5 to be condensed into fresh water, and is collected in an arc fresh water collecting tank 6; a plurality of cylindrical distiller units are arranged side by side, and large-area solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination can be realized.

The heat insulation foam is as follows: extruded polystyrene foam boards (XPS) having a density of 30kg/m³The thermal conductivity is 0.03W/mK, and the thickness is 1 to 6 cm.

The photothermal conversion material is multilayer black dyed fiber cotton gauze of 60 × 15cm, and the absorbance in the solar spectrum range is 93%.

The seawater flowing groove is × long, × wide and 60 × 15 × 4cm high, the width is slightly smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical distiller, the diameter of the cylindrical distiller is 20cm, a condensed water collecting channel of 2cm is reserved at the distance of the glass arc cover 5, the seawater flowing groove 3 is made of corrosion-resistant engineering plastics, and the bottom of the seawater flowing groove is fixed in the cylindrical distiller through an engineering plastic fence structure.

The glass arc cover is: the ultra-white glass semicircular cover with the light transmittance of more than 95 percent has the diameter of 20cm and the thickness of 5 mm.

The arc fresh water collecting tank is as follows: the diameter is 20cm semicircle formula engineering plastics collecting vat, and the upper end adopts hydrophobic rubber gasket groove connection with glass arc cover 5, and the thermal-insulated foam of outer wall laminating is settled on the unit sectional shelf-unit.

The unit combined bracket comprises: as shown in fig. 2, a stainless steel bracket forms a ladder-shaped structure, and the included angle between the inclined plane and the horizontal plane can be adjusted to be 20 degrees; the unit combined brackets are connected through stainless steel bolt structures and combined side by side to form a large-area distiller structure, and the distiller is placed on an open and shelterless field right opposite to the south.

The process of seawater evaporation, condensation and desalination in the cylindrical distiller for solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 3, seawater 4 is drawn to the surface of the photothermal conversion material 2 to absorb heat and evaporate, condensed at the glass arc hood 5, and flows to the arc fresh water collecting tank 6 along the two sides of the arc to be collected.

The operation example of the cylindrical distiller device for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination comprises three cylindrical distiller units with the length of 60cm and the diameter of 20cm, wherein the three cylindrical distiller units are placed on a unit combination bracket by inclining at an angle of 20 degrees to form a distiller device with the illumination area size of 60 × 60cm, and the total daily water yield of the cylindrical distiller operating for 24 hours is 2kg/m under the sunshine irradiation conditions that the environmental temperature is 12-20 ℃ and the equivalent standard sunshine hours is 3.5 hours in spring in coastal cities in south China²Day, total efficiency 38%.